Redis数据类型

1. 常见数据类型如下：（参考Http://redisdoc.com/）

   1. String/字符串
   2. Hash/哈希
   3. List/列表
   4. Set/集合
   5. Zset/sorted set有序集合

2. KEY的操作：（小写key代表键名，小写db代表数据库角标，小写second代表秒数）

   1. KEYS *：查看当前数据库的所有键值，若没有返回空(empty list or set)
   2. EXISTS key：存在key的值返回1，不存在返回0
   3. MOVE key db：移动key到其他数据库(db)，key不存在返回0，数据库不存在报错(error) ERR index out of range
   4. EXPIRE key second：给制定key设置过期时间，key不存在则失败返回0
   5. TTL key：查看制定key的剩余时间(-2~正无穷大)，永久返回-1，已过期返回-2

3. String/字符串的操作：单值单value

   1. SET key xxx/GET key/DEL key/APPEND key xxx/STRLEN key：设值(可覆盖)，取值(不存在返回nil)，删除(成功返回1失败返回0)，追加(key存在返回其长度，不存在则相当于新增)，求长度(不存在返回0)
   2. INCR key/DECR key/INCRBY key n/DECRBY key n：给指定key+1/-1/+n/-n(若不存在则新增key，且值为1或n)
   3. GETRANGE key m n/SETRANGE key n xxx：取指定key的[m,n]的值，从0开始，-1代表最后一位。-2代表倒数第二位/将指定key的值从第n为开始设置为xxx，会覆盖回追加
   4. SETEX key second xxx/ SETNX key xxx：(setex:set with expire)设置带过期时间的值(可覆盖可新增)/(setnx:set if not exist)先判断key是否存在，不存在时设值，存在失败返回0
   5. MSET key1 xxx key2 xxx key3 xxx …/MGET key1 key2 key 3 …/MSETNX key1 xxx key2 xxx key3 xxx… ：设置多个key的值/取得多个key的值/设置多个key的值(全部不存在时才设置，否则返回0)

4. GETSET key xxx：先取值再设置值，若不不存在key则返回nil后设置值

5. List/列表：单值多value

   1. LPUSH key v1 v2 v3 …/rpush key v1 v2 v3 …/lrange key m n：从左往右添加/从右往左添加/从左往右取值，[m,n]
   2. LPOP key/RPOP key ：从左边出一个值/从右边出一个值
   3. LINDEX key index：(lindex key index)通过索引获取列表中角标为index的元素
   4. LLEN key：获取指定key的长度
   5. LREM key value ：再key中删N个值相同的value，不够则全删，返回删除的个数
   6. LTRIM key m n：截取指定范围[m,n]的值后再赋值给这个key，越界则截取[m,n]覆盖的值
   7. RPOPLPUSH key1 key2：移除key1列表的最后一个元素，并将该元素添加到另一个列表key2(不存在则新建)，并返回
   8. LSET key index xxx：将xxx插如key中的index位置，若index越界则报错(error) ERR index out of range
   9. LINSERT key before/after xxx1 xxx2：将xxx2插入到xxx1的前面/后面，若xxx1不存在则插入失败返回-1
   10. 总结：List是一个字符串链表，left、right都可以插入添加；如果键不存在，创建新的链表；如果键已存在，新增内容；如果值全移除，对应的键也就消失了。链表的操作无论是头和尾效率都极高，但是对中间元素进行操作时，效率就很低了。

6. Hash/哈希：KV模式不变，但V是一个键值对

   1. HSET hashname key xxx/HGET hashname key/HMSET hashname key1 xx1 key2 x2 …/HMGET hashname key1 key2 …/HGETALL hashname/HDEL hashname：

      127.0.0.1:6379> HSET h1 k1 v1
      (integer) 1
      127.0.0.1:6379> HGET h1 k1
      "v1"
      127.0.0.1:6379> HMSET h1 k2 v2 k3 v3 k4 v4
      OK
      127.0.0.1:6379> HMGET h1 k1 k2 k3 k4
      1) "v1"
      2) "v2"
      3) "v3"
      4) "v4"
      127.0.0.1:6379> HGETALL h1
      1) "k1"
      2) "v1"
      3) "k2"
      4) "v2"
      5) "k3"
      6) "v3"
      7) "k4"
      8) "v4"
      127.0.0.1:6379> HDEL h1 k4
      (integer) 1
      127.0.0.1:6379> HGETALL h1
      1) "k1"
      2) "v1"
      3) "k2"
      4) "v2"
      5) "k3"
      6) "v3"
      127.0.0.1:6379> 
      

   2. HLEN hashname：

      127.0.0.1:6379> HGETALL h1
      1) "k1"
      2) "v1"
      3) "k2"
      4) "v2"
      5) "k3"
      6) "v3"
      127.0.0.1:6379> HLEN h1
      (integer) 3
      127.0.0.1:6379> 
      

   3. HEXISTS hashname key：

   127.0.0.1:6379> HEXISTS h1 k1
   (integer) 1
   127.0.0.1:6379> HEXISTS h1 k5
   (integer) 0
   127.0.0.1:6379> HEXISTS h2 k5
   (integer) 0
   127.0.0.1:6379> HEXISTS h2
   (error) ERR wrong number of arguments for 'hexists' command
   127.0.0.1:6379> HEXISTS k1
   (error) ERR wrong number of arguments for 'hexists' command
   

   4. HKEYS hashname/HVALS hashname：

   127.0.0.1:6379> HKEYS h1
   1) "k1"
   2) "k2"
   3) "k3"
   127.0.0.1:6379> HVALS h1
   1) "v1"
   2) "v2"
   3) "v3"
   127.0.0.1:6379> 
   

   5. HINCRBY hashname key n/HINCRBYFLOAT hashname key n.m：

   127.0.0.1:6379> hget h1 k4
   "2"
   127.0.0.1:6379> HINCRBY h1 k4
   (error) ERR wrong number of arguments for 'hincrby' command
   127.0.0.1:6379> HINCRBY h1 k4 8
   (integer) 10
   127.0.0.1:6379> HGET h1 k4
   "10"
   127.0.0.1:6379> HINCRBYFLOAT h1 k4 2.5
   "12.5"
   127.0.0.1:6379> HGET h1 k4
   "12.5"
   127.0.0.1:6379>
   

   6. HSETNX hashname key xxx：key不存在赋值，存在则无效

      127.0.0.1:6379> HSETNX h1 k6 20
      (integer) 1
      127.0.0.1:6379> HGET h1 k6
      "20"
      127.0.0.1:6379> HSETNX h1 k6 25
      (integer) 0
      127.0.0.1:6379> HGET h1 k6
      "20"
      127.0.0.1:6379>
      

7. Set/集合：（单值多value，同List）

   1. SADD key xx1 xx2 …/SMEMBERS key/sismember：

   127.0.0.1:6379> SADD s1 v1 
   (integer) 1
   127.0.0.1:6379> SADD s1 v1 
   (integer) 0
   127.0.0.1:6379> SADD s2 a2 b2 c2
   (integer) 3
   127.0.0.1:6379> SMEMBERS s1
   1) "v1"
   127.0.0.1:6379> SMEMBERS s2
   1) "a2"
   2) "c2"
   3) "b2"127.0.0.1:6379> SISMEMBER s1 v1
   (integer) 1
   127.0.0.1:6379> SISMEMBER s1 v2
   (integer) 0
   127.0.0.1:6379> SISMEMBER s2 a1
   (integer) 0
   127.0.0.1:6379> SISMEMBER s2 a2
   (integer) 1
   127.0.0.1:6379>
   

   2. SCARD：获取集合里面的元素个数

      127.0.0.1:6379> SCARD s1
      (integer) 1
      127.0.0.1:6379> SCARD s2
      (integer) 3
      127.0.0.1:6379>
      

   3. SREM key xxx：删除集合中元素

   127.0.0.1:6379> SREM s1 v1
   (integer) 1
   127.0.0.1:6379> SREM s1 v1
   (integer) 0
   127.0.0.1:6379> SMEMBERS s1
   (empty list or set)
   127.0.0.1:6379> 
   

   5. SRANDMEMBER key 某个整数(随机出几个数)

   127.0.0.1:6379> SRANDMEMBER s2
   "b2"
   127.0.0.1:6379> SRANDMEMBER s2
   "a2"
   127.0.0.1:6379> SRANDMEMBER s2
   "a2"
   127.0.0.1:6379> SRANDMEMBER s2
   "b2"
   127.0.0.1:6379> SRANDMEMBER s2
   "c2"
   127.0.0.1:6379>
   

   6. SPOP key ：随机出栈

   127.0.0.1:6379> SPOP s2
   "a2"
   127.0.0.1:6379> SPOP s2
   "c2"
   127.0.0.1:6379> SPOP s2
   "b2"
   127.0.0.1:6379> SMEMBERS s2
   (empty list or set)
   127.0.0.1:6379>
   

   7. SMOVE key1 key2 xxx：将key1里的某个值xxx赋给key2

   127.0.0.1:6379> SMEMBERS s1
   1) "v1"
   127.0.0.1:6379> SMEMBERS s2
   1) "v2"
   2) "c2"
   3) "a1"
   4) "b2"
   127.0.0.1:6379> SMOVE s1 s2 v1
   (integer) 1
   127.0.0.1:6379> SMEMBERS s2
   1) "v2"
   2) "c2"
   3) "a1"
   4) "b2"
   5) "v1"
   127.0.0.1:6379> SMEMBERS s1
   (empty list or set)127.0.0.1:6379> SMEMBERS s1
   (empty list or set)
   127.0.0.1:6379> SMOVE s1 s2 v1
   (integer) 0
   127.0.0.1:6379> sadd s1 v1
   (integer) 1
   127.0.0.1:6379> SMOVE s1 s3 v1
   (integer) 1
   127.0.0.1:6379>
   

   8. 数学集合类：SXXX key1 key2（SDIFF：差集、SINTER：交集、SUNION：并集）

      127.0.0.1:6379> SMEMBERS s1
      1) "v1"
      2) "v2"
      3) "v3"
      127.0.0.1:6379> SMEMBERS s2
      1) "v2"
      2) "c2"
      3) "a1"
      4) "b2"
      5) "v1"127.0.0.1:6379> SDIFF s1 s2
      1) "v3"
      127.0.0.1:6379> SINTER s1 s2
      1) "v1"
      2) "v2"
      127.0.0.1:6379> SUNION s1 s2
      1) "v3"
      2) "v1"
      3) "v2"
      4) "a1"
      5) "c2"
      6) "b2"
      127.0.0.1:6379> 

8. Zset/sorted set有序集合：

   1. ZADD zsetname score1 xx1 score2 xx2 … / ZRANGE zsetname m n / ZRANGE zsetname m n withscores

      127.0.0.1:6379> ZADD z1 60 d 70 c 80 b 90 a
      (integer) 4
      127.0.0.1:6379> ZADD z1 60 d 70 c 80 b 90 a
      (integer) 0
      127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGE z1 0 -1
      1) "d"
      2) "c"
      3) "b"
      4) "a"
      127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGE z1 0 -1 withscores
      1) "d"
      2) "60"
      3) "c"
      4) "70"
      5) "b"
      6) "80"
      7) "a"
      8) "90"
      127.0.0.1:6379>
      

   2. ZRANGEBYSCORE ：

      1. ZRANGEBYSCORE zsetname m n：查出score为[m,n]的value

      127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGEBYSCORE z1 60 80
      1) "d"
      2) "c"
      3) "b"
      127.0.0.1:6379> 
      

      2. ZRANGEBYSCORE zsetname m n withscores：查出score为[m,n]的value，带scores

      127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGEBYSCORE z1 60 80 withscores
      1) "d"
      2) "60"
      3) "c"
      4) "70"
      5) "b"
      6) "80"
      127.0.0.1:6379> 
      

      3. ZRANGEBYSCORE zsetname (m (n：“(”表示开区间

      127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGEBYSCORE z1 (60 (80 withscores
      1) "c"
      2) "70"
      127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGEBYSCORE z1 (60 (80 
      1) "c"
      127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGEBYSCORE z1 (60 80 
      1) "c"
      2) "b"
      127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGEBYSCORE z1 60 (80 
      1) "d"
      2) "c"
      127.0.0.1:6379>
      

   3. ZRANGEBYSCORE zsetname m n limit index k：limit 作用是返回限制、index是开始下标步、k是几步

      127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGEBYSCORE z1  0 100 withscores1) "g"2) "30"3) "f"4) "40"5) "e"6) "50"7) "d"8) "60"9) "c"
      10) "70"
      11) "b"
      12) "80"
      13) "a"
      14) "90"
      127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGEBYSCORE z1 40 80 limit 1 3
      1) "e"
      2) "d"
      3) "c"
      127.0.0.1:6379>   
      

   4. ZREM zsetname xxx：删除元素xxx为score下对应的value值

      127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGEBYSCORE z1  0 100 withscores1) "g"2) "30"3) "f"4) "40"5) "e"6) "50"7) "d"8) "60"9) "c"
      10) "70"
      11) "b"
      12) "80"
      13) "a"
      14) "90"
      127.0.0.1:6379> ZREM z1 g
      (integer) 1
      127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGEBYSCORE z1  0 100 withscores1) "f"2) "40"3) "e"4) "50"5) "d"6) "60"7) "c"8) "70"9) "b"
      10) "80"
      11) "a"
      12) "90"
      127.0.0.1:6379>
      

   5. ZCARD zsetname(获取集合中元素个数)/ZCOUNT zsetname m n (获取分数[m,n]内元素个数)/ZRANK zsetname xxx(获取xxx在key中的下标位置)/ ZSCORE zsetname xxx(按照值xxx获得对应的分数)：

      127.0.0.1:6379> ZCARD z1
      (integer) 6
      127.0.0.1:6379> ZCOUNT z1 60 80
      (integer) 3
      127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANK z1 b
      (integer) 4
      127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANK z1 d
      (integer) 2
      127.0.0.1:6379> ZSCORE z1 b
      "80"
      127.0.0.1:6379> ZSCORE z1 80
      (nil)
      127.0.0.1:6379> ZSCORE z1 c
      "70"
      127.0.0.1:6379>
      

   6. ZRANK zsetname xxx / ZREVRANK zsetname xxx：获得下标值，逆序获得下标值

      127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANK z1 a
      (integer) 5
      127.0.0.1:6379> ZREVRANK z1 a
      (integer) 0
      127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANK z1 b
      (integer) 4
      127.0.0.1:6379> ZREVRANK z1 b
      (integer) 1
      127.0.0.1:6379>
      

   7. ZREVRANGE zsetname m n / ZREVRANGE zsetname m n withscores：

      127.0.0.1:6379> ZREVRANGE z1 0 -1 
      1) "a"
      2) "b"
      3) "c"
      4) "d"
      5) "e"
      6) "f"
      127.0.0.1:6379> ZREVRANGE z1 0 -1 withscores1) "a"2) "90"3) "b"4) "80"5) "c"6) "70"7) "d"8) "60"9) "e"
      10) "50"
      11) "f"
      12) "40"
      127.0.0.1:6379>
      

   8. ZREVRANGEBYSCORE zsetname m n / ZRANGEBYSCORE zsetname m n / ZREVRANGEBYSCORE zsetname m n withscores：

      127.0.0.1:6379> ZREVRANGEBYSCORE z1 90 60
      1) "a"
      2) "b"
      3) "c"
      4) "d"
      127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGEBYSCORE z1 60 90
      1) "d"
      2) "c"
      3) "b"
      4) "a"
      127.0.0.1:6379>