贪吃蛇是一个生活中很常见的小游戏，相信大家都玩过吧，下面我来说说具体的实现步骤。完整代码在文章最后

实现环境：VS2017

贪吃蛇具有以下功能：
1.按F1加速，F2减速。加速食物的分数增高，减速食物的分数降低
2.按空格暂停
3.按ESC退出游戏

下面有两种贪吃蛇：

1. 撞墙会死
2. 撞墙不会死

撞墙会死版贪吃蛇

1.首先实现刚开始的游戏界面，如下图

这里需要知道怎么控制光标的位置，以及怎样设定窗口的大小

设定窗口的大小

使用system库函数和DOS命令设置控制台窗口

system(“mode con cols=100 lises=30”);
//mode 为DOS命令
//cols —- 设置控制台的列数
//lines —- 设置控制台的行数

控制光标的位置

HANDLE GetStdHandle( DWORD nStdHandle );

//返回标准的输入、输出或错误的设备的 句柄，也就是获得输入、输出/错误的屏幕 缓冲区的句柄。
参数为三种
STD_INPUT_HANDLE //标准输入的句柄
STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE //标准输出的句柄
STD_ERROR_HANDLE //标准错误的句柄

BOOL SetConsoleCursorPosition( HANDLE hConsoleOutput, COORD dwCursorPosition );

如果用户定义了COORD pos,那么pos其实是一个结构体变量，其中X和Y是它的成员，通过修改pos.X和pos.Y的值就可以实现光标的位置控制
用例：SetConsoleCursorPosition(handle, pos);

知道了这两个函数我们的清屏就很好实现了

void SetPos(int x, int y)
{COORD pos = { 0 };HANDLE handle = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);//获取设备pos.X = x;pos.Y = y;SetConsoleCursorPosition(handle, pos);
}
void WelcomeToGame()
{//窗口大小system("mode con cols=100 lines=30");SetPos(39, 14);printf("欢迎来到贪吃蛇游戏");Sign();SetPos(39, 25);system("pause");//暂停system("cls");//清屏SetPos(25, 14);printf("用↑，↓，←，→来控制蛇的移动，F1为加速，F2为减速");SetPos(35, 15);printf("提示：加速获得的分数更高");Sign();SetPos(39, 25);system("pause");system("cls");}

2.绘制地图

因为上图的小方框是输入法中的特殊字符，一个小方框站两个X单位一个Y单位。

根据上图，实现代码如下：

void CreateMap()
{int i = 0;//上for (i = 0; i <= 58; i+=2){SetPos(i, 0);printf(WALL);}//下for (i = 0; i <= 58; i += 2){SetPos(i, 29);printf(WALL);}//左for (i = 1; i <= 28; i++){SetPos(0, i);printf(WALL);}//右for (i = 1; i <= 28; i++){SetPos(58, i);printf(WALL);}
}

3.绘制蛇

这里的蛇使用链表保存，所以需要蛇身体节点，以及维护整条蛇的数据，另外蛇的前进放向以及游戏的运行状态我们定义成枚举。

typedef struct SnakeNode
{int x;int y;struct SnakeNode* next;
}SnakeNode,*pSnakeNode;enum Dirction { UP = 1, DOWN, LEFT, RIGHT};
enum GameStatus { OK, NORMAL_END, KILL_BY_WALL,  KILL_BY_SELF};typedef struct Snake
{pSnakeNode _pSnake;//维护蛇身pSnakeNode _pFood;//食物的位置int ToTalScore;//总分数int _AddScore;//每次增加分数int _SleepTime;//休眠时间enum Dirction _Dir;//方向enum GameStatus _Status;//游戏状态
}Snake,*pSnake;pSnakeNode BuyNode()
{pSnakeNode NewNode = (pSnakeNode)malloc(sizeof(SnakeNode));if (NewNode == NULL){perror("BuyNode::malloc( )");exit(EXIT_FAILURE);}NewNode->x = 0;NewNode->y = 0;NewNode->next = NULL;return NewNode;
}void InitSnake(pSnake snake)
{int i = 0;pSnakeNode Cur = NULL;pSnakeNode first = BuyNode();first->x = INIT_X;first->y = INIT_Y;for (i = 0; i < 4; i++){Cur = BuyNode();Cur->x = first->x - 2;Cur->y = first->y;Cur->next = first;first = Cur;}while (Cur){SetPos(Cur->x, Cur->y);printf(Food);Cur = Cur->next;}snake->_pSnake = first;Sign();
}

4.产生食物

这里会用到随机函数，注意食物不能出现在墙以及墙以外和蛇身上
如下图为处是状态

void CreateFood(pSnake snake)
{pSnakeNode pFood = NULL;pFood = BuyNode();pSnakeNode Cur = snake->_pSnake;pFood->y = rand() % 28 + 1;do {pFood->x = rand() % 55 + 2;} while (pFood->x % 2 != 0);while (Cur){if (Cur->x == pFood->x && Cur->y == pFood->y){CreateFood(snake);return;}Cur = Cur->next;}snake->_pFood = pFood;SetPos(pFood->x, pFood->y);printf(Food);
}

4.让蛇动起来

根据pSnake中定义的方向，进行移动，如果有食物，就吃掉，并且身体长长

int NextHasFood(pSnakeNode pn, pSnakeNode pf)
{return ((pn->x == pf->x) && (pn->y == pf->y));
}void EatFood(pSnakeNode pn,pSnake ps)
{pn->next = ps->_pSnake;ps->_pSnake = pn;SetPos(ps->_pSnake->x, ps->_pSnake->y);printf(Food);ps->ToTalScore += ps->_AddScore;CreateFood(ps);
}void NoFood(pSnakeNode pn, pSnake ps)
{pSnakeNode Cur = NULL;pn->next = ps->_pSnake;ps->_pSnake = pn;SetPos(pn->x, pn->y);printf(Food);Cur = ps->_pSnake;while (Cur->next->next){Cur = Cur->next;}SetPos(Cur->next->x, Cur->next->y);printf(" ");free(Cur->next);Cur->next = NULL;
}void SnakeMove(pSnake ps)
{pSnakeNode pNextNode = BuyNode();switch (ps->_Dir){case UP:{pNextNode->x = ps->_pSnake->x;pNextNode->y = ps->_pSnake->y - 1;if (NextHasFood(pNextNode, ps->_pFood)){//下一个节点是食物EatFood(pNextNode,ps);}else{//下一个节点不是食物NoFood( pNextNode, ps);}}break;case DOWN:{pNextNode->x = ps->_pSnake->x;pNextNode->y = ps->_pSnake->y + 1;if (NextHasFood(pNextNode, ps->_pFood)){//下一个节点是食物EatFood(pNextNode, ps);}else{//下一个节点不是食物NoFood(pNextNode, ps);}}break;case LEFT:{pNextNode->x = ps->_pSnake->x - 2;pNextNode->y = ps->_pSnake->y;if (NextHasFood(pNextNode, ps->_pFood)){//下一个节点是食物EatFood(pNextNode, ps);}else{//下一个节点不是食物NoFood(pNextNode, ps);}}break;case RIGHT:{pNextNode->x = ps->_pSnake->x + 2;pNextNode->y = ps->_pSnake->y;if (NextHasFood(pNextNode, ps->_pFood)){//下一个节点是食物EatFood(pNextNode, ps);}else{//下一个节点不是食物NoFood(pNextNode, ps);}}break;}
}

5.获取键盘上的方向键，控制蛇

Windows下的int GetAsyncKeyState(int vkey)函数，自上次调用以来，如果对应 的键被按下，则返回1，否则返回0。

void PrintfHelpInfo(pSnake ps)
{SetPos(70, 9);printf("总分：%d  ", ps->ToTalScore);SetPos(70, 10);printf("单次吃食物得分：%d  ", ps->_AddScore);SetPos(70, 15);printf("用↑，↓，←，→来控制蛇的移动");SetPos(70, 16);printf("F1为加速，F2为减速");SetPos(70, 17);printf("按空格暂停");SetPos(70, 18);printf("按Esc退出");}void KillBySelf(pSnake ps)
{pSnakeNode Cur = NULL;Cur = ps->_pSnake->next;while (Cur){if (ps->_pSnake->x == Cur->x && ps->_pSnake->y == Cur->y){ps->_Status = KILL_BY_SELF;break;}Cur = Cur->next;}}void KillByWall(pSnake ps)
{if (ps->_pSnake->x == 0 || ps->_pSnake->x == 58//蛇撞墙会死|| ps->_pSnake->y == 0 || ps->_pSnake->y == 29){ps->_Status = KILL_BY_WALL;}}
void GameRun(pSnake ps)
{do{PrintfHelpInfo(ps);//确定方向if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_UP) && ps->_Dir != DOWN)ps->_Dir = UP;else if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_DOWN) && ps->_Dir != UP)ps->_Dir = DOWN;else if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_LEFT) && ps->_Dir != RIGHT)ps->_Dir = LEFT;else if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_RIGHT) && ps->_Dir != LEFT)ps->_Dir = RIGHT;else if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_SPACE))//暂停pause();else if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_ESCAPE))//退出{ps->_Status = NORMAL_END;break;}else if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_F1)) //加速{if (ps->_SleepTime >= 100){ps->_AddScore += 2;ps->_SleepTime -= 20;}}else if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_F2))//减速{if (ps->_SleepTime <= 300){if (ps->_AddScore > 2){ps->_AddScore -= 2;}ps->_SleepTime += 20;}}Sleep(ps->_SleepTime);SnakeMove(ps);//蛇移动KillBySelf(ps);KillByWall(ps);} while (ps->_Status == OK);
}

6.判断游戏结束

void GameEnd(pSnake ps)
{switch (ps->_Status){case KILL_BY_SELF:{SetPos(24, 15);printf("撞身体");SetPos(22, 16);printf("GAME OVER!!!");}break;case KILL_BY_WALL://撞墙会死{SetPos(24, 15);printf("撞墙");SetPos(22, 16);printf("GAME OVER!!!");}break;}pSnakeNode Cur = ps->_pSnake;pSnakeNode Del = NULL;while (Cur){Del = Cur;Cur = Cur->next;free(Del);}Del = NULL;free(ps->_pFood);ps->_pFood = NULL;
}

以上就是基本原理，下面是源代码

//snake.h#pragma once
#include<Windows.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<time.h>
#include<stdlib.h>#define WALL "■"
#define Food "□"
#define SIGN "＠"
#define INIT_X 30
#define INIT_Y 10typedef struct SnakeNode
{int x;int y;struct SnakeNode* next;
}SnakeNode,*pSnakeNode;enum Dirction { UP = 1, DOWN, LEFT, RIGHT};
enum GameStatus { OK, NORMAL_END, KILL_BY_WALL,  KILL_BY_SELF};typedef struct Snake
{pSnakeNode _pSnake;//维护蛇身pSnakeNode _pFood;//食物的位置int ToTalScore;//总分数int _AddScore;//每次增加分数int _SleepTime;//休眠时间enum Dirction _Dir;//方向enum GameStatus _Status;//游戏状态
}Snake,*pSnake;void  GameStart(pSnake snake);
void SetPos(int x, int y);
void WelcomeToGame();
void CreateMap();
void InitSnake(pSnake snake);
void CreateFood(pSnake snake);void GameRun(pSnake ps);
void EatFood(pSnakeNode pn, pSnake ps);
void NoFood(pSnakeNode pn, pSnake ps);
void SnakeMove(pSnake ps);
void PrintfHelpInfo(pSnake ps);
void KillBySelf(pSnake ps);
void KillByWall(pSnake ps);void GameEnd(pSnake ps);

//snake.c
#include"snake.h"void SetPos(int x, int y)
{COORD pos = { 0 };HANDLE handle = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);//获取设备pos.X = x;pos.Y = y;SetConsoleCursorPosition(handle, pos);
}void Sign()
{SetPos(88, 27);printf(SIGN);printf("阿巴卡");
}void WelcomeToGame()
{//窗口大小system("mode con cols=100 lines=30");SetPos(39, 14);printf("欢迎来到贪吃蛇游戏");Sign();SetPos(39, 25);system("pause");system("cls");//清屏SetPos(25, 14);printf("用↑，↓，←，→来控制蛇的移动，F1为加速，F2为减速");SetPos(35, 15);printf("提示：加速获得的分数更高");Sign();SetPos(39, 25);system("pause");system("cls");}void CreateMap()
{int i = 0;//上for (i = 0; i <= 58; i+=2){SetPos(i, 0);printf(WALL);}//下for (i = 0; i <= 58; i += 2){SetPos(i, 29);printf(WALL);}//左for (i = 1; i <= 28; i++){SetPos(0, i);printf(WALL);}//右for (i = 1; i <= 28; i++){SetPos(58, i);printf(WALL);}
}pSnakeNode BuyNode()
{pSnakeNode NewNode = (pSnakeNode)malloc(sizeof(SnakeNode));if (NewNode == NULL){perror("BuyNode::malloc( )");exit(EXIT_FAILURE);}NewNode->x = 0;NewNode->y = 0;NewNode->next = NULL;return NewNode;
}void InitSnake(pSnake snake)
{int i = 0;pSnakeNode Cur = NULL;pSnakeNode first = BuyNode();first->x = INIT_X;first->y = INIT_Y;for (i = 0; i < 4; i++){Cur = BuyNode();Cur->x = first->x - 2;Cur->y = first->y;Cur->next = first;first = Cur;}while (Cur){SetPos(Cur->x, Cur->y);printf(Food);Cur = Cur->next;}snake->_pSnake = first;Sign();
}void CreateFood(pSnake snake)
{pSnakeNode pFood = NULL;pFood = BuyNode();pSnakeNode Cur = snake->_pSnake;pFood->y = rand() % 28 + 1;do {pFood->x = rand() % 55 + 2;} while (pFood->x % 2 != 0);while (Cur){if (Cur->x == pFood->x && Cur->y == pFood->y){CreateFood(snake);return;}Cur = Cur->next;}snake->_pFood = pFood;SetPos(pFood->x, pFood->y);printf(Food);
}void  GameStart(pSnake snake)
{//打印界面WelcomeToGame();//创建地图CreateMap();//初始化蛇InitSnake(snake);//初始化食物CreateFood(snake);snake->ToTalScore = 0;snake->_AddScore = 10;snake->_Dir = LEFT;snake->_SleepTime = 200;snake->_Status = OK;}void pause()
{while (1){Sleep(100);if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_SPACE))break;}
}int NextHasFood(pSnakeNode pn, pSnakeNode pf)
{return ((pn->x == pf->x) && (pn->y == pf->y));
}void EatFood(pSnakeNode pn,pSnake ps)
{pn->next = ps->_pSnake;ps->_pSnake = pn;SetPos(ps->_pSnake->x, ps->_pSnake->y);printf(Food);ps->ToTalScore += ps->_AddScore;CreateFood(ps);
}void NoFood(pSnakeNode pn, pSnake ps)
{pSnakeNode Cur = NULL;pn->next = ps->_pSnake;ps->_pSnake = pn;SetPos(pn->x, pn->y);printf(Food);Cur = ps->_pSnake;while (Cur->next->next){Cur = Cur->next;}SetPos(Cur->next->x, Cur->next->y);printf(" ");free(Cur->next);Cur->next = NULL;
}void SnakeMove(pSnake ps)
{pSnakeNode pNextNode = BuyNode();switch (ps->_Dir){case UP:{pNextNode->x = ps->_pSnake->x;pNextNode->y = ps->_pSnake->y - 1;if (NextHasFood(pNextNode, ps->_pFood)){//下一个节点是食物EatFood(pNextNode,ps);}else{//下一个节点不是食物NoFood( pNextNode, ps);}}break;case DOWN:{pNextNode->x = ps->_pSnake->x;pNextNode->y = ps->_pSnake->y + 1;if (NextHasFood(pNextNode, ps->_pFood)){//下一个节点是食物EatFood(pNextNode, ps);}else{//下一个节点不是食物NoFood(pNextNode, ps);}}break;case LEFT:{pNextNode->x = ps->_pSnake->x - 2;pNextNode->y = ps->_pSnake->y;if (NextHasFood(pNextNode, ps->_pFood)){//下一个节点是食物EatFood(pNextNode, ps);}else{//下一个节点不是食物NoFood(pNextNode, ps);}}break;case RIGHT:{pNextNode->x = ps->_pSnake->x + 2;pNextNode->y = ps->_pSnake->y;if (NextHasFood(pNextNode, ps->_pFood)){//下一个节点是食物EatFood(pNextNode, ps);}else{//下一个节点不是食物NoFood(pNextNode, ps);}}break;}
}void PrintfHelpInfo(pSnake ps)
{SetPos(70, 9);printf("总分：%d  ", ps->ToTalScore);SetPos(70, 10);printf("单次吃食物得分：%d  ", ps->_AddScore);SetPos(70, 15);printf("用↑，↓，←，→来控制蛇的移动");SetPos(70, 16);printf("F1为加速，F2为减速");SetPos(70, 17);printf("按空格暂停");SetPos(70, 18);printf("按Esc退出");}void KillBySelf(pSnake ps)
{pSnakeNode Cur = NULL;Cur = ps->_pSnake->next;while (Cur){if (ps->_pSnake->x == Cur->x && ps->_pSnake->y == Cur->y){ps->_Status = KILL_BY_SELF;break;}Cur = Cur->next;}}void KillByWall(pSnake ps)
{if (ps->_pSnake->x == 0 || ps->_pSnake->x == 58//蛇撞墙会死|| ps->_pSnake->y == 0 || ps->_pSnake->y == 29){ps->_Status = KILL_BY_WALL;}}void GameRun(pSnake ps)
{do{PrintfHelpInfo(ps);//确定方向if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_UP) && ps->_Dir != DOWN)ps->_Dir = UP;else if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_DOWN) && ps->_Dir != UP)ps->_Dir = DOWN;else if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_LEFT) && ps->_Dir != RIGHT)ps->_Dir = LEFT;else if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_RIGHT) && ps->_Dir != LEFT)ps->_Dir = RIGHT;else if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_SPACE))//暂停pause();else if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_ESCAPE))//退出{ps->_Status = NORMAL_END;break;}else if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_F1)) //加速{if (ps->_SleepTime >= 100){ps->_AddScore += 2;ps->_SleepTime -= 20;}}else if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_F2))//减速{if (ps->_SleepTime <= 300){if (ps->_AddScore > 2){ps->_AddScore -= 2;}ps->_SleepTime += 20;}}Sleep(ps->_SleepTime);SnakeMove(ps);//蛇移动KillBySelf(ps);KillByWall(ps);} while (ps->_Status == OK);
}void GameEnd(pSnake ps)
{switch (ps->_Status){case KILL_BY_SELF:{SetPos(24, 15);printf("撞身体");SetPos(22, 16);printf("GAME OVER!!!");}break;case KILL_BY_WALL://撞墙会死{SetPos(24, 15);printf("撞墙");SetPos(22, 16);printf("GAME OVER!!!");}break;}pSnakeNode Cur = ps->_pSnake;pSnakeNode Del = NULL;while (Cur){Del = Cur;Cur = Cur->next;free(Del);}Del = NULL;free(ps->_pFood);ps->_pFood = NULL;
}

//test.c#include"snake.h"void test()
{Snake snake = { 0 };srand((unsigned)time(NULL));GameStart(&snake);GameRun(&snake);GameEnd(&snake);
}int main()
{test();SetPos(20, 20);system("pause");return 0;
}

具体实现形式：

撞墙不会死

其实撞墙不会死的情况与撞墙会死的情况以下几个函数不一样

void GameEnd(pSnake ps);
void KillByWall(pSnake ps);
void NoFood(pSnakeNode pn, pSnake ps);
代码如下：

void NoFood(pSnakeNode pn, pSnake ps)
{pSnakeNode Cur = NULL;pn->next = ps->_pSnake;ps->_pSnake = pn;SetPos(pn->x, pn->y);printf(Food);Cur = ps->_pSnake;while (Cur->next->next){Cur = Cur->next;SetPos(Cur->x, Cur->y);printf(Food);}if (Cur->next->x == 0 || Cur->next->x == 58|| Cur->next->y == 0 || Cur->next->y == 29){SetPos(Cur->next->x, Cur->next->y);printf(WALL);}else{SetPos(Cur->next->x, Cur->next->y);printf(" ");}free(Cur->next);Cur->next = NULL;
}void KillByWall(pSnake ps)
{pSnakeNode pn = BuyNode();if (ps->_pSnake->x == 0)//撞左墙{pn->x = ps->_pSnake->x + 56;pn->y = ps->_pSnake->y;if (NextHasFood(pn, ps->_pFood)){EatFood(pn, ps);}else{NoFood(pn, ps);}}if (ps->_pSnake->x == 58)//撞右墙{pn->x = ps->_pSnake->x - 56;pn->y = ps->_pSnake->y;if (NextHasFood(pn, ps->_pFood)){EatFood(pn, ps);}else{NoFood(pn, ps);}}if (ps->_pSnake->y == 0)//撞上墙{pn->x = ps->_pSnake->x;pn->y = ps->_pSnake->y + 28;if (NextHasFood(pn, ps->_pFood)){EatFood(pn, ps);}else{NoFood(pn, ps);}}if (ps->_pSnake->y == 29)//撞下墙{pn->x = ps->_pSnake->x;pn->y = ps->_pSnake->y - 28;if (NextHasFood(pn, ps->_pFood)){EatFood(pn, ps);}else{NoFood(pn, ps);}}}void GameEnd(pSnake ps)
{switch (ps->_Status){case KILL_BY_SELF:{SetPos(24, 15);printf("撞身体");SetPos(22, 16);printf("GAME OVER!!!");}break;}pSnakeNode Cur = ps->_pSnake;pSnakeNode Del = NULL;while (Cur){Del = Cur;Cur = Cur->next;free(Del);}Del = NULL;free(ps->_pFood);ps->_pFood = NULL;
}

要想实现不会撞墙死的贪吃蛇，只需要将这几个函数与撞墙会死中相对应的函数进行替换就可以
具体实现结果：

如果有疑问或者有什么更好的建议欢迎留言。