Map接口是和Collection同等级的根接口，它表示一个键值对（key-value）的映射，每一个key对应一个value，查找Map中的数据，总是根据key来获取，所以key是不可重复的。

1.Map接口

Map集合的特点：

1）Map集合是双边队列的，通过键值对（key-value）来进行存储数据

2）key值不能重复，value值可以重复

Map集合下面常用的方法：

增加：put（K key, V value）；存放的是一个键值对的数据

putAll(Map<? extends K> k, Map<? extends V> v);将一个map集合存放到另一个map集合

删除：remove(Object k);通过键删除整个键值对，并返回被删除的值

修改：put(K key, V value); 当key存在的时候，就修改。当key不存在时，就添加

查询：boolean isEmpty();是否为空，map集合为空就返回true，不为空就返回false

boolean containsKey();是否包含这个键

boolean containsValue();是否包含这个值

V get(Object k);通过键获取值

Collection<V> values();获取map集合中所有的value值，返回的是Collection集合

Set<Map.entry<K, V>>entrySet()`;将键值对实体成一个Set集合

示例

public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
HashMap<String, String> map = new HashMap<String, String>();
map.put("01", "哈哈");
map.put("02", "嘻嘻");
map.put("03", "嘿嘿");
map.put("03", "呵呵");
System.out.println(map);
HashMap<String, String> map1 = new HashMap<String, String>();
map1.put("07", "呼呼");
map1.put("08", "哦哦");
map1.put("01", "哈哈哈");
map.putAll(map1);
System.out.println(map);
System.out.println(map.remove("07"));
System.out.println(map);
map.put("01", "哈哈");
System.out.println(map);
System.out.println(map.isEmpty());
System.out.println(map.size());
System.out.println(map.containsKey("08"));
System.out.println(map.containsValue("嘿嘿嘿"));Set<String> set = map.keySet();
System.out.println(set);
System.out.println(map.get("01"));
Collection<String> collection = map.values();
System.out.println(collection);Set<Map.Entry<String, String>> set1 = map.entrySet();
System.out.println(set1);
for (Entry<String, String> entry : set1) {
System.out.println(entry.getKey());
System.out.println(entry.getValue());}}
}

2.Map的子类

1）HashMap<K, V> 底层是哈希表数据结构,基于hash值进行存储的，依靠key,要保证键的唯一性，需要覆盖hashCode方法，和equals方法。

示例

class Person {private String name;private int age;Person() {}public Person(String name, int age) {this.name = name;this.age = age;}public String getName() {return name;}public void setName(String name) {this.name = name;}public int getAge() {return age;}public void setAge(int age) {this.age = age;}@Overridepublic int hashCode() {return this.name.hashCode() + age * 37;}@Overridepublic boolean equals(Object obj) {if (obj instanceof Person) {Person p = (Person) obj;return this.name.equals(p.name) && this.age == p.age;} else {return false;}}@Overridepublic String toString() {return "Person@name:" + this.name + " age:" + this.age;}
}
public class Test {public static void main(String[] args) {HashMap<Person, String> hm = new HashMap<Person, String>();hm.put(new Person("jack", 20), "1001");hm.put(new Person("rose", 18), "1002");hm.put(new Person("lucy", 19), "1003");hm.put(new Person("hmm", 17), "1004");hm.put(new Person("ll", 25), "1005");System.out.println(hm);System.out.println(hm.put(new Person("rose", 18), "1006"));Set<Entry<Person, String>> entrySet = hm.entrySet();Iterator<Entry<Person, String>> it = entrySet.iterator();while (it.hasNext()) {Entry<Person, String> next = it.next();Person key = next.getKey();String value = next.getValue();System.out.println(key + " = " + value);}}}
}

2）TreeMap<K, V> 基于二叉树进行存储的，存储的形式也是key,实现了SortedMap接口会对key值进行排序。

示例

class Student implements Comparable<Student>{
private String name;
private int age;
public Student(String name, int age) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Student [name=" + name + ", age=" + age + "]";
}
@Override
public int compareTo(Student o) {
int n1 = this.age - o.age;
int n2 = this.name.compareTo(o.name);if (n1 == 0) {return n2;} else {return n1;}}
}public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Student stu1 = new Student("张三", 12);
Student stu3 = new Student("李四", 20);
Student stu2 = new Student("王五", 23);
Student stu4 = new Student("马六", 13);
Student stu5 = new Student("赵二", 13);TreeMap<Student, String> treeMap = new TreeMap<Student, String>();
treeMap.put(stu1, "踏实");
treeMap.put(stu2, "勤奋");
treeMap.put(stu3, "刻苦");
treeMap.put(stu4, "愚钝");
treeMap.put(stu5, "懒散");
System.out.println(treeMap);
}}