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前言

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一、required验证器

1.required: true

代码如下：

const booksSchema = new mongoose.Schema({name: {type: String,required: true // required为true，表示必填字段}
})
const books = mongoose.model('book', booksSchema)books.create({}, (err, res) => {if (err) {console.log(err)return err}console.log(res)
})

执行结果：因为name为必填字段，插入文档时没有填写，所以报错。

name: ValidatorError: Path `name` is required.

2.required: [true, ‘自定义错误信息’]

代码如下：

const booksSchema = new mongoose.Schema({name: {type: String,required: [true, 'name为必填字段']}
})
const books = mongoose.model('book', booksSchema)books.create({}, (err, res) => {if (err) {console.log(err)return err}console.log(res)
})

执行结果：

name: ValidatorError: name为必填字段

二、String类型中的 enum、 maxlength 和 minlength 验证器

1.minlength、maxlength验证器

代码如下：

const booksSchema = new mongoose.Schema({name: {type: String,required: [true, 'name为必填字段'],minlength: [2, 'name字段最小长度为2'],maxlength: [8, 'name字段最大长度为8']}
})
const books = mongoose.model('book', booksSchema)books.create({ name: 'aaaaaaaaaaaaaaa' }, (err, res) => {if (err) {console.log(err)return err}console.log(res)
})

执行结果：

name: ValidatorError: name字段最大长度为8

2.enum 验证器

代码如下：

const booksSchema = new mongoose.Schema({name: {type: String,required: [true, 'name为必填字段'],minlength: [2, 'name字段最小长度为2'],maxlength: [8, 'name字段最大长度为8']},type: {type: String,enum: ['仙侠修真', '恐怖悬疑', '热血冒险']// type字段的值只能是这三个}
})
const books = mongoose.model('book', booksSchema)books.create({ name: '凡人修仙传', type: '修仙' }, (err, res) => {if (err) {console.log(err)return err}console.log(res)
})

执行结果：

type: ValidatorError: `修仙` is not a valid enum value for path `type`.

三、Number类型中的 max 和 min 验证器

代码如下：

const booksSchema = new mongoose.Schema({name: {type: String,required: [true, 'name为必填字段'],minlength: [2, 'name字段最小长度为2'],maxlength: [8, 'name字段最大长度为8'],trim: true // 去除字符串两端空格},type: {type: String,enum: ['仙侠修真', '恐怖悬疑', '热血冒险']},number: {type: Number,min: [0, 'number字段最小数值为0'],max: [10, 'number字段最大数值为10'],required: true}
})
const books = mongoose.model('book', booksSchema)books.create({ name: '   凡人修仙传   ', type: '仙侠修真', number: 100 }, (err, res) => {if (err) {console.log(err)return err}console.log(res)
})

执行结果：

number: ValidatorError: number字段最大数值为10

四、自定义验证器

代码如下：

const booksSchema = new mongoose.Schema({name: {type: String,required: [true, 'name为必填字段'],minlength: [2, 'name字段最小长度为2'],maxlength: [8, 'name字段最大长度为8'],trim: true // 去除字符串两端空格},type: {type: String,enum: ['仙侠修真', '恐怖悬疑', '热血冒险']},number: {type: Number,min: [0, 'number字段最小数值为0'],max: [10, 'number字段最大数值为10'],required: true},author: {type: String,validate: {validator: (value) => { // value为传入的值// 返回true验证成功，返回false验证失败return value == '忘语'},message: '作者名字写错了' // 自定义错误信息},required: true}
})
const books = mongoose.model('book', booksSchema)books.create({ name: '   凡人修仙传   ', type: '仙侠修真', number: 10, author: '忘语111' }, (err, res) => {if (err) {console.log(err)return err}console.log(res)
})

执行结果：

author: ValidatorError: 作者名字写错了

更改代码：

books.create({ name: '   凡人修仙传   ', type: '仙侠修真', number: 10, author: '忘语' }, (err, res) => {if (err) {console.log(err)return err}console.log(res)
})

文档插入成功：

{name: '凡人修仙传',type: '仙侠修真',number: 10,author: '忘语',_id: new ObjectId("61e25424dc01768d7b9dec8b"),__v: 0
}

五、获取错误信息

其中number字段和author字段是填写错误的：

const booksSchema = new mongoose.Schema({name: {type: String,required: [true, 'name为必填字段'],minlength: [2, 'name字段最小长度为2'],maxlength: [8, 'name字段最大长度为8'],trim: true // 去除字符串两端空格},type: {type: String,enum: ['仙侠修真', '恐怖悬疑', '热血冒险']},number: {type: Number,min: [0, 'number字段最小数值为0'],max: [10, 'number字段最大数值为10'],required: true},author: {type: String,validate: {validator: (value) => { // value为传入的值// 返回true验证成功，返回false验证失败return value == '忘语'},message: '作者名字写错了' // 自定义错误信息},required: true}
})
const books = mongoose.model('book', booksSchema)books.create({ name: '   凡人修仙传   ', type: '仙侠修真', number: 200, author: '忘语111' }, (err, res) => {if (err) {console.log(err)return err}console.log(res)
})

错误信息：

Error: book validation failed: number: number字段最大数值为10, author: 作者名字写错了at ValidationError.inspect (D:\vscode\nodejs\FJstudy\mongoose\1.连接数据库\node_modules\mongoose\lib\error\validation.js:48:26)at internal/per_context/primordials.js:23:32at formatValue (internal/util/inspect.js:783:19)at inspect (internal/util/inspect.js:337:10)at formatWithOptionsInternal (internal/util/inspect.js:2016:40)at formatWithOptions (internal/util/inspect.js:1898:10)at console.value (internal/console/constructor.js:323:14)at console.log (internal/console/constructor.js:358:61)at D:\vscode\nodejs\FJstudy\mongoose\1.连接数据库\mongoose验证.js:44:17at D:\vscode\nodejs\FJstudy\mongoose\1.连接数据库\node_modules\mongoose\lib\helpers\promiseOrCallback.js:17:11 {errors: {number: ValidatorError: number字段最大数值为10at validate (D:\vscode\nodejs\FJstudy\mongoose\1.连接数据库\node_modules\mongoose\lib\schematype.js:1277:13)at D:\vscode\nodejs\FJstudy\mongoose\1.连接数据库\node_modules\mongoose\lib\schematype.js:1260:7at Array.forEach (<anonymous>)at SchemaNumber.SchemaType.doValidate (D:\vscode\nodejs\FJstudy\mongoose\1.连接数据库\node_modules\mongoose\lib\schematype.js:1210:14)at D:\vscode\nodejs\FJstudy\mongoose\1.连接数据库\node_modules\mongoose\lib\document.js:2700:18at processTicksAndRejections (internal/process/task_queues.js:75:11) {properties: [Object],kind: 'max',path: 'number',value: 200,reason: undefined,[Symbol(mongoose:validatorError)]: true},author: ValidatorError: 作者名字写错了at validate (D:\vscode\nodejs\FJstudy\mongoose\1.连接数据库\node_modules\mongoose\lib\schematype.js:1277:13)at D:\vscode\nodejs\FJstudy\mongoose\1.连接数据库\node_modules\mongoose\lib\schematype.js:1260:7at Array.forEach (<anonymous>)at SchemaString.SchemaType.doValidate (D:\vscode\nodejs\FJstudy\mongoose\1.连接数据库\node_modules\mongoose\lib\schematype.js:1210:14)at D:\vscode\nodejs\FJstudy\mongoose\1.连接数据库\node_modules\mongoose\lib\document.js:2700:18at processTicksAndRejections (internal/process/task_queues.js:75:11) {properties: [Object],kind: 'user defined',path: 'author',value: '忘语111',reason: undefined,[Symbol(mongoose:validatorError)]: true}},_message: 'book validation failed'
}

更改后的代码如下：

books.create({ name: '   凡人修仙传   ', type: '仙侠修真', number: 200, author: '忘语111' }, (err, res) => {if (err) {// console.log(err.errors)const errors = err.errorsfor (var key in errors) {console.log(errors[key]['properties'][['message']]);}return err}console.log(res)
})

提取后的错误信息：

number字段最大数值为10
作者名字写错了

六、预定义模式修饰符

1、trim

代码如下：

const singersSchema = new mongoose.Schema({name: {type: String,trim: true // 去掉两端空格}
})const Singers = mongoose.model('singer', singersSchema)Singers.create({ name: '  Leslie Cheung  ' }, (err, res) => {if (err)return errconsole.log(res)
})

执行结果：

{name: 'Leslie Cheung',_id: new ObjectId("61e2853521f0e96062807374"),__v: 0
}

2、uppercase

代码如下：

const singersSchema = new mongoose.Schema({name: {type: String,uppercase: true // 字符串全部变为大写}
})const Singers = mongoose.model('singer', singersSchema)Singers.create({ name: '  Leslie Cheung  ' }, (err, res) => {if (err)return errconsole.log(res)
})

执行结果：

{name: '  LESLIE CHEUNG  ',_id: new ObjectId("61e2858a014ba42ff721a82d"),__v: 0
}

3、lowercase

代码如下：

const singersSchema = new mongoose.Schema({name: {type: String,lowercase: true // 字符串全部变为小写}
})const Singers = mongoose.model('singer', singersSchema)Singers.create({ name: '  Leslie Cheung  ' }, (err, res) => {if (err)return errconsole.log(res)
})

执行结果：

{name: '  leslie cheung  ',_id: new ObjectId("61e2860ad35d71722d823831"),__v: 0
}

4、default

代码如下：

const singersSchema = new mongoose.Schema({name: {type: String,default: '张国荣' // 设置默认值}
})const Singers = mongoose.model('singer', singersSchema)Singers.create({}, (err, res) => {if (err)return errconsole.log(res)
})

执行结果：

{ name: '张国荣', _id: new ObjectId("61e28736d8ad21418dc3ff27"), __v: 0 }

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总结