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解题思路：略。

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AC 代码

// 方法1:CyclicBarrier
class FizzBuzz {private int n;private CyclicBarrier cb = new CyclicBarrier(4);public FizzBuzz(int n) {this.n = n;}// printFizz.run() outputs "fizz".public void fizz(Runnable printFizz) throws InterruptedException {for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {if (i % 3 == 0 && i % 5 != 0) {printFizz.run();}try {cb.await();} catch (BrokenBarrierException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}}// printBuzz.run() outputs "buzz".public void buzz(Runnable printBuzz) throws InterruptedException {for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {if (i % 3 != 0 && i % 5 == 0) {printBuzz.run();}try {cb.await();} catch (BrokenBarrierException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}}// printFizzBuzz.run() outputs "fizzbuzz".public void fizzbuzz(Runnable printFizzBuzz) throws InterruptedException {for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {if (i % 3 == 0 && i % 5 == 0) {printFizzBuzz.run();}try {cb.await();} catch (BrokenBarrierException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}}// printNumber.accept(x) outputs "x", where x is an integer.public void number(IntConsumer printNumber) throws InterruptedException {for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {if (i % 3 != 0 && i % 5 != 0) {printNumber.accept(i);}try {cb.await();} catch (BrokenBarrierException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}}
}// 方法2:Semaphore
class FizzBuzz {private int n;private Semaphore number = new Semaphore(1);private Semaphore fizz = new Semaphore(0);private Semaphore buzz = new Semaphore(0);private Semaphore fizzbuzz = new Semaphore(0);public FizzBuzz(int n) {this.n = n;}// printFizz.run() outputs "fizz".public void fizz(Runnable printFizz) throws InterruptedException {for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {if (i % 3 == 0 && i % 5 != 0) {fizz.acquire();printFizz.run();number.release();}}}// printBuzz.run() outputs "buzz".public void buzz(Runnable printBuzz) throws InterruptedException {for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {if (i % 3 != 0 && i % 5 == 0) {buzz.acquire();printBuzz.run();number.release();}}}// printFizzBuzz.run() outputs "fizzbuzz".public void fizzbuzz(Runnable printFizzBuzz) throws InterruptedException {for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {if (i % 3 == 0 && i % 5 == 0) {fizzbuzz.acquire();printFizzBuzz.run();number.release();}}}// printNumber.accept(x) outputs "x", where x is an integer.public void number(IntConsumer printNumber) throws InterruptedException {for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {number.acquire();if (i % 3 != 0 && i % 5 != 0) {//开始打印printNumber.accept(i);number.release();} else if (i % 3 == 0 && i % 5 != 0) {//fizz开始打印fizz.release();} else if (i % 3 != 0 && i % 5 == 0) {//buzz开始打印buzz.release();} else {fizzbuzz.release();//fizzbuzz开始打印}}}
}// 方法3:Semaphore
class FizzBuzz {private int n;private Semaphore semaphore = new Semaphore(1);private int cur = 1;public FizzBuzz(int n) {this.n = n;}// printFizz.run() outputs "fizz".public void fizz(Runnable printFizz) throws InterruptedException {while (true) {semaphore.acquire(1);try {// 原因就在这里，循环过程中如果打印的字符串个数已经满足要求，那么会使用return来返回，终止该方法的执行。// 但是咱们已经获取了信号量，那么在方法返回前需要释放该信号量，否则会导致其它线程一直等待，整个程序一直不结束。// Java语言中try-finally可以做到这一点，try-finally代码块也是常用的一种释放资源（IO流、数据库连接等）的方式。// 不是程序死循环，而是其它线程在wait，导致无法退出。if (cur > n) return;if (cur % 3 == 0 && cur % 5 != 0) {cur++;printFizz.run();}} finally {semaphore.release(1);}}}// printBuzz.run() outputs "buzz".public void buzz(Runnable printBuzz) throws InterruptedException {while (true) {semaphore.acquire(1);try {if (cur > n) return;if (cur % 3 != 0 && cur % 5 == 0) {cur++;printBuzz.run();}} finally {semaphore.release(1);}}}// printFizzBuzz.run() outputs "fizzbuzz".public void fizzbuzz(Runnable printFizzBuzz) throws InterruptedException {while (true) {semaphore.acquire(1);try {if (cur > n) return;if (cur % 3 == 0 && cur % 5 == 0) {cur++;printFizzBuzz.run();}} finally {semaphore.release(1);}}}// printNumber.accept(x) outputs "x", where x is an integer.public void number(IntConsumer printNumber) throws InterruptedException {while (true) {semaphore.acquire(1);try {if (cur > n) return;if (cur % 3 != 0 && cur % 5 != 0) {printNumber.accept(cur);cur++;}} finally {semaphore.release(1);}}}
}// 方法4:Thread.yield()
class FizzBuzz {private int n;private volatile int state = 0; public FizzBuzz(int n) {this.n = n;}public void fizz(Runnable printFizz) throws InterruptedException {for (int i = 3; i <= n; i += 3) {   //只输出3的倍数(不包含15的倍数)if (i % 15 == 0) continue;   //15的倍数不处理，交给fizzbuzz()方法处理while (state != 3)Thread.yield();printFizz.run();state = 0;}}public void buzz(Runnable printBuzz) throws InterruptedException {for (int i = 5; i <= n; i += 5) {   //只输出5的倍数(不包含15的倍数)if (i % 15 == 0)    //15的倍数不处理，交给fizzbuzz()方法处理continue;while (state != 5)Thread.yield();printBuzz.run();state = 0;}}public void fizzbuzz(Runnable printFizzBuzz) throws InterruptedException {for (int i = 15; i <= n; i += 15) {   //只输出15的倍数while (state != 15)Thread.yield();printFizzBuzz.run();state = 0;}}public void number(IntConsumer printNumber) throws InterruptedException {for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) {while (state != 0)Thread.yield();if (i % 3 != 0 && i % 5 != 0)printNumber.accept(i);else {if (i % 15 == 0)state = 15;    //交给fizzbuzz()方法处理else if (i % 5 == 0)state = 5;    //交给buzz()方法处理elsestate = 3;    //交给fizz()方法处理}}}
}// 方法5:ReentrantLock+Condition
class FizzBuzz {private int n;private ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();int state = 0;private Condition condition = lock.newCondition();public FizzBuzz(int n) {this.n = n;}// printFizz.run() outputs "fizz".public void fizz(Runnable printFizz) throws InterruptedException {for (int i = 3; i <= n; i += 3) {try {if (i % 3 == 0 && i % 5 == 0) continue;lock.lock();while (state != 3) {condition.await();}printFizz.run();state = 0;condition.signalAll();} finally {lock.unlock();}}}// printBuzz.run() outputs "buzz".public void buzz(Runnable printBuzz) throws InterruptedException {for (int i = 5; i <= n; i += 5) {try {if (i % 3 == 0 && i % 5 == 0) continue;lock.lock();while (state != 5) {condition.await();}printBuzz.run();state = 0;condition.signalAll();} finally {lock.unlock();}}}// printFizzBuzz.run() outputs "fizzbuzz".public void fizzbuzz(Runnable printFizzBuzz) throws InterruptedException {for (int i = 15; i <= n; i += 15) {try {lock.lock();while (state != 15) {condition.await();}printFizzBuzz.run();state = 0;condition.signalAll();} finally {lock.unlock();}}}// printNumber.accept(x) outputs "x", where x is an integer.public void number(IntConsumer printNumber) throws InterruptedException {for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {try {lock.lock();while (state != 0) {condition.await();}if (i % 3 != 0 && i % 5 != 0) {printNumber.accept(i);} else {if (i % 3 == 0 && i % 5 == 0) state = 15;else if (i % 3 == 0) state = 3;else if (i % 5 == 0) state = 5;condition.signalAll();}} finally {lock.unlock();}}}
}// 方法6:ReentrantLock+Condition
class FizzBuzz {private int n;private final ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();private final Condition condition = lock.newCondition();private int i = 1;public FizzBuzz(int n) {this.n = n;}// printFizz.run() outputs "fizz".public void fizz(Runnable printFizz) throws InterruptedException {while (true) {try {lock.lock();if (i > n) {return;}while (i % 3 != 0) {condition.signalAll();condition.await();if (i > n) {return;}}printFizz.run();i++;} finally {condition.signalAll();lock.unlock();}}}// printBuzz.run() outputs "buzz".public void buzz(Runnable printBuzz) throws InterruptedException {while (true) {try {lock.lock();if (i > n) {return;}while (i % 5 != 0) {condition.signalAll();condition.await();if (i > n) {return;}}printBuzz.run();i++;} finally {condition.signalAll();lock.unlock();}}}// printFizzBuzz.run() outputs "fizzbuzz".public void fizzbuzz(Runnable printFizzBuzz) throws InterruptedException {while (true) {try {lock.lock();if (i > n) {return;}while (!(i % 3 == 0 && i % 5 == 0)) {condition.signalAll();condition.await();if (i > n) {return;}}printFizzBuzz.run();i++;} finally {condition.signalAll();lock.unlock();}}}// printNumber.accept(x) outputs "x", where x is an integer.public void number(IntConsumer printNumber) throws InterruptedException {while (true) {try {lock.lock();if (i > n) {return;}while (i % 3 == 0 || i % 5 == 0) {condition.signalAll();condition.await();if (i > n) {return;}}printNumber.accept(i);i++;} finally {condition.signalAll();lock.unlock();}}}
}