>>> T = (1,2,3,4)
>>> len(T)
4
>>> T + (7,8,9)
(1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9)
>>> T[0]
1
>>> T[:-1]
(1, 2, 3)

>>> T = (4)
>>> T
4
>>> T1 = (4,)
>>> T1
(4,)

>>> T2 = 0,'Ni',1.2,3
>>> T2
(0, 'Ni', 1.2, 3)

>>> T.index(4)
3
>>> T.count(4)
1

>>> T = ('spam',3.0, [11,22,33])
>>> T[1]
3.0
>>> T[2][1]
22
>>> T.append(4)
Traceback (most recent call last):File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
AttributeError: 'tuple' object has no attribute 'append'

>>> f = open('data.txt','w')
>>> f.write('Hello\n')
6
>>> f.close()
>>> f = open('data.txt')
>>> text = f.read()
>>> text
'Hello\n'
>>> print(text)
Hello>>> text.split()
['Hello']

>>> L = [None]*10
>>> if type(L) == type([]):
...     print('yes')
...
yes
>>> if type(L) == list:
...     print('yes')
...
yes
>>> if isinstance(L,list):
...     print('yes')
...
yes

>>> myfile  = open('myfile.txt','w')
>>> myfile.write('hello text file\ngoodbye text file\n')
34
>>> myfile.close()
>>> for line in open('myfile.txt'):
...     print(line, end = '')
...
hello text file
goodbye text file

>>> X,Y,Z = 43,44, 45
>>> S = 'spam'
>>> D = {'a':1, 'b': 2}
>>> L = [1,2,3]
>>> F = open('datafile.txt','w')
>>> F.write(S + '\n')
5
>>> F.write('%s,%s,%s\n' %(X,Y,Z))
9
>>> F.write(str(L) + '$'+ str(D) +'\n' )
27
>>> F.close()
>>> chars  = open('datafile.txt').read()
>>> chars
"spam\n43,44,45\n[1, 2, 3]${'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n"
>>> print(chars)
spam
43,44,45
[1, 2, 3]${'a': 1, 'b': 2}>>>

>>> F = open('datafile.txt')
>>> S = F.readline().rstrip()        # 读取包含字符串的行，并用rstrip方法去掉多余的行终止符
>>> S
'spam'
>>> line = F.readline()            # 读取包含数字的行
>>> line
'43,44,45\n'
>>> parts = line.split(',')        # 用split方法将字符串从逗号处分开成列表
>>> parts
['43', '44', '45\n']
>>> numbers = [int(P) for P in parts]     # int和一些其他转换方法会忽略数字旁边的空白
>>> numbers
[43, 44, 45]
>>> parts = F.readline().split('$')        
>>> parts
['[1, 2, 3]', "{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n"]
>>> eval(parts[0])                        # eval会将字符串解释为含有python表达式的字符串
[1, 2, 3]
>>> objects = [eval(P) for P in parts]
>>> objects
[[1, 2, 3], {'a': 1, 'b': 2}]

>>> D = {'a':1, 'b':2}
>>> F = open('datafile.pkl','wb')
>>> import pickle
>>> pickle.dump(D,F)
>>> F.close()
>>> F = open('datafile.plk','rb')
>>> E = pickle.load(F)
>>> E
{'a': 1, 'b': 2}

>>> F = open('data.bin','wb')
>>> import struct
>>> data = struct.pack('>i4sh', 7, 'spam', 8)
>>> data
'\x00\x00\x00\x07spam\x00\x08'
>>> F.write(data)
>>> F.close()
>>> F = open('data.bin','rb')
>>> data = F.read()
>>> data
'\x00\x00\x00\x07spam\x00\x08'
>>> values = struct.unpack('>i4sh',data)
>>> values
(7, 'spam', 8)

>>> class Worker:
...     def _init_(self, name, pay):
...             self.name = name
...             self.pay = pay
...     def lastname(self):
...             return  self.name.split()[-1]