Section I        Use of English 

        People are, on the whole【就全体而论】, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first glance【乍一看】 this might seem like a strength that 1(A.grants【v. 授予，给予；承认】        B.submits【v. 呈递，提交；屈服，不得已接受；建议，主张；使经受，使受到】        C.transmits        D.delivers) the ability to make judgments which are unbiased【adj. 公正的；无偏见的】 by 2(A.minor【adj. 较小的，次要的，轻微的；（疾病）不严重的；n. 未成年人；辅修课程；】        B.external【adj. 外部的，外面的；对外的，与外国有关的；】        C.crucial【adj. 至关重要的，决定性的；】        D.objective【adj. 客观的，不带个人情感的；n. 目的，目标；出击目标】) factors. But Dr Uri Simonsohn speculated【v. 猜测，推测；】 that an inability【n. 无能力；】 to consider the big 3(A.issue        B.vision        C.picture        D.moment) was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samples of imformation they were working with. 4(A.Above all        B.On average        C.In principle        D.For example), he theorized that a judge 5(A.fond        B.fearful        C.capable        D.thoughtless) of appearing too soft 6(A.in        B.for        C.to        D.on) crime might be more likely to send someone to prison 7(A.if        B.until        C.though        D.unless) he had already sentenced【v. 判决；审判；宣判】 five or six other defendants【n. 被告，被告人】 only to forced community service on that day.

        To 8(A. test        B.emphasize        C.share        D.promote) this idea, he turned to the university-admissions process. In theory, the 9(A. decision        B.quality        C.status        D.success) of an applicant should not depend on the few others 10(A.found        B.studied        C.chosen        D.identified) randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr Simonsohn suspected the truth was 11(A.otherwise[adj. 不是那样的，另外情况下的]        B.defensible        C.replaceable        D.exceptional【adj. 卓越的，杰出的；不寻常的，罕见的；】).

        He studied the results of 9,232 MBA interviews 12(A.inspired        B.expressed        C.conducted        D.secured【v. 固定，系牢；锁上；保护，使安全；】) by 31 admissions officers. The interviewers had 13(A.assigned【v. 分配（assign 的过去分词）；指定；委派】       B.rated【估价】        C.matched        D.arranged) applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale 14(A.put        B.got        C.took        D.gave) numerous【adj. 众多的，许多的】 factors into consideration. The scores were 15(A.instead        B. then        C.ever        D.rather) used in conjunction【n. 结合，同时发生；连词；】 with an applicant's score on the Graduate Management Admission Test, or GMAT, a standardized exam which is 16(A.selected        B.passed        C.marked        D.introduced) out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.

         Dr Simonsohn found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one 17(A.below        B.after        C.above        D.before) that, then the score for the next applicant would 18(A.jump        B.float        C.fluctuate        D.drop) by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to 19(A.achieve        B.undo        C.maintain        D.disregard【v. 忽视，轻视，不尊重】) the effects of such a decrease a candidate would need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been 20(A.necessary        B.possible        C.promising        D.helpful).

 翻译：

        总的来说，人们在做个人决定时不善于考虑背景信息。乍一看，这似乎是一种力量，赋予了做出不受外部因素影响的判断的能力。但是Uri Simonsohn博士推测，没有考虑大局的能力会导致决策者对他们所处理的日常信息样本产生偏见。例如，他推理说，如果一个法官害怕在犯罪问题上表现得过于软弱，那么如果他已经在那天判处了另外五、六名被告强迫社区服务，那么他更有可能把某人送进监狱。

        为了验证这一想法，他转向了大学招生程序。从理论上讲，应聘者的成功不应该取决于当天随机挑选的其他几位面试者，但西蒙森博士怀疑事实并非如此。

        他研究了31名招生官进行的9232次MBA面试的结果。面试官给申请人打了1到5分的分数。这个规模考虑了许多因素。然后，这些分数将与申请人在管理学研究生入学考试(GMAT)中的分数结合，来决定是否录取他或她。GMAT是一种标准化考试，满分为800分。

        Simonsohn博士发现，如果在每天一系列的面试者中，前一个应聘者的分数比前一个高出0.75分或更多，那么下一个应聘者的分数将平均下降0.075分。这听起来可能很小，但要想消除这种下降的影响，考生需要比正常情况多出30分。