运算符

1、算数运算：

2、比较运算：

3、赋值运算：

4、逻辑运算：

5、成员运算：

基本数据类型：

数字【int】：        12，3456789，3334

字符串【str】：     “asdfghkj”，“qwe”

布尔值【bool】：     True，False

列表【list】：          [("123"),("adsf")]

元组【tuple】：     (1,2,3,4,5)

字典【dict】：          {(123),(asd)}

基本数据数据类型常用功能

1.【整数】，int

     a.
#  n1 = 123
#  n2 = 456
#  print(n1 + n2)
#  print(n1._add_(n2))
b.
获取可表示的二进制最短位数
# n1 = 4 # 000000100
# ret = n1.bit_length()
# print(ret)

class int(object):"""int(x=0) -> int or longint(x, base=10) -> int or longConvert a number or string to an integer, or return 0 if no argumentsare given.  If x is floating point, the conversion truncates towards zero.If x is outside the integer range, the function returns a long instead.If x is not a number or if base is given, then x must be a string orUnicode object representing an integer literal in the given base.  Theliteral can be preceded by '+' or '-' and be surrounded by whitespace.The base defaults to 10.  Valid bases are 0 and 2-36.  Base 0 means tointerpret the base from the string as an integer literal.>>> int('0b100', base=0)4"""def bit_length(self): """ 返回表示该数字的时占用的最少位数 """"""int.bit_length() -> intNumber of bits necessary to represent self in binary.>>> bin(37)'0b100101'>>> (37).bit_length()6"""return 0def conjugate(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown""" 返回该复数的共轭复数 """""" Returns self, the complex conjugate of any int. """passdef __abs__(self):""" 返回绝对值 """""" x.__abs__() <==> abs(x) """passdef __add__(self, y):""" x.__add__(y) <==> x+y """passdef __and__(self, y):""" x.__and__(y) <==> x&y """passdef __cmp__(self, y): """ 比较两个数大小 """""" x.__cmp__(y) <==> cmp(x,y) """passdef __coerce__(self, y):""" 强制生成一个元组 """ """ x.__coerce__(y) <==> coerce(x, y) """passdef __divmod__(self, y): """ 相除，得到商和余数组成的元组 """ """ x.__divmod__(y) <==> divmod(x, y) """passdef __div__(self, y): """ x.__div__(y) <==> x/y """passdef __float__(self): """ 转换为浮点类型 """ """ x.__float__() <==> float(x) """passdef __floordiv__(self, y): """ x.__floordiv__(y) <==> x//y """passdef __format__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknownpassdef __getattribute__(self, name): """ x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name """passdef __getnewargs__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown""" 内部调用 __new__方法或创建对象时传入参数使用 """ passdef __hash__(self): """如果对象object为哈希表类型，返回对象object的哈希值。哈希值为整数。在字典查找中，哈希值用于快速比较字典的键。两个数值如果相等，则哈希值也相等。"""""" x.__hash__() <==> hash(x) """passdef __hex__(self): """ 返回当前数的 十六进制 表示 """ """ x.__hex__() <==> hex(x) """passdef __index__(self): """ 用于切片，数字无意义 """""" x[y:z] <==> x[y.__index__():z.__index__()] """passdef __init__(self, x, base=10): # known special case of int.__init__""" 构造方法，执行 x = 123 或 x = int(10) 时，自动调用，暂时忽略 """ """int(x=0) -> int or longint(x, base=10) -> int or longConvert a number or string to an integer, or return 0 if no argumentsare given.  If x is floating point, the conversion truncates towards zero.If x is outside the integer range, the function returns a long instead.If x is not a number or if base is given, then x must be a string orUnicode object representing an integer literal in the given base.  Theliteral can be preceded by '+' or '-' and be surrounded by whitespace.The base defaults to 10.  Valid bases are 0 and 2-36.  Base 0 means tointerpret the base from the string as an integer literal.>>> int('0b100', base=0)4# (copied from class doc)"""passdef __int__(self): """ 转换为整数 """ """ x.__int__() <==> int(x) """passdef __invert__(self): """ x.__invert__() <==> ~x """passdef __long__(self): """ 转换为长整数 """ """ x.__long__() <==> long(x) """passdef __lshift__(self, y): """ x.__lshift__(y) <==> x<<y """passdef __mod__(self, y): """ x.__mod__(y) <==> x%y """passdef __mul__(self, y): """ x.__mul__(y) <==> x*y """passdef __neg__(self): """ x.__neg__() <==> -x """pass@staticmethod # known case of __new__def __new__(S, *more): """ T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T """passdef __nonzero__(self): """ x.__nonzero__() <==> x != 0 """passdef __oct__(self): """ 返回改值的 八进制 表示 """ """ x.__oct__() <==> oct(x) """passdef __or__(self, y): """ x.__or__(y) <==> x|y """passdef __pos__(self): """ x.__pos__() <==> +x """passdef __pow__(self, y, z=None): """ 幂，次方 """ """ x.__pow__(y[, z]) <==> pow(x, y[, z]) """passdef __radd__(self, y): """ x.__radd__(y) <==> y+x """passdef __rand__(self, y): """ x.__rand__(y) <==> y&x """passdef __rdivmod__(self, y): """ x.__rdivmod__(y) <==> divmod(y, x) """passdef __rdiv__(self, y): """ x.__rdiv__(y) <==> y/x """passdef __repr__(self): """转化为解释器可读取的形式 """""" x.__repr__() <==> repr(x) """passdef __str__(self): """转换为人阅读的形式，如果没有适于人阅读的解释形式的话，则返回解释器课阅读的形式"""""" x.__str__() <==> str(x) """passdef __rfloordiv__(self, y): """ x.__rfloordiv__(y) <==> y//x """passdef __rlshift__(self, y): """ x.__rlshift__(y) <==> y<<x """passdef __rmod__(self, y): """ x.__rmod__(y) <==> y%x """passdef __rmul__(self, y): """ x.__rmul__(y) <==> y*x """passdef __ror__(self, y): """ x.__ror__(y) <==> y|x """passdef __rpow__(self, x, z=None): """ y.__rpow__(x[, z]) <==> pow(x, y[, z]) """passdef __rrshift__(self, y): """ x.__rrshift__(y) <==> y>>x """passdef __rshift__(self, y): """ x.__rshift__(y) <==> x>>y """passdef __rsub__(self, y): """ x.__rsub__(y) <==> y-x """passdef __rtruediv__(self, y): """ x.__rtruediv__(y) <==> y/x """passdef __rxor__(self, y): """ x.__rxor__(y) <==> y^x """passdef __sub__(self, y): """ x.__sub__(y) <==> x-y """passdef __truediv__(self, y): """ x.__truediv__(y) <==> x/y """passdef __trunc__(self, *args, **kwargs): """ 返回数值被截取为整形的值，在整形中无意义 """passdef __xor__(self, y): """ x.__xor__(y) <==> x^y """passdenominator = property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None)  # default""" 分母 = 1 """"""the denominator of a rational number in lowest terms"""imag = property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None)  # default""" 虚数，无意义 """"""the imaginary part of a complex number"""numerator = property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None)  # default""" 分子 = 数字大小 """"""the numerator of a rational number in lowest terms"""real = property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None)  # default""" 实属，无意义 """"""the real part of a complex number"""

 

2.【字符串】，str

 

"hello,world"

字符串常用功能：

• 移除空白
• 分割
• 长度
• 索引
• 切片

class str(basestring):"""str(object='') -> stringReturn a nice string representation of the object.If the argument is a string, the return value is the same object."""def capitalize(self):  """ 首字母变大写 """"""S.capitalize() -> stringReturn a copy of the string S with only its first charactercapitalized."""return ""def center(self, width, fillchar=None):  """ 内容居中，width：总长度；fillchar：空白处填充内容，默认无 """"""S.center(width[, fillchar]) -> stringReturn S centered in a string of length width. Padding isdone using the specified fill character (default is a space)"""return ""def count(self, sub, start=None, end=None):  """ 子序列个数 """"""S.count(sub[, start[, end]]) -> intReturn the number of non-overlapping occurrences of substring sub instring S[start:end].  Optional arguments start and end are interpretedas in slice notation."""return 0def decode(self, encoding=None, errors=None):  """ 解码 """"""S.decode([encoding[,errors]]) -> objectDecodes S using the codec registered for encoding. encoding defaultsto the default encoding. errors may be given to set a different errorhandling scheme. Default is 'strict' meaning that encoding errors raisea UnicodeDecodeError. Other possible values are 'ignore' and 'replace'as well as any other name registered with codecs.register_error that isable to handle UnicodeDecodeErrors."""return object()def encode(self, encoding=None, errors=None):  """ 编码，针对unicode """"""S.encode([encoding[,errors]]) -> objectEncodes S using the codec registered for encoding. encoding defaultsto the default encoding. errors may be given to set a different errorhandling scheme. Default is 'strict' meaning that encoding errors raisea UnicodeEncodeError. Other possible values are 'ignore', 'replace' and'xmlcharrefreplace' as well as any other name registered withcodecs.register_error that is able to handle UnicodeEncodeErrors."""return object()def endswith(self, suffix, start=None, end=None):  """ 是否以 xxx 结束 """"""S.endswith(suffix[, start[, end]]) -> boolReturn True if S ends with the specified suffix, False otherwise.With optional start, test S beginning at that position.With optional end, stop comparing S at that position.suffix can also be a tuple of strings to try."""return Falsedef expandtabs(self, tabsize=None):  """ 将tab转换成空格，默认一个tab转换成8个空格 """"""S.expandtabs([tabsize]) -> stringReturn a copy of S where all tab characters are expanded using spaces.If tabsize is not given, a tab size of 8 characters is assumed."""return ""def find(self, sub, start=None, end=None):  """ 寻找子序列位置，如果没找到，返回 -1 """"""S.find(sub [,start [,end]]) -> intReturn the lowest index in S where substring sub is found,such that sub is contained within S[start:end].  Optionalarguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.Return -1 on failure."""return 0def format(*args, **kwargs): # known special case of str.format""" 字符串格式化，动态参数，将函数式编程时细说 """"""S.format(*args, **kwargs) -> stringReturn a formatted version of S, using substitutions from args and kwargs.The substitutions are identified by braces ('{' and '}')."""passdef index(self, sub, start=None, end=None):  """ 子序列位置，如果没找到，报错 """S.index(sub [,start [,end]]) -> intLike S.find() but raise ValueError when the substring is not found."""return 0def isalnum(self):  """ 是否是字母和数字 """"""S.isalnum() -> boolReturn True if all characters in S are alphanumericand there is at least one character in S, False otherwise."""return Falsedef isalpha(self):  """ 是否是字母 """"""S.isalpha() -> boolReturn True if all characters in S are alphabeticand there is at least one character in S, False otherwise."""return Falsedef isdigit(self):  """ 是否是数字 """"""S.isdigit() -> boolReturn True if all characters in S are digitsand there is at least one character in S, False otherwise."""return Falsedef islower(self):  """ 是否小写 """"""S.islower() -> boolReturn True if all cased characters in S are lowercase and there isat least one cased character in S, False otherwise."""return Falsedef isspace(self):  """S.isspace() -> boolReturn True if all characters in S are whitespaceand there is at least one character in S, False otherwise."""return Falsedef istitle(self):  """S.istitle() -> boolReturn True if S is a titlecased string and there is at least onecharacter in S, i.e. uppercase characters may only follow uncasedcharacters and lowercase characters only cased ones. Return Falseotherwise."""return Falsedef isupper(self):  """S.isupper() -> boolReturn True if all cased characters in S are uppercase and there isat least one cased character in S, False otherwise."""return Falsedef join(self, iterable):  """ 连接 """"""S.join(iterable) -> stringReturn a string which is the concatenation of the strings in theiterable.  The separator between elements is S."""return ""def ljust(self, width, fillchar=None):  """ 内容左对齐，右侧填充 """"""S.ljust(width[, fillchar]) -> stringReturn S left-justified in a string of length width. Padding isdone using the specified fill character (default is a space)."""return ""def lower(self):  """ 变小写 """"""S.lower() -> stringReturn a copy of the string S converted to lowercase."""return ""def lstrip(self, chars=None):  """ 移除左侧空白 """"""S.lstrip([chars]) -> string or unicodeReturn a copy of the string S with leading whitespace removed.If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead.If chars is unicode, S will be converted to unicode before stripping"""return ""def partition(self, sep):  """ 分割，前，中，后三部分 """"""S.partition(sep) -> (head, sep, tail)Search for the separator sep in S, and return the part before it,the separator itself, and the part after it.  If the separator is notfound, return S and two empty strings."""passdef replace(self, old, new, count=None):  """ 替换 """"""S.replace(old, new[, count]) -> stringReturn a copy of string S with all occurrences of substringold replaced by new.  If the optional argument count isgiven, only the first count occurrences are replaced."""return ""def rfind(self, sub, start=None, end=None):  """S.rfind(sub [,start [,end]]) -> intReturn the highest index in S where substring sub is found,such that sub is contained within S[start:end].  Optionalarguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.Return -1 on failure."""return 0def rindex(self, sub, start=None, end=None):  """S.rindex(sub [,start [,end]]) -> intLike S.rfind() but raise ValueError when the substring is not found."""return 0def rjust(self, width, fillchar=None):  """S.rjust(width[, fillchar]) -> stringReturn S right-justified in a string of length width. Padding isdone using the specified fill character (default is a space)"""return ""def rpartition(self, sep):  """S.rpartition(sep) -> (head, sep, tail)Search for the separator sep in S, starting at the end of S, and returnthe part before it, the separator itself, and the part after it.  If theseparator is not found, return two empty strings and S."""passdef rsplit(self, sep=None, maxsplit=None):  """S.rsplit([sep [,maxsplit]]) -> list of stringsReturn a list of the words in the string S, using sep as thedelimiter string, starting at the end of the string and workingto the front.  If maxsplit is given, at most maxsplit splits aredone. If sep is not specified or is None, any whitespace stringis a separator."""return []def rstrip(self, chars=None):  """S.rstrip([chars]) -> string or unicodeReturn a copy of the string S with trailing whitespace removed.If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead.If chars is unicode, S will be converted to unicode before stripping"""return ""def split(self, sep=None, maxsplit=None):  """ 分割， maxsplit最多分割几次 """"""S.split([sep [,maxsplit]]) -> list of stringsReturn a list of the words in the string S, using sep as thedelimiter string.  If maxsplit is given, at most maxsplitsplits are done. If sep is not specified or is None, anywhitespace string is a separator and empty strings are removedfrom the result."""return []def splitlines(self, keepends=False):  """ 根据换行分割 """"""S.splitlines(keepends=False) -> list of stringsReturn a list of the lines in S, breaking at line boundaries.Line breaks are not included in the resulting list unless keependsis given and true."""return []def startswith(self, prefix, start=None, end=None):  """ 是否起始 """"""S.startswith(prefix[, start[, end]]) -> boolReturn True if S starts with the specified prefix, False otherwise.With optional start, test S beginning at that position.With optional end, stop comparing S at that position.prefix can also be a tuple of strings to try."""return Falsedef strip(self, chars=None):  """ 移除两段空白 """"""S.strip([chars]) -> string or unicodeReturn a copy of the string S with leading and trailingwhitespace removed.If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead.If chars is unicode, S will be converted to unicode before stripping"""return ""def swapcase(self):  """ 大写变小写，小写变大写 """"""S.swapcase() -> stringReturn a copy of the string S with uppercase charactersconverted to lowercase and vice versa."""return ""def title(self):  """S.title() -> stringReturn a titlecased version of S, i.e. words start with uppercasecharacters, all remaining cased characters have lowercase."""return ""def translate(self, table, deletechars=None):  """转换，需要先做一个对应表，最后一个表示删除字符集合intab = "aeiou"outtab = "12345"trantab = maketrans(intab, outtab)str = "this is string example....wow!!!"print str.translate(trantab, 'xm')""""""S.translate(table [,deletechars]) -> stringReturn a copy of the string S, where all characters occurringin the optional argument deletechars are removed, and theremaining characters have been mapped through the giventranslation table, which must be a string of length 256 or None.If the table argument is None, no translation is applied andthe operation simply removes the characters in deletechars."""return ""def upper(self):  """S.upper() -> stringReturn a copy of the string S converted to uppercase."""return ""def zfill(self, width):  """方法返回指定长度的字符串，原字符串右对齐，前面填充0。""""""S.zfill(width) -> stringPad a numeric string S with zeros on the left, to fill a fieldof the specified width.  The string S is never truncated."""return ""def _formatter_field_name_split(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknownpassdef _formatter_parser(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknownpassdef __add__(self, y):  """ x.__add__(y) <==> x+y """passdef __contains__(self, y):  """ x.__contains__(y) <==> y in x """passdef __eq__(self, y):  """ x.__eq__(y) <==> x==y """passdef __format__(self, format_spec):  """S.__format__(format_spec) -> stringReturn a formatted version of S as described by format_spec."""return ""def __getattribute__(self, name):  """ x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name """passdef __getitem__(self, y):  """ x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y] """passdef __getnewargs__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknownpassdef __getslice__(self, i, j):  """x.__getslice__(i, j) <==> x[i:j]Use of negative indices is not supported."""passdef __ge__(self, y):  """ x.__ge__(y) <==> x>=y """passdef __gt__(self, y):  """ x.__gt__(y) <==> x>y """passdef __hash__(self):  """ x.__hash__() <==> hash(x) """passdef __init__(self, string=''): # known special case of str.__init__"""str(object='') -> stringReturn a nice string representation of the object.If the argument is a string, the return value is the same object.# (copied from class doc)"""passdef __len__(self):  """ x.__len__() <==> len(x) """passdef __le__(self, y):  """ x.__le__(y) <==> x<=y """passdef __lt__(self, y):  """ x.__lt__(y) <==> x<y """passdef __mod__(self, y):  """ x.__mod__(y) <==> x%y """passdef __mul__(self, n):  """ x.__mul__(n) <==> x*n """pass@staticmethod # known case of __new__def __new__(S, *more):  """ T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T """passdef __ne__(self, y):  """ x.__ne__(y) <==> x!=y """passdef __repr__(self):  """ x.__repr__() <==> repr(x) """passdef __rmod__(self, y):  """ x.__rmod__(y) <==> y%x """passdef __rmul__(self, n):  """ x.__rmul__(n) <==> n*x """passdef __sizeof__(self):  """ S.__sizeof__() -> size of S in memory, in bytes """passdef __str__(self):  """ x.__str__() <==> str(x) """pass

 

3.【列表】，list   （可以修改）

name = "aslan"
a1 = 18
#创建列表
name_list = ["hsy","aslan","big"]

#索引
print(name_list[1])

#切片
print(name_list[0:2])

#len  大于等于2，小于3
print(name_list[2:len(name_list)])

#循环for
for i in name_list:
    print(i)

#append追加(括号里可以追加元素)——在列表后边追加一个元素
name_list.append('abc')
print(name_list)

#count查看列表里有某个元素有几个
print(name_list.count('hsy'))

#interable 可迭代的（只要能通过for循环都是可迭代的）
a2 = [123,456,789]      #批量添加
name_list.extend(a2)  #通过extend将一个列表添加到一个列表里
print(name_list)      #通过extend成功将a2列表中的元素添加到name_list列表中

#index 获取指定元素的索引位置（列表里的元素序列号都是从0开始的）
print(name_list.index('big'))

#list 向指定索引位置插入一个元素
name_list.insert(1,'hesiyuan')
print(name_list)

#pop 移除列表中最后一个元素并赋值给指定的变量名
a3 = name_list.pop()    #将列表最后一个元素移除并赋值给a3
print(name_list)
print(a3)

#remove 移除列表中一个指定元素并且每次只能移除一个
name_list.remove('hesiyuan')
print(name_list)

#reverse 反转，将整个列表顺序颠倒，倒序输出
name_list.reverse()
print(name_list)

#del 删除指定索引位置
print(name_list)
del name_list[1:3]  #删除列表中第1、2的元素删除（从1开始到3之前不包括3）
print(name_list)

 

4.【元组】，tuple     （有序，不可以修改）

 

#新建元组
name_tuple = ('hsy','Aslan')
#索引
print(name_tuple[1])

#len     小于等于2，小于3
print(name_tuple[len(name_tuple)-1])    #输出列表中第三个元素，由于没有第三个所以减一

#切片
print(name_tuple[0:1])

#for    ps:(不要忘记for语句结束要有引号结尾)
for i in name_tuple:
    print(i)

#删除
#del name_tuple[0]  不支持

#count  计算元素出现个数
print(name_tuple.count('hsy'))

#index  获取指定元素的索引位置
print(name_tuple.index('hsy'))

 

5.【字典】 info

#新建字典
#字典的每一个元素就是 ‘键 值 对’
user_info = {
    "name":"hsy",
    "age" : 18,
    "gender": 'M'
}
#索引
print(user_info['name'])
print(user_info['age'])

#循环for  ps:for循环语句结束之后切记要有冒号
for i in user_info:        #在字典里for循环默认只输出key
    print(i)

#获取所有的key
print(user_info.keys())

#获取所有的值
print(user_info.values())

#获取所有的 键 值 对
print(user_info.items())

#for
for i in user_info.keys():
    print(i)
for i in user_info.values():
    print(i)
for i in user_info.items():
    print(i)

#update 更新字典
print(user_info)
test = {
    "a1":123,
    "a2":456
}
user_info.update(test)
print(user_info)

#删除指定索引的键值对
test = {
    "a1":123,
    "a2":456
}
del test['a1']
print(test)

剖析讲解：字典是无序的

user_info = {
    "name":"hsy",
    "age" : 18,
    "gender": 'M'
}
for k,v in user_info.items():
    print(k)
    print(v)

剖析讲解二：get

#get    根据key获取值，如果key不存在，可以指定一个默认值
a1 = user_info.get('age')
print(a1)
a1 = user_info.get('age111','对象不存在')    #可以设置不存在的值的报错信息
print(a1)
#ps:索引取值时，key不存在，报错
#  get取值时，不会报错