3D 游戏编程 ｜ 游戏对象与图形基础 - 作业

作业内容

1、基本操作演练

下载 Fantasy Skybox FREE， 构建自己的游戏场景

• 在 Asset Store 中搜索 Fantasy Skybox，并下载

  

• 把所需要的贴图放入Assert中，创建一个Material，并将Shader的值改为Skybox/6 Sided，把天空盒每个面的贴图都贴上去，创建一个Terrain，然后可在Inspector面板上对地形进行修改。

• 制作好地表的形状后，添加草地，树木等资源。最后，将调整摄像机调整到合适的位置，制作完成。

  

写一个简单的总结，总结游戏对象的使用

• 一个游戏对象其实只是一个容器，它只有一些基础的属性，剩下的还得自己通过添加组件来构建它。我们可以给它们添加C# script，写出各种方法来定义它的行为和属性，控制它的动作，然后我们还可以给它们添加纹理，给他们各种外观，我们还可以添加其他组件来定义它的属性、行为，达到各种效果。游戏对象是由它拥有的组件来决定它的功能的。
• 最常见的游戏对象就是角色、地形等的实例游戏对象，对这类游戏对象，常见操作有对象的移动、实例化预设加载游戏对象、挂载脚本、设置对象形状属性、添加删改组件等，这是我们游戏过程中最直接操作和接触的游戏对象。
• 更改对象的属性可以实现各种效果。通过transform的position属性可以很轻松地对对象的位置进行修改，产生移动的效果。通过对象的transform.parent可以组织对象之间的上下关系，可以比较方便地进行各种操作。

2、编程实践 - 牧师与魔鬼 动作分离版

要求

设计一个裁判类，当游戏达到结束条件时，通知场景控制器游戏结束

设计

• UML 图

  

• 裁判 - JudgeController

  裁判类将原来FirstController中的check函数抽离出来，专门做游戏状态的检测，在游戏结束时通过回调通知FirstController场记

  public class JudgeController : MonoBehaviour
  {public FirstController mainController;public Shore leftShoreModel;public Shore rightShoreModel;public Boat boatModel;// Start is called before the first frame updatevoid Start(){mainController = (FirstController)SSDirector.GetInstance().CurrentSceneController;this.leftShoreModel = mainController.leftShoreController.GetShore();this.rightShoreModel = mainController.rightShoreController.GetShore();this.boatModel = mainController.boatController.GetBoatModel();}// Update is called once per framevoid Update(){if (!mainController.isRunning)return;if (mainController.time <= 0){mainController.JudgeCallback(false, "Game Over!");return;}this.gameObject.GetComponent<UserGUI>().gameMessage = "";//判断是否已经胜利if (rightShoreModel.priestCount == 3){mainController.JudgeCallback(false, "You Win!");return;}else{int leftPriestNum, leftDevilNum, rightPriestNum, rightDevilNum;leftPriestNum = leftShoreModel.priestCount + (boatModel.isRight ? 0 : boatModel.priestCount);leftDevilNum = leftShoreModel.devilCount + (boatModel.isRight ? 0 : boatModel.devilCount);if (leftPriestNum != 0 && leftPriestNum < leftDevilNum){mainController.JudgeCallback(false, "Game Over!");return;}rightPriestNum = rightShoreModel.priestCount + (boatModel.isRight ? boatModel.priestCount : 0);rightDevilNum = rightShoreModel.devilCount + (boatModel.isRight ? boatModel.devilCount : 0);if (rightPriestNum != 0 && rightPriestNum < rightDevilNum){mainController.JudgeCallback(false, "Game Over!");return;}}}
  }

• 动作基类 - SSAction

  创建了动作的基本元素，继承ScriptableObject类，不需要绑定具体的游戏对象，参考了老师给出的SSAction。代码如下

  public class SSAction : ScriptableObject
  {public bool enable = true;public bool destroy = false;public GameObject gameobject { get; set; }public Transform transform { get; set; }public ISSActionCallback callback { get; set; }protected SSAction() { }public virtual void Start(){throw new System.NotImplementedException();}public virtual void Update(){throw new System.NotImplementedException();}
  }
  

• 动作事件基本类型 - SSActionEventType

  SSActionEventType 是一个枚举型，ISSActionCallback 是一个接口，其中定义了函数SSActionEvent。代码如下

  public enum SSActionEventType : int { Started, Competeted }public interface ISSActionCallback
  {void SSActionEvent(SSAction source, SSActionEventType events = SSActionEventType.Competeted,int intParam = 0, string strParam = null, Object objectParam = null);
  }
  

• 动作管理基类 - SSActionManager

  在 Action 队列中有等待处理的事件，以及处理完毕之后等待删除的事件。RunAction 函数接收GameObject、SSAction 的实例和 ISSActionCallback 的回调接口，将等待处理的游戏对象加入到队列中，用SSAction来处理事件。AddAction 可以将游戏对象和动作绑定，并实现动作的自动回收。代码如下

  public class SSActionManager : MonoBehaviour
  {private Dictionary<int, SSAction> actions = new Dictionary<int, SSAction>();private List<SSAction> waitingAdd = new List<SSAction>();private List<int> waitingDelete = new List<int>();// Use this for initializationvoid Start(){}// Update is called once per frameprotected void Update(){foreach (SSAction ac in waitingAdd)actions[ac.GetInstanceID()] = ac;waitingAdd.Clear();foreach (KeyValuePair<int, SSAction> kv in actions){SSAction ac = kv.Value;if (ac.destroy){waitingDelete.Add(ac.GetInstanceID());}else if (ac.enable){ac.Update();}}foreach (int key in waitingDelete){SSAction ac = actions[key]; actions.Remove(key); DestroyObject(ac);}waitingDelete.Clear();}public void RunAction(GameObject gameobject, SSAction action, ISSActionCallback manager){action.gameobject = gameobject;action.transform = gameobject.transform;action.callback = manager;waitingAdd.Add(action);action.Start();}
  }
  

• 游戏事件控制 CCActionManager

  CCActionManager是对具体游戏事件的控制，其中包含三个方法：Start()，Update()，和SSActionEvent()。Start() 方法中用于将 SSDirector 实例化，Update() 方法中用于实现具体的游戏事件，SSActionEvent() 方法则是接口 ISSActionCallback 中的。 之后的具体动作将继承 SSActionManager 并作为类中的一个对象从而管理动作。代码如下

  public class CCActionManager : SSActionManager, ISSActionCallback
  {public GenGameObject sceneController;public CCGetOnTheBoat getonA;public CCGetOffBoat getoffB;public CCBoatMoving boatmovingC;// Use this for initializationprotected void Start(){sceneController = (GenGameObject)SSDirector.getInstance().currentScenceController;sceneController.actionManager = this;}// Update is called once per frameprotected new void Update(){if (Input.GetMouseButtonDown(0) && sceneController.game == 0){Ray ray = Camera.main.ScreenPointToRay(Input.mousePosition);RaycastHit hit;if (Physics.Raycast(ray, out hit)){if (hit.transform.tag == "Devil" || hit.transform.tag == "Priest"){if (hit.collider.gameObject == sceneController.boat[0] || hit.collider.gameObject == sceneController.boat[1]){if (hit.collider.gameObject == sceneController.boat[0]){getoffB = CCGetOffBoat.GetSSAction(0);this.RunAction(hit.collider.gameObject, getoffB, this);}else{getoffB = CCGetOffBoat.GetSSAction(1);this.RunAction(hit.collider.gameObject, getoffB, this);}}else{getonA = CCGetOnTheBoat.GetSSAction();this.RunAction(hit.collider.gameObject, getonA, this);}}else if (hit.transform.tag == "Boat" && sceneController.boatCapacity != 2){print(hit.transform.tag);boatmovingC = CCBoatMoving.GetSSAction();this.RunAction(hit.collider.gameObject, boatmovingC, this);}}}base.Update();}public void SSActionEvent(SSAction source, SSActionEventType events = SSActionEventType.Competeted,int intParam = 0, string strParam = null, Object objectParam = null){//}
  }
  

  下面三个具体的类全都继承 SSAction 类，也同时在 Start() 函数中实例化了 SSDirector，在Update 中各自实现自身的个性化。

• 船移动游戏事件控制 - CCBoatMoving

  船移动的具体方法，继承SSAction，将GenGameObject作为其中一个对象。代码如下

  public class CCBoatMoving : SSAction
  {public GenGameObject sceneController;public static CCBoatMoving GetSSAction(){CCBoatMoving action = ScriptableObject.CreateInstance<CCBoatMoving>();return action;}// Use this for initializationpublic override void Start(){sceneController = (GenGameObject)SSDirector.getInstance().currentScenceController;}// Update is called once per framepublic override void Update(){if (sceneController.boat_position == 1){sceneController.boat_position = 0;while (this.transform.position != sceneController.boatStartPos)this.transform.position = Vector3.MoveTowards(this.transform.position, sceneController.boatStartPos, 1);}else if (sceneController.boat_position == 0){sceneController.boat_position = 1;while (this.transform.position != sceneController.boatEndPos)this.transform.position = Vector3.MoveTowards(this.transform.position, sceneController.boatEndPos, 1);}sceneController.check();this.destroy = true;this.callback.SSActionEvent(this);}
  }
  

• 下船游戏事件控制 - CCGetOffBoat

  牧师或魔鬼对象下船的具体方法，继承SSAction。代码如下

  public class CCGetOffBoat : SSAction
  {public int side;public GenGameObject sceneController;public static CCGetOffBoat GetSSAction(int side){CCGetOffBoat action = ScriptableObject.CreateInstance<CCGetOffBoat>();action.side = side;return action;}// Use this for initializationpublic override void Start(){sceneController = (GenGameObject)SSDirector.getInstance().currentScenceController;}// Update is called once per framepublic override void Update(){if (sceneController.boat[side] != null){sceneController.boat[side].transform.parent = null;if (sceneController.boat_position == 1){if (sceneController.boat[side].transform.tag == "Priest"){for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++){if (sceneController.priests_end[i] == null){sceneController.priests_end[i] = sceneController.boat[side];sceneController.boatCapacity++;break;}}}else if (sceneController.boat[side].transform.tag == "Devil"){for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++){if (sceneController.devils_end[i] == null){sceneController.devils_end[i] = sceneController.boat[side];sceneController.boatCapacity++;break;}}}}else if (sceneController.boat_position == 0){if (sceneController.boat[side].transform.tag == "Priest"){for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++){if (sceneController.priests_start[i] == null){sceneController.priests_start[i] = sceneController.boat[side];sceneController.boatCapacity++;break;}}}else if (sceneController.boat[side].transform.tag == "Devil"){for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++){if (sceneController.devils_start[i] == null){sceneController.devils_start[i] = sceneController.boat[side];sceneController.boatCapacity++;break;}}}}sceneController.boat[side] = null;}sceneController.check();this.destroy = true;this.callback.SSActionEvent(this);}
  }
  

• 上船游戏事件控制 - CCGetOnTheBoat

  牧师或魔鬼对象上船的具体方法，继承SSAction，其中的对象有GameObject型接收具体作用的游戏对象。代码如下

  public class CCGetOnTheBoat : SSAction
  {public GenGameObject sceneController;public static CCGetOnTheBoat GetSSAction(){CCGetOnTheBoat action = ScriptableObject.CreateInstance<CCGetOnTheBoat>();return action;}// Use this for initializationpublic override void Start(){sceneController = (GenGameObject)SSDirector.getInstance().currentScenceController;}// Update is called once per framepublic override void Update(){if (sceneController.boatCapacity != 0){if (sceneController.boat_position == 0){for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++){if (sceneController.devils_start[i] == gameobject){sceneController.devils_start[i] = null;sceneController.find = 1;}if (sceneController.priests_start[i] == gameobject){sceneController.priests_start[i] = null;sceneController.find = 1;}}}else if (sceneController.boat_position == 1){for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++){if (sceneController.devils_end[i] == gameobject){sceneController.devils_end[i] = null;sceneController.find = 1;}if (sceneController.priests_end[i] == gameobject){sceneController.priests_end[i] = null;sceneController.find = 1;}}}if (sceneController.find == 1)gameobject.transform.parent = sceneController.boat_obj.transform;if (sceneController.boat[0] == null && sceneController.find == 1){sceneController.boat[0] = gameobject;sceneController.boat[0].transform.tag = gameobject.transform.tag;sceneController.boatCapacity--;this.transform.localPosition = new Vector3(0, 1.2f, 0.19f);}else if (sceneController.boat[1] == null && sceneController.find == 1){sceneController.boat[1] = gameobject;sceneController.boat[1].transform.tag = gameobject.transform.tag;sceneController.boatCapacity--;this.transform.localPosition = new Vector3(0, 1.2f, -0.12f);}}sceneController.find = 0;this.destroy = true;this.callback.SSActionEvent(this);}
  }
  

• 点击事件脚本、用户GUI脚本和加载资源与普通版本的恶魔与牧师相同。

• 运行游戏