接上一节：游戏角色动画：从入门到商用（二）

七 合并多图集的plist文件

一般游戏做到上面一步就可以了，如果要进一步的优化，会发现每个图集都会产生 plist 文件，多个图集那么 plist 也会很多。通常一个角色的资源都是一次性加载进内存，图片资源因为有最大尺寸限制，只能分为多张不同的文件中，但 plist 文件并没有限制，有没有办法将多个图集的 plist 文件合并成一个文件呢？不幸的是，查阅了 TP的官方文档并没有这个功能。观察 plist 文件的结构：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple Computer//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
<plist version="1.0"><dict><key>frames</key><dict><key>body_100354_idle_4_00.png</key><dict><key>frame</key><string>{{2,636},{204,320}}</string><key>offset</key><string>{-17,-15}</string><key>rotated</key><false/><key>sourceColorRect</key><string>{{159,133},{204,320}}</string><key>sourceSize</key><string>{556,556}</string></dict>...</dict>
</plist>

可以发现 plist 文件实际上是一种 xml 格式存储的文件，其原点 (0, 0) 在左上角，其中保存了每张图片的：

• frame：当前帧在图集上的矩形区域，{{坐标}，{宽高}}
• offset：偏移
• rotated：是否旋转
• sourceColorRect：当前帧在原始图片上的矩形区域，{{坐标}，{宽高}}
• sourceSize：原始尺寸

再看cocos creator 的官方文档中SpriteFrame的构造函数：

cc.SpriteFrame(texure:cc.Texture2D, rect: cc.Rect, rotated:bool, offset:cc.Vec2, originalSize:cc.Size)

创建精灵帧时，需要plist中的 frame、rotated、offset和sourceSize四个值。因此可以自己定义一个配置文件格式，在创建帧动画时，可以通过每一帧的名字，在配置文件中获取它所在的图集及其在图集中的位置信息。除此之外，需要要知道总共有多少图集，每个动作总共有多少方向，每个方向总共有多少帧数，帧率。最终配置文件格式如下：

{"cnt": 图集数量,"act": {"actionName": [方向数, 该方向的总帧数, 帧率]},"frames": {"filename": [图集序号, rect, rotated, offset, originalSize],},
}

可以通过脚本，读取 TexurePakcer 生成的多个 plist 文件，生成上一个上述格式的配置文件。导出来的配置文件内容如下：

将所有 plist 合并成一个配置文件之后，角色动画的创建步骤：

1. 加载配置文件
2. 加载动画纹理
3. 创建精灵帧
4. 创建动画剪辑
5. 播放动画

    loadConfig() {let url = "demo/body/100354/100354";cc.resources.load(url, cc.JsonAsset, (error: Error, jsonAsset: cc.JsonAsset) => {if (error) {console.error(error.message || error);return;}this.config = jsonAsset.json;this.loadTotalCnt = this.config["cnt"];this.loadTexure()});}loadTexure() {let url = "demo/body/100354/100354-" + this.loadIndex;cc.resources.load(url, cc.Texture2D, (error: Error, texure: cc.Texture2D) => {if (error) {console.error(error.message || error);return;}this.textureList.push(texure)// 加载帧动画资源if (this.loadIndex == this.loadTotalCnt) {this.onLoadTexure();return;}this.loadIndex += 1;this.loadTexure()});}onLoadTexure() {let dir_cnt, frame_cnt, fps, frames;let actions = this.config["actions"];for (let actionName in actions) {if (this.actions.indexOf(actionName) < 0) {this.actions.push(actionName);}let item = actions[actionName]dir_cnt = item[0];frame_cnt = item[1];fps = item[2];for (let dir = 0; dir < dir_cnt; dir++) {frames = this.getFrames(actionName, frame_cnt, dir);this.createAnimationClip(actionName, dir, fps, frames);}}let actionName = "idle";this.actionIndex = this.actions.indexOf(actionName);this.playAnimation(actionName, this.dir, cc.WrapMode.Loop);}getFrames(actionName, frame_cnt, dir) {let frames = []for (let i = 0; i < frame_cnt; i++) {let filename = "body_100354_" + actionName + "_" + dir + "_" + (i < 10 ? "0" + i : i);let item = this.config["frames"][filename];let texIndex = item[0];let tex = this.textureList[texIndex];let rect = new cc.Rect(item[1], item[2], item[3], item[4]);let rotated = !!item[5];let offset = cc.v2(item[6], item[7]);let size = new cc.Size(item[8], item[9]);let frame = new cc.SpriteFrame(tex, rect, rotated, offset, size);frame.name = filename;frames.push(frame);}return frames;}

这一节的主要目的是减少文件数量，优化加载时文件 IO。代码的主要差别时，需要先加载配置文件，然后通过配置文件创建动画的精灵帧。

八 多个动画节点

角色除了有不同动画，不同方向之后，还有多个动画节点，前面的例子是使用的角色身体动画，根据设计还会有武器和翅膀。动画节点的划分主要时根据角色可环装的部分设计的，如果一个部分支持环装，就要做成独立的动画节点。有多个节点之后，节点的遮挡关系会随着方向变化，默认角色层级，按角色朝向玩家设置，当玩家背向玩家时，修改层级。

    ndActor: cc.Node = null; // 角色节点ndActorBody: cc.Node = null; // 角色身体ndActorWeapon: cc.Node = null; // 角色武器ndActorWing: cc.Node = null; // 角色翅膀dir: number = 4; // 方向actions: string[] = [];// 动作列表actionIndex: number = 0;// 动作下标aniResCache: object = {}; // 配置文件onLoad() {this.ndActor = this.createActorNode();this.createBody((node) => {this.ndActorBody = node;this.onPartLoadFinish();});this.createWeapon((node) => {this.ndActorWeapon = node;this.onPartLoadFinish();});this.createWing((node) => {this.ndActorWing = node;this.onPartLoadFinish();});}createActorNode() {// 创建角色节点let node = new cc.Node();node.parent = this.node;return node;}onPartLoadFinish() {if (this.ndActorBody && this.ndActorWeapon && this.ndActorWing) {let actionName = "idle"this.actionIndex = this.actions.indexOf(actionName);this.playAnimation(actionName, this.dir, cc.WrapMode.Loop);}}createAnimationNode() {let node = new cc.Node();let sprite = node.addComponent(cc.Sprite);sprite.sizeMode = cc.Sprite.SizeMode.RAW;sprite.trim = false;node.addComponent(cc.Animation);node.parent = this.ndActor;return node;}createBody(cb) {let part = "body";let no = "100354";let node = this.createAnimationNode();node.name = part + "name";this.loadConfig(part, no, (config) => {this.onLoadConfig(node, part, no, config, cb);});}createWeapon(cb) {let part = "weapon";let no = "100354";let node = this.createAnimationNode();node.name = part + "name";this.loadConfig(part, no, (config) => {this.onLoadConfig(node, part, no, config, cb);});}createWing(cb) {let part = "wing";let no = "100307";let node = this.createAnimationNode();node.name = part + no;this.loadConfig(part, no, (config) => {if (config) {this.onLoadConfig(node, part, no, config, cb);}});}loadConfig(part: string, no: string, cb) {let url = "demo/" + part + "/" + no + "/" + no;cc.resources.load(url, cc.JsonAsset, (error: Error, jsonAsset: cc.JsonAsset) => {if (error) {console.error(error.message || error);cb(null);return;}cb(jsonAsset.json);});}onLoadConfig(node, part, no, config, cb) {if (!this.aniResCache[part]) {this.aniResCache[part] = {};}this.aniResCache[part][no] = {"config": config, // 配置文件"loadTotalCnt": config["cnt"], // 图集数量"loadIndex": 0, // 已加载下标"textureList": [], // 动画纹理对象}this.loadTexure(node, part, no, cb)}loadTexure(node, part, no, cb) {let item = this.aniResCache[part][no];let url = "demo/" + part + "/" + no + "/" + no + "-" + item.loadIndex;cc.resources.load(url, cc.Texture2D, (error: Error, texure: cc.Texture2D) => {if (error) {console.error(error.message || error);} else {item.textureList.push(texure)}if (item.loadIndex === item.loadTotalCnt) {this.onLoadTexureFinish(node, part, no, cb);return;}item.loadIndex += 1;this.loadTexure(node, part, no, cb)});}onLoadTexureFinish(node, part, no, cb) {let item, dir_cnt, frame_cnt, fps, frames;let partConfig = this.aniResCache[part][no];let actions = partConfig.config["actions"];for (let actionName in actions) {if (this.actions.indexOf(actionName) < 0) {this.actions.push(actionName);}item = actions[actionName]dir_cnt = item[0];frame_cnt = item[1];fps = item[2];for (let dir = 0; dir < dir_cnt; dir++) {frames = this.getFrames(part, no, actionName, frame_cnt, dir);this.createAnimationClip(node, actionName + "_" + dir, fps, frames);}}cb(node);}getFrames(part, no, actionName, frame_cnt, dir) {let partConfig = this.aniResCache[part][no];let frames = []for (let i = 0; i < frame_cnt; i++) {let filename = part + "_" + no + "_" + actionName + "_" + dir + "_" + (i < 10 ? "0" + i : i);let item = partConfig.config["frames"][filename];let tex = partConfig.textureList[item[0]];let rect = new cc.Rect(item[1], item[2], item[3], item[4]);let rotated = !!item[5];let offset = cc.v2(item[6], item[7]);let size = new cc.Size(item[8], item[9]);let frame = new cc.SpriteFrame(tex, rect, rotated, offset, size);frame.name = filename;frames.push(frame);}return frames;}createAnimationClip(node: cc.Node, clipName: string, sample: number, spriteFrames: cc.SpriteFrame[]) {// 创建动画剪辑let clip = cc.AnimationClip.createWithSpriteFrames(spriteFrames, sample);node.getComponent(cc.Animation).addClip(clip, clipName);}playAnimation(actionName, dir, mode) {let real_dir = this.getRealDir(dir);let clipName = actionName + "_" + real_dir;let scaleX = dir < 5 ? 1 : -1;if (dir === 0) {this.ndActorBody.zIndex = 1;this.ndActorWeapon.zIndex = 2;this.ndActorWing.zIndex = 3;} else {this.ndActorBody.zIndex = 2;this.ndActorWeapon.zIndex = 3;this.ndActorWing.zIndex = 1;}// 播放动画let aniState = this.ndActorBody.getComponent(cc.Animation).play(clipName);aniState.wrapMode = mode;this.ndActorBody.scaleX = scaleX;aniState = this.ndActorWeapon.getComponent(cc.Animation).play(clipName);aniState.wrapMode = mode;this.ndActorWeapon.scaleX = scaleX;aniState = this.ndActorWing.getComponent(cc.Animation).play(clipName);aniState.wrapMode = mode;this.ndActorWing.scaleX = scaleX;}

代码中，分别创建身体，武器，翅膀的动画，都加载完成之后，再播放。效果如图：

九 抽离动画管理器和控制器

动画资源2d游戏中占有量最大，也很通用的资源，为了资源的加载过程，复用已经加载的资源，抽离动一个画资源管理器，来加载动画配置、加载动画纹理、创建动画节点。动画资源加载之后，最好不要在开始就把所有的动画剪辑都创建出来。按身体、武器、翅膀3个组成部分，5方向资源，10个动作计算，那么每个角色就有 150 个动画，若开始就创建这 150 个动画剪辑，可能很多都用不到。因此再抽离一个动画控制器，在播放动画时，再创建动画剪辑，并将创建好的动画记录下来，避免重复创建。

/*** 动画控制器* 功能：* 创建动画剪辑* 动画播放控制
*/
const { ccclass, property } = cc._decorator@ccclass
export default class AniCtrl extends cc.Component {type: string = ""name: string = ""cache = nullanimation: cc.Animation = nullclipMap = {}init(type: string, name: string, cache) {this.type = typethis.name = namethis.cache = cachethis.animation = this.node.getComponent(cc.Animation);}initClip(actionName, realDir) {let clipName = actionName + "_" + realDirif (this.clipMap[clipName]) {return this.clipMap[clipName]}let action = this.cache.config.actions[actionName]if (!action) {return;}let frameCnt = action[1];let fps = action[2];let frames = this.getFrames(actionName, realDir, frameCnt);let clip = cc.AnimationClip.createWithSpriteFrames(frames, fps);this.animation.addClip(clip, clipName);this.clipMap[clipName] = clip;return clip}getFrames(actionName, dir, frameCnt) {let frames = []for (let i = 0; i < frameCnt; i++) {let filename = this.type + "_" + this.name + "_" + actionName + "_" + dir + "_" + (i < 10 ? "0" + i : i);let item = this.cache.config["frames"][filename];let tex = this.cache.texList[item[0]];let rect = new cc.Rect(item[1], item[2], item[3], item[4]);let rotated = !!item[5];let offset = cc.v2(item[6], item[7]);let size = new cc.Size(item[8], item[9]);let frame = new cc.SpriteFrame(tex, rect, rotated, offset, size);frame.name = filename;frames.push(frame);}return frames;}play(actionName, dir, startTime, loop, speed = 1.0, delay = 0){let config = this.cache.configif (!config.actions[actionName]) {console.error("no action " + actionName + " in " + this.type + "_" + this.name)return;}let realDir = this.getRealDir(dir)if (!this.initClip(actionName, realDir)) {return;}this.node.scaleX = dir < 5 ? 1 : -1;let clipName = actionName + "_" + realDirlet aniState = this.animation.play(clipName, startTime)if (!aniState) {console.error("no clip " + clipName + " in " + this.type + "_" + this.name)return}aniState.wrapMode = loop ? cc.WrapMode.Loop : cc.WrapMode.NormalaniState.speed = speedaniState.time = startTimeaniState.delay = delayreturn aniState}getRealDir(dir) {if (dir < 5) {return dir;} else if (dir === 5) {return 3;} else if (dir === 6) {return 2;} else if (dir === 7) {return 1;} else {return this.getRealDir(dir % 8);}}getActionList() {let actionList = []for (let action in this.cache.config.actions) {actionList.push(action)}return actionList}
}

上面是动画控制器的代码，主要是创建动画剪辑和播放动画。

/*** 动画资源管理器* 功能：* 加载动画配置文件* 加载动画纹理* 创建动画节点
*/
import AniCtrl from "./DemoAniCtrl"export default class AniMgr {// 单例private static instance: AniMgrprivate constructor() { }static getInstance(): AniMgr {if (!AniMgr.instance) {AniMgr.instance = new AniMgr()}return this.instance}// 加载队列 { 路径: 回调函数列表 }loadingQueue: { [path: string]: Function[] } = {}// 动画缓存aniResCache = {}// type 取值 body weapon wing effect，动画资源按类型分目录，即目录名loadAniNode(type, name, cb) {let path = type + "/" + name + "/" + namethis.loadAniRes(path, (cache)=>{if (!cb) {return;}if (!cache) {cb(null)return}let node = new cc.Node()node.name = type + "_" + namelet sprite = node.addComponent(cc.Sprite)sprite.sizeMode = cc.Sprite.SizeMode.RAWsprite.trim = falsenode.addComponent(cc.Animation)let ctrl = node.addComponent(AniCtrl)ctrl.init(type, name, cache)cb(node)})}loadAniRes(path, cb) {// 保存回调if (!this.loadingQueue[path]) {this.loadingQueue[path] = []}this.loadingQueue[path].push(cb)let cache = this.aniResCache[path]if(cache) {if (cache.config) {// 已有加载完成纹理if (cache.index > cache.total) {this.loadTexures(path)} else {// 正在加载纹理}} else {// 正在加载配置文件}return}// 正在加载this.aniResCache[path] = {};this.loadConfig(path, (config) => {if (!config) {// 提前调用加载完成this.onLoadAniRes(path)return}// 新加载this.aniResCache[path] = {"config": config, // 配置文件"total": config["cnt"], // 图集数量"index": 0, // 已加载下标"texList": [], // 动画纹理对象}this.loadTexures(path);})}onLoadAniRes(path: string) {let cbList = this.loadingQueue[path]let cache = this.aniResCache[path]if (cbList) {for (let i = 0; i < cbList.length; ++i) {cbList[i](cache)}}delete this.loadingQueue[path]}loadConfig(path: string, cb) {let url = "demo/" + path;cc.resources.load(url, cc.JsonAsset, (error: Error, jsonAsset: cc.JsonAsset) => {if (error) {console.error(error.message || error);cb(null);return;}cb(jsonAsset.json);});}loadTexures(path) {// 纹理全部加载完成let cache = this.aniResCache[path]if (cache.index > cache.total) {this.onLoadAniRes(path)return}let url = "demo/" + path + "-" + cache.indexcc.resources.load(url, cc.Texture2D, (error: Error, texure: cc.Texture2D) => {if (error) {console.error(error.message || error)}texure.name = url;cache.texList.push(texure)cache.index += 1this.loadTexures(path)})}
}

上面是动画资源管理器的代码，主要是负责动画资源的加载。一般游戏厉害可能由声音资源管理器，图片资源管理器等等。

下面是场景测试代码：

    ndActor: cc.Node = null; // 角色节点ctrlBody: AniCtrl = null; // 角色身体ctrlWeapon: AniCtrl = null; // 角色武器ctrlWing: AniCtrl = null; // 角色翅膀dir: number = 4; // 方向actions: string[] = [];// 动作列表actionIndex: number = 0;// 动作下标configMap: object = {}; // 配置文件onLoad() {this.ndActor = this.createActorNode();this.createBody((node) => {node.parent = this.ndActor;this.ctrlBody = node.getComponent(AniCtrl);this.onPartLoadFinish();});this.createWeapon((node) => {node.parent = this.ndActor;this.ctrlWeapon = node.getComponent(AniCtrl);this.onPartLoadFinish();});this.createWing((node) => {node.parent = this.ndActor;this.ctrlWing = node.getComponent(AniCtrl);this.onPartLoadFinish();});}createActorNode() {// 创建角色节点let node = new cc.Node();node.parent = this.node;return node;}onPartLoadFinish() {if (this.ctrlBody && this.ctrlWeapon && this.ctrlWing) {this.actions = this.ctrlBody.getActionList()let actionName = "idle"this.actionIndex = this.actions.indexOf(actionName);this.playAnimation(actionName, this.dir, cc.WrapMode.Loop);}}createBody(cb) {let part = "body";let no = "100354";AniMgr.getInstance().loadAniNode(part, no, cb);}createWeapon(cb) {let part = "weapon";let no = "100354";AniMgr.getInstance().loadAniNode(part, no, cb);}createWing(cb) {let part = "wing";let no = "100307";AniMgr.getInstance().loadAniNode(part, no, cb);}playAnimation(actionName, dir, loop) {if (dir === 0) {this.ctrlBody.node.zIndex = 1;this.ctrlWeapon.node.zIndex = 2;this.ctrlWing.node.zIndex = 3;} else {this.ctrlBody.node.zIndex = 2;this.ctrlWeapon.node.zIndex = 3;this.ctrlWing.node.zIndex = 1;}this.ctrlBody.play(actionName, dir, 0, loop)this.ctrlWeapon.play(actionName, dir, 0, loop)this.ctrlWing.play(actionName, dir, 0, loop)}

十 多角色内存池

游戏中会动态创建和删除多个角色，为了避免创建节点和释放节点的开销，使用对象池，缓存回收的节点。对象池的官方文档。抽离出一个ActorMgr，来负责这两个功能。
角色3部分动画节点组成，单可能不会全部动画节点都存在，比如npc可能没有武器和翅膀，需要抽离一个角色组件，管理这3部分动画控制器，对外提供一个动画播放节点。
为了方便演示，在界面上添加一个按钮，点击添加和删除角色。

/*** 角色管理器* 功能：* 角色增删* 内存池
*/
import AniMgr from "./DemoAniMgr"
import Actor from "./DemoActor"export default class ActorMgr {private static instance: ActorMgrprivate constructor() { }static getInstance(): ActorMgr {if (!ActorMgr.instance) {ActorMgr.instance = new ActorMgr()}return this.instance}loadingQueue = {} // 角色加载队列// 节点池poolMap: { [part: string]: { [no: string]: cc.NodePool } } = {}releaseActor(ndActor) {let actor = ndActor.getComponent(Actor)if (actor.bodyCtrl) {this.releasePartNode("body", actor.bodyCtrl.name, actor.bodyCtrl.node);}if (actor.weaponCtrl) {this.releasePartNode("weapon", actor.weaponCtrl.name, actor.weaponCtrl.node);}if (actor.wingCtrl) {this.releasePartNode("wing", actor.wingCtrl.name, actor.wingCtrl.node);}}releasePartNode(part, no, node) {node.stopAllActions();node.getComponent(cc.Animation).stop();let pool = this.poolMap[part][no];pool.put(node);}createActor(body, weapon, wing, cb) {let ndActor = new cc.Node()let actor = ndActor.addComponent(Actor)this.loadingQueue[ndActor.uuid] = {body: body,weapon: weapon,wing: wing,cb: cb,}this.createPartNode("body", body, (node) => {if (node) {node.parent = ndActoractor.onLoadBody(node)this.onPartLoadFinish(ndActor)}});this.createPartNode("weapon", weapon, (node) => {if (node) {node.parent = ndActoractor.onLoadWeapon(node)this.onPartLoadFinish(ndActor)}});this.createPartNode("wing", wing, (node) => {if (node) {node.parent = ndActoractor.onLoadWing(node)this.onPartLoadFinish(ndActor)}});}onPartLoadFinish(ndActor) {let actor = ndActor.getComponent(Actor)let args = this.loadingQueue[ndActor.uuid]if (args.body && !actor.bodyCtrl) {return}if (args.weapon && !actor.weaponCtrl) {return}if (args.wing && !actor.wingCtrl) {return}args.cb(ndActor)delete this.loadingQueue[ndActor.uuid]}createPartNode(part, no, cb) {if (!no) {cb(null)return}if (!this.poolMap[part]) {this.poolMap[part] = {}}if (!this.poolMap[part][no]) {this.poolMap[part][no] = new cc.NodePool()}let pool = this.poolMap[part][no];if (pool.size() > 0) {let node = pool.get();cb(node);} else {AniMgr.getInstance().loadAniNode(part, no, cb);}}
}

角色管理器主要用于角色的增删，创建角色时有限从对象池中获取，释放角色时将动画结点放回对象池。
都封装好之后，测试代码就非常简洁了：

    actors: Actor[] = [] // 角色节点dir: number = 4  // 方向actions: string[] = [] // 动作列表actionIndex: number = 0 // 动作下标configMap: object = {} // 配置文件// 角色参数actorArgs = [{body: "100354",weapon: "100354",wing: "100307",xPos: -200,},{body: "100354",weapon: "100354",wing: null,xPos: 0,},{body: "100354",weapon: null,wing: null,xPos: 200,},];actorIndex = 0onLoad() {this.createActor(this.actorIndex)}createActor(index) {let actor = this.actorArgs[index];DemoActorMgr.getInstance().createActor(actor.body, actor.weapon, actor.wing, (node) => {node.x = actor.xPos;node.parent = this.node;this.actors[index] = node.getComponent(Actor);this.onLoadActor();});}releaseActor(index) {let actor = this.actors[index];actor.releaseActor();}getOpActor() {if (this.actorIndex < 3) {return this.actors[this.actorIndex]} else if (this.actorIndex === 3) {return this.actors[1]} else if (this.actorIndex === 4) {return this.actors[0]}}onLoadActor() {this.actions = this.getOpActor().getActions();let actionName = "idle";this.actionIndex = this.actions.indexOf(actionName);this.dir = 4;this.getOpActor().playAnimation(actionName, this.dir, cc.WrapMode.Loop);}onClickActor() {this.actorIndex += 1if (this.actorIndex === 5) {this.actorIndex = 1}if (this.actorIndex < 3) {this.createActor(this.actorIndex)} else if (this.actorIndex === 3) {this.releaseActor(2)} else if (this.actorIndex === 4) {this.releaseActor(1)}}onClickDir() {this.dir = (this.dir + 1) % 8;this.getOpActor().playAnimation(this.actions[this.actionIndex], this.dir, true);}onClickAction() {this.actionIndex = (this.actionIndex + 1) % this.actions.length;this.getOpActor().playAnimation(this.actions[this.actionIndex], this.dir, true);}
}

代码中最多创建三个角色，第一个角色有用所有部分动画，第二个角色无翅膀，第三个角色无武器和翅膀。

这篇博客主要做了两个优化，合并plist和对象池。

总结

可以看要，从帧动画的入门，到真实可商用的项目，需要经过很多步的优化，大部分都时针对资源的优化，核心点：打图集，去plist，加内存池。

参考：
基于序列帧的2D角色动画
传奇cocos 基础框架
2D MMO中角色动画的优化总结

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