4.3.11 实现私用 yum仓库

下载所有yum仓库的相关包和meta 数据

#CentOS 8 dnf 工具集成
dnf reposync --help #查看帮助#默认只下载rpm包，不下载meta数据，需要指定--download-metadata 才能下载meta
dnf reposync --repoid=REPOID --download-metadata -p /path#CentOS 7 以前版本，reposync工具来自于yum-utils包
reposync --repoid=REPOID --download-metadata -p /path

创建私有yum仓库：

createrepo [options] <directory>

范例：

[root@rocky8 ~]# dnf reposync --help
usage: dnf reposync [-c [config file]] [-q] [-v] [--version][--installroot [path]] [--nodocs] [--noplugins][--enableplugin [plugin]] [--disableplugin [plugin]][--releasever RELEASEVER] [--setopt SETOPTS][--skip-broken] [-h] [--allowerasing] [-b | --nobest] [-C][-R [minutes]] [-d [debug level]] [--debugsolver][--showduplicates] [-e ERRORLEVEL] [--obsoletes][--rpmverbosity [debug level name]] [-y] [--assumeno][--enablerepo [repo]] [--disablerepo [repo] | --repo[repo]] [--enable | --disable] [-x [package]][--disableexcludes [repo]] [--repofrompath [repo,path]][--noautoremove] [--nogpgcheck] [--color COLOR][--refresh] [-4] [-6] [--destdir DESTDIR] [--downloadonly][--comment COMMENT] [--bugfix] [--enhancement][--newpackage] [--security] [--advisory ADVISORY][--bz BUGZILLA] [--cve CVES][--sec-severity {Critical,Important,Moderate,Low}][--forcearch ARCH] [-a [arch]] [--delete][--download-metadata] [-g] [-m][--metadata-path METADATA_PATH] [-n] [--norepopath][-p DOWNLOAD_PATH] [--remote-time] [--source] [-u]download all packages from remote repoGeneral DNF options:-c [config file], --config [config file]config file location-q, --quiet           quiet operation-v, --verbose         verbose operation--version             show DNF version and exit--installroot [path]  set install root--nodocs              do not install documentations--noplugins           disable all plugins--enableplugin [plugin]enable plugins by name--disableplugin [plugin]disable plugins by name--releasever RELEASEVERoverride the value of $releasever in config and repofiles--setopt SETOPTS      set arbitrary config and repo options--skip-broken         resolve depsolve problems by skipping packages-h, --help, --help-cmdshow command help--allowerasing        allow erasing of installed packages to resolvedependencies-b, --best            try the best available package versions intransactions.--nobest              do not limit the transaction to the best candidate-C, --cacheonly       run entirely from system cache, don't update cache-R [minutes], --randomwait [minutes]maximum command wait time-d [debug level], --debuglevel [debug level]debugging output level--debugsolver         dumps detailed solving results into files--showduplicates      show duplicates, in repos, in list/search commands-e ERRORLEVEL, --errorlevel ERRORLEVELerror output level--obsoletes           enables dnf's obsoletes processing logic for upgradeor display capabilities that the package obsoletes forinfo, list and repoquery--rpmverbosity [debug level name]debugging output level for rpm-y, --assumeyes       automatically answer yes for all questions--assumeno            automatically answer no for all questions--enablerepo [repo]   Enable additional repositories. List option. Supportsglobs, can be specified multiple times.--disablerepo [repo]  Disable repositories. List option. Supports globs, canbe specified multiple times.--repo [repo], --repoid [repo]enable just specific repositories by an id or a glob,can be specified multiple times--enable              enable repos with config-manager command(automatically saves)--disable             disable repos with config-manager command(automatically saves)-x [package], --exclude [package], --excludepkgs [package]exclude packages by name or glob--disableexcludes [repo], --disableexcludepkgs [repo]disable excludepkgs--repofrompath [repo,path]label and path to an additional repository to use(same path as in a baseurl), can be specified multipletimes.--noautoremove        disable removal of dependencies that are no longerused--nogpgcheck          disable gpg signature checking (if RPM policy allows)--color COLOR         control whether color is used--refresh             set metadata as expired before running the command-4                    resolve to IPv4 addresses only-6                    resolve to IPv6 addresses only--destdir DESTDIR, --downloaddir DESTDIRset directory to copy packages to--downloadonly        only download packages--comment COMMENT     add a comment to transaction--bugfix              Include bugfix relevant packages, in updates--enhancement         Include enhancement relevant packages, in updates--newpackage          Include newpackage relevant packages, in updates--security            Include security relevant packages, in updates--advisory ADVISORY, --advisories ADVISORYInclude packages needed to fix the given advisory, inupdates--bz BUGZILLA, --bzs BUGZILLAInclude packages needed to fix the given BZ, inupdates--cve CVES, --cves CVESInclude packages needed to fix the given CVE, inupdates--sec-severity {Critical,Important,Moderate,Low}, --secseverity {Critical,Important,Moderate,Low}Include security relevant packages matching theseverity, in updates--forcearch ARCH      Force the use of an architectureReposync command-specific options:-a [arch], --arch [arch]download only packages for this ARCH--delete              delete local packages no longer present in repository--download-metadata   download all the metadata.-g, --gpgcheck        Remove packages that fail GPG signature checking afterdownloading-m, --downloadcomps   also download and uncompress comps.xml--metadata-path METADATA_PATHwhere to store downloaded repository metadata.Defaults to the value of --download-path.-n, --newest-only     download only newest packages per-repo--norepopath          Don't add the reponame to the download path.-p DOWNLOAD_PATH, --download-path DOWNLOAD_PATHwhere to store downloaded repositories--remote-time         try to set local timestamps of local files by the oneon the server--source              operate on source packages-u, --urls            Just list urls of what would be downloaded, don'tdownload

范例：创建局域网的基于Base的私有yum源

#仓库服务器配置
[root@repo-server ~]# yum -y install httpd[root@repo-server ~]# systemctl enable --now httpd
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/httpd.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service.[root@repo-server ~]# mkdir /var/www/html/rocky/8 -pv
mkdir: created directory '/var/www/html/rocky'
mkdir: created directory '/var/www/html/rocky/8'[root@repo-server ~]# mount /dev/sr0 /mnt/
mount: /mnt: WARNING: device write-protected, mounted read-only.[root@repo-server ~]# cp -a /mnt/* /var/www/html/rocky/8#yum客户端配置
[root@repo-client ~]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/test.repo
[BaseOS]
name=BaseOS
baseurl=http://172.31.1.8/rocky/8/BaseOS
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-rockyofficial
[AppStream]
name=Appstream
baseurl=http://172.31.1.8/rocky/8/AppStream/
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-rockyofficial

范例：下载阿里云的extras源，制作私有yum源

[root@repo-client ~]# yum makecache
BaseOS                                                                                                          79 MB/s | 2.5 MB     00:00    
Appstream                                                                                                      162 MB/s | 7.1 MB     00:00    
Last metadata expiration check: 0:00:01 ago on Thu 14 Oct 2021 01:10:58 AM CST.
Metadata cache created.[root@repo-server ~]# dnf reposync --repoid=extras --download-metadata -p /var/www/html/rocky
[root@repo-server ~]# ls /var/www/html/rocky/
8  extras[root@repo-server ~]# ls /var/www/html/rocky/extras/
Packages  repodata[root@repo-client ~]# yum repolist
repo id                                                                 repo name
AppStream                                                               Appstream
BaseOS                                                                  BaseOS
[root@repo-client ~]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/test.repo
[BaseOS]
name=BaseOS
baseurl=http://172.31.1.8/rocky/8/BaseOS
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-rockyofficial
[AppStream]
name=Appstream
baseurl=http://172.31.1.8/rocky/8/AppStream/
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-rockyofficial[extras]
name=extras
baseurl=http://172.31.1.8/rocky/extras/[root@repo-client ~]# yum repolist
repo id                                                                 repo name
AppStream                                                               Appstream
BaseOS                                                                  BaseOS
extras                                                                  extras[root@repo-client ~]# yum --disablerepo=* --enablerepo=extras list available[root@repo-client ~]# yum install epel-release

范例：下载阿里云的EPEL源，制作私有yum源

[root@repo-server ~]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo 
[EPEL]
name=EPEL
baseurl=https://mirrors.nju.edu.cn/epel/$releasever/Everything/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.nju.edu.cn/epel/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-$releasever[root@repo-server ~]# dnf repolist
repo id                                                            repo name
AppStream                                                          AppStream
BaseOS                                                             BaseOS
EPEL                                                               EPEL
PowerTools                                                         PowerTools
extras                                                             extras
plus                                                               plus#下载相关仓库包和元数据
[root@repo-server ~]# dnf reposync --repoid=EPEL --download-metadata -p /var/www/html
#--download-metadata 加此选项可以下载元数据#下载相关的key文件
[root@repo-server ~]# wget -P /var/www/html/epel/ https://mirrors.nju.edu.cn/epel/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-8
#下面两个步骤只有没meta数据才需要执行
#[root@repo-server ~]# dnf -y install createrepo httpd
#[root@repo-server ~]# createrepo /var/www/html/epel/
[root@repo-server ~]# ls /var/www/html/EPEL
Packages  repodata[root@repo-client ~]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/test.repo 
[BaseOS]
name=BaseOS
baseurl=http://172.31.1.8/rocky/8/BaseOS
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-rockyofficial
[AppStream]
name=Appstream
baseurl=http://172.31.1.8/rocky/8/AppStream/
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-rockyofficial[extras]
name=extras
baseurl=http://172.31.1.8/rocky/extras/[epel]
name=epel
baseurl=http://172.31.1.8/EPEL/
gpgkey=http://172.31.1.8/EPEL/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-8[root@repo-client ~]# yum makecache
BaseOS                                                                                               543 kB/s | 3.9 kB     00:00    
Appstream                                                                                            1.8 MB/s | 4.3 kB     00:00    
extras                                                                                               1.1 MB/s | 3.5 kB     00:00    
epel                                                                                                 123 MB/s |  10 MB     00:00    
Metadata cache created.[root@repo-client ~]# dnf install openvpn

4.3.12 DNF 介绍

DNF，即DaNdiFied，是新一代的RPM软件包管理器。DNF 发行日期是2015年5月11日，DNF 包管理器采用Python 编写，发行许可为GPL v2，首先出现在Fedora 18 发行版中。在 RHEL 8.0 版本正式取代了 YUM，DNF包管理器克服了YUM包管理器的一些瓶颈，提升了包括用户体验，内存占用，依赖分析，运行速度等

配置文件：

/etc/dnf/dnf.conf

仓库文件：

/etc/yum.repos.d/ *.repo

日志：

/var/log/dnf.rpm.log
/var/log/dnf.log

DNF 使用帮助：man dnf

dnf 用法与yum一致

dnf [options] <command> [<arguments>...]
dnf --version
dnf repolist
dnf reposync
dnf install httpd
dnf remove httpd
dnf clean all
dnf makecache
dnf list installed
dnf list available
dnf search nano
dnf history undo 1

CentOS 7 使用 dnf ，下载并安装下面包

wget http://springdale.math.ias.edu/data/puias/unsupported/7/x86_64/dnf-conf-0.6.4-2.sdl7.noarch.rpm
wget http://springdale.math.ias.edu/data/puias/unsupported/7/x86_64/dnf-0.6.4-2.sdl7.noarch.rpm
wget http://springdale.math.ias.edu/data/puias/unsupported/7/x86_64/python-dnf-0.6.4-2.sdl7.noarch.rpm
wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7/extras/x86_64/Packages/python2-libcomps-0.1.8-12.el7.x86_64.rpm
wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7/extras/x86_64/Packages/libcomps-0.1.8-12.el7.x86_64.rpm

4.3.13 yum Troubleshooting

yum 和 dnf 失败最主要原因：

yum的配置文件格式或路径错误
解决方法：检查/etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo文件格式
yum cache
解决方法：yum clean all
网络不通：

解决方法：网卡配置

5.程序包编译

5.1 源码编译介绍

程序包编译安装：

源代码–>预处理–>编译–>汇编–>链接–>执行

多文件：文件中的代码之间，很可能存在跨文件依赖关系

虽然有很多开源软件将软件打成包，供人们使用，但并不是所有源代码都打成包，如果想使用开源软件，可能需要自已下载源码，进行编译安装。另外即使提供了包，但是生产中需要用于软件的某些特性，仍然需要自行编译安装。但是利用源代码编译安装是比较繁琐的，庆幸的是有相关的项目管理工具可以大大减少编译过程的复杂度

5.2 开源程序源代码的获取

项目官方自建站点：

apache.org (ASF：Apache Software Foundation)

mariadb.org
…

代码托管：
Github.com
gitee.com
SourceForge.net
code.google.com

5.3 编译源码的项目工具

C、C++的源码编译：使用 make 项目管理器
configure脚本 --> Makefile.in --> Makefile
相关开发工具：
autoconf: 生成configure脚本
automake：生成Makefile.in
java的源码编译: 使用 maven

5.4 C 语言源代码编译安装过程

利用编译工具，通常只需要三个大的步骤

./configure
(1) 通过选项传递参数，指定安装路径、启用特性等；执行时会参考用户的指定以及Makefile.in文
件生成Makefile
(2) 检查依赖到的外部环境，如依赖的软件包
make 根据Makefile文件，会检测依赖的环境，进行构建应用程序
make install 复制文件到相应路径

注意：安装前可以通过查看README，INSTALL获取帮助

5.4.1 编译安装准备

准备：安装相关的依赖包

开发工具：make, gcc (c/c++编译器GNU C Complier)
开发环境：开发库（glibc：标准库），头文件，可安装开发包组 Development Tools
软件相关依赖包

生产实践：基于最小化安装的系统建议安装下面相关包

yum -y install  gcc make autoconf gcc-c++ glibc glibc-devel pcre pcre-devel openssl  openssl-devel systemd-devel zlib-devel  vim lrzsz tree  tmux  lsof tcpdump wget  net-tools iotop bc  bzip2 zip unzip nfs-utils man-pages

5.4.2 编译安装

第一步：运行 configure 脚本，生成Makefile 文件

其选项主要功能：

可以指定安装位置
指定启用的特性

获取其支持使用的选项

./configure --help

选项分类：

安装路径设定：
–prefix=/PATH：指定默认安装位置,默认为/usr/local/
–sysconfdir=/PATH：配置文件安装位置
System types：支持交叉编译
软件特性和相关指定：
Optional Features: 可选特性
–disable-FEATURE
–enable-FEATURE[=ARG]
Optional Packages: 可选包
–with-PACKAGE[=ARG] 依赖包
–without-PACKAGE 禁用依赖关系

注意：通常被编译操作依赖的程序包，需要安装此程序包的“开发”组件，其包名一般类似于namedevel-VERSION

第二步：make

第三步：make install

5.4.3 安装后的配置

二进制程序目录导入至PATH环境变量中
编辑文件/etc/profile.d/NAME.sh

export PATH=/PATH/TO/BIN:$PATH

相关用户及文件
有些开源软件编译完成后，还需要创建相关的用户及文件

5.4.4 编译安装实战案例

5.4.4.1 官网下载并编译安装新版 tree

http://mama.indstate.edu/users/ice/tree/

范例：CentOS 7 编译安装 tree1.8

#下载源码并解压
[root@centos7 ~]# wget http://mama.indstate.edu/users/ice/tree/src/tree-1.8.0.tgz -P /usr/local/src[root@centos7 ~]# cd /usr/local/src/
[root@centos7 src]# tar xf tree-1.8.0.tgz 
[root@centos7 src]# cd tree-1.8.0
[root@centos7 tree-1.8.0]# ls
CHANGES  color.c  doc  file.c  hash.c  html.c  INSTALL  json.c  LICENSE  Makefile  README  strverscmp.c  TODO  tree.c  tree.h  unix.c  xml.c[root@centos7 tree-1.8.0]# vim Makefile
#修改这项，安装目录
prefix = /apps/tree#修改版本
[root@centos7 tree-1.8.0]# grep "1.8.0" tree.c
static char *version ="$Version: $ tree v1.8.0 (c) 1996 - 2018 by Steve Baker, Thomas Moore, Francesc Rocher, Florian Sesser, Kyosuke Tokoro $";
static char *hversion="\t\t tree v1.8.0 %s 1996 - 2018 by Steve Baker and Thomas Moore <br>\n"
[root@centos7 tree-1.8.0]#  sed -i 's#v1\.8\.0#v8.8.8#' tree.c
[root@centos7 tree-1.8.0]# grep "1.8.0" tree.c
[root@centos7 tree-1.8.0]# grep "8.8.8" tree.c
static char *version ="$Version: $ tree v8.8.8 (c) 1996 - 2018 by Steve Baker, Thomas Moore, Francesc Rocher, Florian Sesser, Kyosuke Tokoro $";
static char *hversion="\t\t tree v8.8.8 %s 1996 - 2018 by Steve Baker and Thomas Moore <br>\n"[root@centos7 tree-1.8.0]# make
gcc -ggdb -pedantic -Wall -DLINUX -D_LARGEFILE64_SOURCE -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -c -o tree.o tree.c
make: gcc: Command not found
make: *** [tree.o] Error 127
#提示没有安装gcc[root@centos7 tree-1.8.0]# yum -y install gcc[root@centos7 tree-1.8.0]# make -j 2[root@centos7 tree-1.8.0]# make install
install -d /apps/tree/bin
install -d /apps/tree/man/man1
if [ -e tree ]; then \install tree /apps/tree/bin/tree; \
fi
install doc/tree.1 /apps/tree/man/man1/tree.1[root@centos7 tree-1.8.0]# tree
-bash: tree: command not found[root@centos7 tree-1.8.0]# echo 'PATH=/apps/tree/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/tree.sh
[root@centos7 tree-1.8.0]# . /etc/profile.d/tree.sh 
[root@centos7 tree-1.8.0]# tree
.
├── CHANGES
├── color.c
├── color.o
├── doc
│   ├── tree.1
│   ├── tree.1.fr
│   └── xml.dtd
├── file.c
├── file.o
├── hash.c
├── hash.o
├── html.c
├── html.o
├── INSTALL
├── json.c
├── json.o
├── LICENSE
├── Makefile
├── README
├── strverscmp.c
├── TODO
├── tree
├── tree.c
├── tree.h
├── tree.o
├── unix.c
├── unix.o
├── xml.c
└── xml.o1 directory, 28 files[root@centos7 tree-1.8.0]# tree --version
tree v8.8.8 (c) 1996 - 2018 by Steve Baker, Thomas Moore, Francesc Rocher, Florian Sesser, Kyosuke Tokoro [root@centos7 tree-1.8.0]# man tree[root@centos7 tree-1.8.0]# tree /apps/tree/
/apps/tree/
├── bin
│   └── tree
└── man└── man1└── tree.13 directories, 2 files

5.4.4.2 编译安装 cmatrix

https://github.com/abishekvashok/cmatrix

范例：CentOS 8 编译安装 cmatrix

[root@rocky8 ~]# wget https://github.com/abishekvashok/cmatrix/releases/download/v2.0/cmatrix-v2.0-Butterscotch.tar -P /usr/local/src[root@rocky8 ~]# cd /usr/local/src/
[root@rocky8 src]# ls
cmatrix-v2.0-Butterscotch.tar
[root@rocky8 src]# tar xf cmatrix-v2.0-Butterscotch.tar 
[root@rocky8 src]# cd cmatrix
[root@rocky8 cmatrix]# ls
aclocal.m4      cmatrix       cmatrix.spec.in     config.h.in~   CONTRIBUTING.md  install-sh         matrix.fnt     README
AUTHORS         cmatrix.1     CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md  config.log     COPYING          ISSUE_TEMPLATE.md  matrix.psf.gz  README.md
autom4te.cache  cmatrix.c     compile             config.status  data             Makefile           missing        stamp-h1
ChangeLog       cmatrix.o     config.h            configure      depcomp          Makefile.am        mtx.pcf        takeScreenshots
CMakeLists.txt  cmatrix.spec  config.h.in         configure.ac   INSTALL          Makefile.in        NEWS[root@rocky8 cmatrix]# ./configure --prefix=/apps/cmatrix
checking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -c
checking whether build environment is sane... yes
checking for a thread-safe mkdir -p... /usr/bin/mkdir -p
checking for gawk... gawk
checking whether make sets $(MAKE)... yes
checking whether make supports nested variables... yes
checking for gcc... no
checking for cc... no
checking for cl.exe... no
configure: error: in `/usr/local/src/cmatrix':
configure: error: no acceptable C compiler found in $PATH
See `config.log' for more details
#提示没有安装gcc[root@rocky8 cmatrix]# dnf -y install gcc[root@rocky8 cmatrix]# ./configure --prefix=/apps/cmatrix[root@rocky8 cmatrix]# make
(CDPATH="${ZSH_VERSION+.}:" && cd . && /bin/sh /usr/local/src/cmatrix/missing autoheader)
/usr/local/src/cmatrix/missing: line 81: autoheader: command not found
WARNING: 'autoheader' is missing on your system.You should only need it if you modified 'acconfig.h' or'configure.ac' or m4 files included by 'configure.ac'.The 'autoheader' program is part of the GNU Autoconf package:<https://www.gnu.org/software/autoconf/>It also requires GNU m4 and Perl in order to run:<https://www.gnu.org/software/m4/><https://www.perl.org/>
make: *** [Makefile:363: config.h.in] Error 127
#autoheader  提示没有装这个包[root@rocky8 cmatrix]# dnf provides autoheader
Last metadata expiration check: 0:08:19 ago on Thu 14 Oct 2021 03:56:52 PM CST.
autoconf-2.69-27.el8.noarch : A GNU tool for automatically configuring source code
Repo        : AppStream
Matched from:
Filename    : /usr/bin/autoheader[root@rocky8 cmatrix]# dnf -y install autoconf[root@rocky8 cmatrix]# make
(CDPATH="${ZSH_VERSION+.}:" && cd . && /bin/sh /usr/local/src/cmatrix/missing autoheader)
rm -f stamp-h1
touch config.h.in
cd . && /bin/sh ./config.status config.h
config.status: creating config.h
config.status: config.h is unchanged
make  all-am
make[1]: Entering directory '/usr/local/src/cmatrix'
gcc -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I.     -g -O2 -MT cmatrix.o -MD -MP -MF .deps/cmatrix.Tpo -c -o cmatrix.o cmatrix.c
cmatrix.c:43:10: fatal error: curses.h: No such file or directory#include <curses.h>^~~~~~~~~~
compilation terminated.
make[1]: *** [Makefile:433: cmatrix.o] Error 1
make[1]: Leaving directory '/usr/local/src/cmatrix'
make: *** [Makefile:317: all] Error 2
# curses.h  提示没有这个文件[root@rocky8 cmatrix]# dnf provides *curses.h*
...
ncurses-devel-6.1-7.20180224.el8.1.i686 : Development files for the ncurses library
Repo        : BaseOS
Matched from:
Other       : *curses.h*ncurses-devel-6.1-7.20180224.el8.1.x86_64 : Development files for the ncurses library
Repo        : BaseOS
Matched from:
Other       : *curses.h*notcurses-devel-2.4.3-2.el8.x86_64 : Development files for the Notcurses library
Repo        : EPEL
Matched from:
Other       : *curses.h*[root@rocky8 cmatrix]# dnf -y install ncurses-devel[root@rocky8 cmatrix]# make
...
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
make[1]: *** [Makefile:416: cmatrix] Error 1
make[1]: Leaving directory '/usr/local/src/cmatrix'
make: *** [Makefile:317: all] Error 2
#出现这种错误，可能是先configure  再make，把文件删了 重新configure[root@rocky8 cmatrix]# cd ..
[root@rocky8 src]# rm -rf cmatrix
[root@rocky8 src]# tar xf cmatrix-v2.0-Butterscotch.tar 
[root@rocky8 src]# cd cmatrix[root@rocky8 cmatrix]# ./configure --prefix=/apps/cmatrix
[root@rocky8 cmatrix]# make -j 2
[root@rocky8 cmatrix]# make install
make[1]: Entering directory '/usr/local/src/cmatrix'/usr/bin/mkdir -p '/apps/cmatrix/bin'/usr/bin/install -c cmatrix '/apps/cmatrix/bin'Installing matrix fonts in /usr/lib/kbd/consolefonts.../usr/bin/mkdir -p '/apps/cmatrix/share/man/man1'/usr/bin/install -c -m 644 cmatrix.1 '/apps/cmatrix/share/man/man1'
make[1]: Leaving directory '/usr/local/src/cmatrix'
#安装完成[root@rocky8 cmatrix]# tree /apps/cmatrix/
/apps/cmatrix/
├── bin
│   └── cmatrix
└── share└── man└── man1└── cmatrix.14 directories, 2 files[root@rocky8 cmatrix]# echo 'PATH=/apps/cmatrix/bin/:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/cmatrix.sh
[root@rocky8 cmatrix]# . /etc/profile.d/cmatrix.sh[root@rocky8 cmatrix]# cmatrix[root@rocky8 cmatrix]# cmatrix --helpUsage: cmatrix -[abBcfhlsmVx] [-u delay] [-C color]-a: Asynchronous scroll-b: Bold characters on-B: All bold characters (overrides -b)-c: Use Japanese characters as seen in the original matrix. Requires appropriate fonts-f: Force the linux $TERM type to be on-l: Linux mode (uses matrix console font)-L: Lock mode (can be closed from another terminal)-o: Use old-style scrolling-h: Print usage and exit-n: No bold characters (overrides -b and -B, default)-s: "Screensaver" mode, exits on first keystroke-x: X window mode, use if your xterm is using mtx.pcf-V: Print version information and exit-u delay (0 - 10, default 4): Screen update delay-C [color]: Use this color for matrix (default green)-r: rainbow mode-m: lambda mode[root@rocky8 cmatrix]# cmatrix -C red
#设置颜色[root@rocky8 cmatrix]# cmatrix -r

5.4.4.3 编译安装 httpd 2.4

http://httpd.apache.org/

范例：centos8 编译安装 httpd-2.4.51

[root@rocky8 ~]# wget https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/apache/httpd/httpd-2.4.51.tar.gz -P /usr/local/src[root@rocky8 src]# tar xf httpd-2.4.51.tar.gz [root@rocky8 src]# cd httpd-2.4.51[root@rocky8 httpd-2.4.51]# cat README
#README  告诉你软件怎么用的[root@rocky8 httpd-2.4.51]# cat INSTALL
#INSTALL  安装方法[root@rocky8 httpd-2.4.51]# ./configure --prefix=/apps/httpd --enable-ssl
checking for chosen layout... Apache
checking for working mkdir -p... yes
checking for grep that handles long lines and -e... /usr/bin/grep
checking for egrep... /usr/bin/grep -E
checking build system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
checking host system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
checking target system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
configure: 
configure: Configuring Apache Portable Runtime library...
configure: 
checking for APR... no
configure: error: APR not found.  Please read the documentation.
#提示缺失 APR[root@rocky8 httpd-2.4.51]# dnf -y install apr-devel
[root@rocky8 httpd-2.4.51]# ./configure --prefix=/apps/httpd --enable-ssl
checking for chosen layout... Apache
checking for working mkdir -p... yes
checking for grep that handles long lines and -e... /usr/bin/grep
checking for egrep... /usr/bin/grep -E
checking build system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
checking host system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
checking target system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
configure: 
configure: Configuring Apache Portable Runtime library...
configure: 
checking for APR... yessetting CC to "gcc"setting CPP to "gcc -E"setting CFLAGS to "  -pthread"setting CPPFLAGS to " -DLINUX -D_REENTRANT -D_GNU_SOURCE"setting LDFLAGS to " "
configure: 
configure: Configuring Apache Portable Runtime Utility library...
configure: 
checking for APR-util... no
configure: error: APR-util not found.  Please read the documentation.
#提示缺少 APR-util[root@rocky8 httpd-2.4.51]# dnf -y install apr-util-devel
[root@rocky8 httpd-2.4.51]# ./configure --prefix=/apps/httpd --enable-ssl
checking for chosen layout... Apache
checking for working mkdir -p... yes
checking for grep that handles long lines and -e... /usr/bin/grep
checking for egrep... /usr/bin/grep -E
checking build system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
checking host system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
checking target system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
configure: 
configure: Configuring Apache Portable Runtime library...
configure: 
checking for APR... yessetting CC to "gcc"setting CPP to "gcc -E"setting CFLAGS to "  -pthread"setting CPPFLAGS to " -DLINUX -D_REENTRANT -D_GNU_SOURCE"setting LDFLAGS to " "
configure: 
configure: Configuring Apache Portable Runtime Utility library...
configure: 
checking for APR-util... yes
checking for gcc... gcc
checking whether the C compiler works... yes
checking for C compiler default output file name... a.out
checking for suffix of executables... 
checking whether we are cross compiling... no
checking for suffix of object files... o
checking whether we are using the GNU C compiler... yes
checking whether gcc accepts -g... yes
checking for gcc option to accept ISO C89... none needed
checking how to run the C preprocessor... gcc -E
checking for gcc option to accept ISO C99... none needed
checking for pcre-config... false
configure: error: pcre-config for libpcre not found. PCRE is required and available from http://pcre.org/
#提示缺少 PCRE[root@rocky8 httpd-2.4.51]# dnf -y install pcre-devel[root@rocky8 httpd-2.4.51]# ./configure --prefix=/apps/httpd --enable-ssl
...
checking whether to enable mod_slotmem_plain... no
checking whether to enable mod_ssl... checking dependencies
checking for OpenSSL... checking for user-provided OpenSSL base directory... none
checking for OpenSSL version >= 0.9.8a... FAILED
configure: WARNING: OpenSSL version is too old
no
checking whether to enable mod_ssl... configure: error: mod_ssl has been requested but can not be built due to prerequisite failures
#提示缺少 mod-ssl，这就是openssl[root@rocky8 httpd-2.4.51]# dnf -y install openssl-devel[root@rocky8 httpd-2.4.51]# ./configure --prefix=/apps/httpd --enable-ssl
[root@rocky8 httpd-2.4.51]# make -j 2 && make install
...
gcc: error: /usr/lib/rpm/redhat/redhat-hardened-ld: No such file or directory
make[4]: *** [/usr/local/src/httpd-2.4.51/modules/aaa/modules.mk:2: mod_authn_file.la] Error 1
make[4]: *** Waiting for unfinished jobs....
gcc: error: /usr/lib/rpm/redhat/redhat-hardened-ld: No such file or directory
make[4]: *** [/usr/local/src/httpd-2.4.51/modules/aaa/modules.mk:4: mod_authn_dbm.la] Error 1
make[4]: Leaving directory '/usr/local/src/httpd-2.4.51/modules/aaa'
make[3]: *** [/usr/local/src/httpd-2.4.51/build/rules.mk:117: shared-build-recursive] Error 1
make[3]: Leaving directory '/usr/local/src/httpd-2.4.51/modules/aaa'
make[2]: *** [/usr/local/src/httpd-2.4.51/build/rules.mk:117: shared-build-recursive] Error 1
make[2]: Leaving directory '/usr/local/src/httpd-2.4.51/modules'
make[1]: *** [/usr/local/src/httpd-2.4.51/build/rules.mk:117: shared-build-recursive] Error 1
make[1]: Leaving directory '/usr/local/src/httpd-2.4.51'
make: *** [/usr/local/src/httpd-2.4.51/build/rules.mk:75: all-recursive] Error 1
#提示 缺少redhat/redhat-hardened-ld文件[root@rocky8 httpd-2.4.51]# yum provides *redhat-hardened-ld*
Last metadata expiration check: 0:08:25 ago on Thu 14 Oct 2021 04:26:51 PM CST.
redhat-rpm-config-125-1.el8.noarch : Rocky specific rpm configuration files
Repo        : AppStream
Matched from:
Other       : *redhat-hardened-ld*[root@rocky8 httpd-2.4.51]# dnf -y install redhat-rpm-config
[root@rocky8 httpd-2.4.51]# make -j 2 && make install
[root@rocky8 httpd-2.4.51]# /apps/httpd/bin/apachectl start #启动程序
AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using fe80::20c:29ff:fef9:6ad1. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
[root@rocky8 httpd-2.4.51]# ss -ntl
State           Recv-Q           Send-Q                     Local Address:Port                     Peer Address:Port          Process          
LISTEN          0                128                              0.0.0.0:22                            0.0.0.0:*                              
LISTEN          0                128                                    *:80                                  *:*                              
LISTEN          0                128                                 [::]:22                               [::]:*

在这里插入图片描述

[root@rocky8 httpd-2.4.51]# echo 'PATH=/apps/httpd/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/httpd.sh
[root@rocky8 httpd-2.4.51]# . /etc/profile.d/httpd.sh
[root@rocky8 httpd-2.4.51]# apachectl stop #关闭服务
AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using fe80::20c:29ff:fef9:6ad1. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
[root@rocky8 httpd-2.4.51]# apachectl #启动服务
AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using fe80::20c:29ff:fef9:6ad1. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message[root@rocky8 httpd-2.4.51]# ps aux |grep httpd
root       46550  0.0  0.6 119012  5420 ?        Ss   16:42   0:00 /apps/httpd/bin/httpd
daemon     46551  0.0  0.9 880884  7636 ?        Sl   16:42   0:00 /apps/httpd/bin/httpd
daemon     46552  0.0  0.9 880884  7636 ?        Sl   16:42   0:00 /apps/httpd/bin/httpd
daemon     46553  0.0  0.9 880884  7636 ?        Sl   16:42   0:00 /apps/httpd/bin/httpd
root       46636  0.0  0.1  12136  1172 pts/0    R+   16:42   0:00 grep --color=auto httpd
#程序还以daemon 身份运行[root@rocky8 httpd-2.4.51]# useradd -r -s /sbin/nologin apache
[root@rocky8 httpd-2.4.51]# vim /apps/httpd/conf/httpd.conf 
#把下面两行
User daemon   
Group daemon
#改成下面内容
User apache
Group apache [root@rocky8 httpd-2.4.51]# apachectl restart #重新启动服务
AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using fe80::20c:29ff:fef9:6ad1. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
#提示ServerName没修改[root@rocky8 httpd-2.4.51]# vim /apps/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
ServerName 172.31.1.8:80 [root@rocky8 httpd-2.4.51]# apachectl restart
#现在就没提示了[root@rocky8 httpd-2.4.51]# ps aux |grep httpd
root       46550  0.0  0.7 119012  5788 ?        Ss   16:42   0:00 /apps/httpd/bin/httpd
apache     47174  0.0  0.9 880884  7272 ?        Sl   16:46   0:00 /apps/httpd/bin/httpd
apache     47175  0.0  0.9 880884  7272 ?        Sl   16:46   0:00 /apps/httpd/bin/httpd
apache     47176  0.0  0.9 880884  7272 ?        Sl   16:46   0:00 /apps/httpd/bin/httpd
root       47259  0.0  0.1  12136  1160 pts/0    R+   16:47   0:00 grep --color=auto httpdroot@ubuntu1804:~# apt -y install apache2
#ubuntu  上软件包是apache2

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29.第八章软件包管理(三)

4.3.11 实现私用 yum仓库

4.3.12 DNF 介绍

4.3.13 yum Troubleshooting

5.程序包编译

5.1 源码编译介绍

5.2 开源程序源代码的获取

5.3 编译源码的项目工具

5.4 C 语言源代码编译安装过程

5.4.1 编译安装准备

5.4.2 编译安装

5.4.3 安装后的配置

5.4.4 编译安装实战案例

5.4.4.1 官网下载并编译安装新版 tree

5.4.4.2 编译安装 cmatrix

5.4.4.3 编译安装 httpd 2.4

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29.第八章 软件包管理(三)

4.3.11 实现私用 yum仓库

4.3.12 DNF 介绍

4.3.13 yum Troubleshooting

5.程序包编译

5.1 源码编译介绍

5.2 开源程序源代码的获取

5.3 编译源码的项目工具

5.4 C 语言源代码编译安装过程

5.4.1 编译安装准备

5.4.2 编译安装

5.4.3 安装后的配置

5.4.4 编译安装实战案例

5.4.4.1 官网下载并编译安装新版 tree

5.4.4.2 编译安装 cmatrix

5.4.4.3 编译安装 httpd 2.4

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29.第八章软件包管理(三)