注：以下内容为学习笔记，多数是从书本、资料中得来，只为加深印象，及日后参考。然而本人表达能力较差，写的不好。因非翻译、非转载，只好选原创，但多数乃摘抄，实为惭愧。但若能帮助一二访客，幸甚！

前一阵子学习Win32 SDK 时自己写过一个拼图游戏作为练习，基本功能是都完成了，但到后来随着代码量的增多，代码的组织上有点混乱。考虑到是第一次独立用Win32 SDK编写程序，就先放过了。但总觉的不爽。

最近看到一本名为《Windows 游戏编程大师技巧》的牛书，看到第一章打砖块的示例，欲效仿其组织代码的技巧，故将其源代码分拆成容易理解的若干部分，修改抄录于下，供他日重读或供无缘见到此书者查阅。

程序版权归原作者所有，吾仅是学习模仿，不敢掠美。

但源程序使用到了DirectX SDK，由于暂时不想涉及D3D，故改为用Win32 API 绘图。当然以后有空，或会学习一下DirectX SDK~

我们需要的是下面几个功能：

1）切换至任意图像模式

2）在屏幕上绘制各种颜色的矩形

3）获取键盘输入

4）使用一些定时函数同步游戏循环

5）在屏幕上画彩色字符串

1. 程序主框架（原程序为全屏隐藏鼠标，为调试简单，暂时改为非全屏不隐藏鼠标）

/** FreakOut.cpp (改编自《Windows 游戏编程大师技巧》第一章示例程序)* guzhoudiaoke@126.com* 2012-11-29*//* INCLUDES *****************************************************************************/
#include <windows.h>/* DEFINES ******************************************************************************/
// defines for windows
#define WINDOW_CLASS_NAME	TEXT("WIN32CLASS")
#define WINDOW_WIDTH		640
#define WINDOW_HEIGHT		480// states for game loop
#define GAME_STATE_INIT         0
#define GAME_STATE_START_LEVEL  1
#define GAME_STATE_RUN          2
#define GAME_STATE_SHUTDOWN     3
#define GAME_STATE_EXIT         4/* GLOBALS *******************************************************************************/
HWND		main_window_handle	= NULL;				// save the window handle
HINSTANCE	main_instance		= NULL;				// save the instance
int			game_state			= GAME_STATE_INIT;	// starting state/* WINDPROC ******************************************************************************/
LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc(HWND	hwnd,UINT	msg,WPARAM	wparam,LPARAM	lparam)
{// this is the main message handler of the systemPAINTSTRUCT	ps;HDC			hdc;switch (msg){case WM_CREATE:{return 0;}case WM_PAINT:{hdc = BeginPaint(hwnd, &ps);EndPaint(hwnd, &ps);return 0;}case WM_DESTROY:{PostQuitMessage(0);return 0;}default:break;}return DefWindowProc(hwnd, msg, wparam, lparam);
}/* WINMAIN *******************************************************************************/
int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hinstance,HINSTANCE hprevinstance,LPSTR lpcmdline,int ncmdshow)
{WNDCLASS	winclass;HWND		hwnd;MSG			msg;HDC			hdc;PAINTSTRUCT	ps;/* CS_DBLCLKS Specifies that the window should be notified of double clicks with * WM_xBUTTONDBLCLK messages* CS_OWNDC标志，属于此窗口类的窗口实例都有自己的DC(称为私有DC)，私有DC仅属于该窗口实例，* 所以程序只需要调用一次GetDC或BeginPaint获取DC,系统就为窗口初始化一个DC，并且保存程序* 对其进行的改变。ReleaseDC和EndPaint函数不再需要了，因为其他程序无法访问和改变私有DC。*/winclass.style			= CS_DBLCLKS | CS_OWNDC | CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;winclass.lpfnWndProc	= WindowProc;winclass.cbClsExtra		= 0;winclass.cbWndExtra		= 0;winclass.hInstance		= hinstance;winclass.hIcon			= LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);winclass.hCursor		= LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);winclass.hbrBackground	= (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(BLACK_BRUSH);winclass.lpszMenuName	= NULL;winclass.lpszClassName	= WINDOW_CLASS_NAME;// register the window classif (!RegisterClass(&winclass))return 0;// Create the window, note the use of WS_POPUPhwnd = CreateWindow(WINDOW_CLASS_NAME,			// classTEXT("WIN32 Game Console"),	// titleWS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,		// style0, 0,						// initial x, y	WINDOW_WIDTH,				// initial widthWINDOW_HEIGHT,				// initial heightNULL,						// handle to parentNULL,						// handle to menuhinstance,					// instanceNULL);						// creation parmsif (! hwnd)return 0;ShowWindow(hwnd, ncmdshow);UpdateWindow(hwnd);// hide mouse//ShowCursor(FALSE);// save the window handle and instance in a globalmain_window_handle	= hwnd;main_instance		= hinstance;// perform all game console specific initialization//Game_Init();// enter main event loopwhile (1){if (PeekMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0, PM_REMOVE)){// test if this is a quit msgif (msg.message == WM_QUIT)break;// translate any accelerator keysTranslateMessage(&msg);// send the message to the window procDispatchMessage(&msg);}// main game processing goes here//Game_Main();}// shutdown game and release all resources//Game_Shutdown();// show mouse//ShowCursor(TRUE);// return to windows like thisreturn (msg.wParam);
}

2.  游戏控制流程

int Game_Init(void *parms)
{// this function is where you do all the initialization for your gamereturn 1;
}int Game_Shutdown(void *parms)
{// this function is where you shutdown your game and release all resources // that you allocatedreturn 1;
}int Game_Main(void *parms)
{// this is the workhorse of your game it will be called continuously in real-time// this is like main() in C all the calls for you game go here!TCHAR buffer[80];// what state is the game in?if (game_state == GAME_STATE_INIT){// seed the random number generator so game is different each playsrand((unsigned int)time(0));// set the paddle position here to the middle bottompaddle_x = PADDLE_START_X;paddle_y = PADDLE_START_Y;// set ball position and velocityball_x = 8 + rand() % (WINDOW_WIDTH-16);ball_y = BALL_START_Y;ball_dx = -4 + rand() % (8+1);ball_dy =  6 + rand() % 2;// transition to start level stategame_state = GAME_STATE_START_LEVEL;}else if (game_state == GAME_STATE_START_LEVEL){// get a new level ready to run// initialize the blocksInit_Blocks();// reset block counterblocks_hit = 0;// transition to run stategame_state = GAME_STATE_RUN;}else if (game_state == GAME_STATE_RUN){// start the timing clockStart_Clock();// clear drawing surface for next frame of animationDraw_Rectangle(0, 0, WINDOW_WIDTH-1, WINDOW_HEIGHT-1, 0);// move the paddleif (KEY_DOWN(VK_RIGHT)){// move paddle to rightpaddle_x += 8;// make sure paddle doesn't go off screenif (paddle_x > (WINDOW_WIDTH - PADDLE_WIDTH))paddle_x = WINDOW_WIDTH - PADDLE_WIDTH;}else if (KEY_DOWN(VK_LEFT)){// move paddle to leftpaddle_x += 8;// make sure paddle doesn't go off screenif (paddle_x < 0)paddle_x = 0;}// draw blocksDraw_Blocks();// move the ballball_x += ball_dx;ball_y += ball_dy;// keep ball on screen, if the ball hits the edge of screen then// bounce it by reflecting its velocityif (ball_x > (WINDOW_WIDTH - BALL_SIZE) || ball_x < 0){// reflect x-axis velocityball_dx = -ball_dx;// update positionball_x += ball_dx;}// now y-axisif (ball_y < 0){// reflect y-axis velocityball_dy = -ball_dy;// update positionball_y += ball_dy;}else if (ball_y > (WINDOW_HEIGHT - BALL_SIZE)){// reflect y-axis velocityball_dy = -ball_dy;// update positionball_y += ball_dy;// minus the scorescore -= 100;}// next watch out for ball velocity getting out of handif (ball_dx > 8) ball_dx = 8;else if (ball_dx < -8)ball_dx = -8;// test if ball hit any blocks or the paddleProcess_Ball();// draw the paddleDraw_Rectangle(paddle_x, paddle_y, paddle_x+PADDLE_WIDTH, paddle_y+PADDLE_HEIGHT, PADDLE_COLOR);// draw the ballDraw_Rectangle(ball_x, ball_y, ball_x+BALL_SIZE, ball_y+BALL_SIZE, 255);// draw the infowsprintf(buffer, TEXT("FREAKOUT			Score %d				Level %d"), score, level);DrawText_GUI(buffer, 8, WINDOW_HEIGHT-16, 127);// sync to 30 fpsWait_Clock(30);// check if user is trying to exitif (KEY_DOWN(VK_ESCAPE)){// send message to windows to exitPostMessage(main_window_handle, WM_DESTROY, 0, 0);// set exit stategame_state = GAME_STATE_SHUTDOWN;}}else if (game_state == GAME_STATE_SHUTDOWN){// in this state shut everything down and release resources// switch to exit stategame_state = GAME_STATE_EXIT;}return 1;
}

3.小球的控制和绘制（原程序为directDraw绘制，此处改为Win32 API绘制）

/* DRAW FUNCTION **************************************************************************/
int Draw_Rectangle(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2, int color)
{// this function uses Win32 API to draw a filled rectangleHBRUSH		hbrush;HDC			hdc;RECT		rect;SetRect(&rect, x1, y1, x2, y2);hbrush = CreateSolidBrush(color);hdc = GetDC(main_window_handle);FillRect(hdc, &rect, hbrush);ReleaseDC(main_window_handle, hdc);DeleteObject(hbrush);return 1;
}int DrawText_GUI(TCHAR *text, int x, int y, int color)
{HDC	hdc;hdc = GetDC(main_window_handle);// set the colors for the text upSetTextColor(hdc, color);// set background mode to transparent so black isn't copiedSetBkMode(hdc, TRANSPARENT);// draw the textTextOut(hdc, x, y, text, lstrlen(text));// release the dcReleaseDC(main_window_handle, hdc);return 1;
}/* GAME PROGRAMMING CONSOLE FUNCTIONS *****************************************************/
void Init_Blocks(void)
{// initialize the block fieldfor (int row = 0; row < NUM_BLOCK_ROWS; row++)for (int col = 0; col < NUM_BLOCK_COLUMNS; col++)blocks[row][col] = row*16 + col*3 + 16;
}void Draw_Blocks(void)
{// this function draws all the blocks in row major formint x1 = BLOCK_ORIGIN_X;int y1 = BLOCK_ORIGIN_Y;// draw all the blocksfor (int row = 0; row < NUM_BLOCK_ROWS; row++){// reset column positionx1 = BLOCK_ORIGIN_X;for (int col = 0; col < NUM_BLOCK_COLUMNS; col++){if (blocks[row][col] != 0){Draw_Rectangle(x1, y1, x1+BLOCK_WIDTH, y1+BLOCK_HEIGHT, blocks[row][col]);}// advance column positionx1 += BLOCK_X_GAP;}// advance to next row positiony1 += BLOCK_Y_GAP;}
}void Process_Ball(void)
{// this function tests if the ball has hit a block or the paddle if so, the ball is bounced // and the block is removed from  the playfield note: very cheesy collision algorithm :)// first test for ball block collisions// the algorithm basically tests the ball against each block's bounding box this is inefficient, // but easy to implement, later we'll see a better way// current rendering positionint x1 = BLOCK_ORIGIN_X;int y1 = BLOCK_ORIGIN_Y;// computer center of ballint ball_cx = ball_x + (BALL_SIZE/2);int ball_cy = ball_y + (BALL_SIZE/2);// test the ball has hit the paddleif (ball_y > (WINDOW_HEIGHT/2) && ball_dy > 0){// extract leading edge of ballint x = ball_x + (BALL_SIZE/2);int y = ball_y + (BALL_SIZE/2);// test for collision with paddleif ((x >= paddle_x && x <= paddle_x + PADDLE_WIDTH) &&(y >= paddle_y && y <= paddle_y + PADDLE_HEIGHT)){// reflect ballball_dy = -ball_dy;// push ball out of paddle since it made contactball_y += ball_dy;// add a little english to ball based on motion of paddleif (KEY_DOWN(VK_RIGHT))ball_dx -= rand() % 3;else if (KEY_DOWN(VK_LEFT))ball_dx += rand() % 3;elseball_dx += (-1 + rand() % 3);// test if there are no blocks, if so send a message to game loop to start another levelif (blocks_hit >= (NUM_BLOCK_ROWS * NUM_BLOCK_COLUMNS)){game_state = GAME_STATE_START_LEVEL;level++;}// make a little noiseMessageBeep(MB_OK);return;}}// now scan thru all the blocks and see of ball hit blocksfor (int row = 0; row < NUM_BLOCK_ROWS; row++){x1 = BLOCK_ORIGIN_X;// scan this row of blocksfor (int col = 0; col < NUM_BLOCK_COLUMNS; col++){if (blocks[row][col] != 0){// test ball against bounding box of blockif ((ball_cx > x1) && (ball_cx < x1 + BLOCK_WIDTH) &&(ball_cy > y1) && (ball_cy < y1 + BLOCK_HEIGHT)){// remove the blockblocks[row][col] = 0;// increment global block counter, so we know when to start another level upblocks_hit++;// bounce the ballball_dy = -ball_dy;// add a little englishball_dx += (-1 + rand() % 3);// make a little noiseMessageBeep(MB_OK);// add some pointsscore += 5 * (level + (abs)(ball_dx));return;}}// advance column positionx1 += BLOCK_X_GAP;}// advance row positiony1 += BLOCK_Y_GAP;}
}

4.时间控制

/* CLOCK FUNCTIONS ************************************************************************/
DWORD Get_Clock(void)
{// this function returns the current tick count// return timereturn GetTickCount();
}DWORD Start_Clock(void)
{// this function starts the block, that is, saves the current count,// use in conjunction with Wait_Clock()return (start_clock_count = Get_Clock());
}DWORD Wait_Clock(DWORD count)
{// this function is used to wait for a specific number of clicks since// the call to Start_Clockwhile (Get_Clock() - start_clock_count < count);return Get_Clock();
}

5. 发现的问题及解决方案

1）颜色太暗：

原因可能是int 到RGB转换的问题，解决办法是传参数时直接用RGB构造。

2）挡板和分数都看不到

原因是原程序没有标题栏，是全屏显示的，现在有了标题栏，占了一定的空间，导致位置计算的不对，修改窗口style 为WS_POPUP即可。

3）界面闪烁及耗费CPU

原因是每次都先绘制黑色屏幕清除全屏，然后重新绘制，较为浪费，且一直在循环，耗费CPU。

解决办法是减少重绘区域，每次只绘制需要绘制的地方，而不是重绘全屏。修改使用死循环来耗费时间，改为Sleep。

完整代码：

/** FreakOut.cpp (改编自《Windows 游戏编程大师技巧》第一章示例程序)* guzhoudiaoke@126.com* 2012-11-29*//* INCLUDES *******************************************************************************/
#include <windows.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <stdio.h>/* DEFINES ********************************************************************************/
// defines for windows
#define WINDOW_CLASS_NAME	TEXT("WIN32CLASS")
#define WINDOW_WIDTH		640
#define WINDOW_HEIGHT		480// states for game loop
#define GAME_STATE_INIT         0
#define GAME_STATE_START_LEVEL  1
#define GAME_STATE_RUN          2
#define GAME_STATE_SHUTDOWN     3
#define GAME_STATE_EXIT         4// block defines
#define NUM_BLOCK_ROWS          6
#define NUM_BLOCK_COLUMNS       8#define BLOCK_WIDTH             64
#define BLOCK_HEIGHT            16
#define BLOCK_ORIGIN_X          8
#define BLOCK_ORIGIN_Y          8
#define BLOCK_X_GAP             80
#define BLOCK_Y_GAP             32// paddle defines
#define PADDLE_START_X          (WINDOW_WIDTH/2 - 16)
#define PADDLE_START_Y          (WINDOW_HEIGHT - 32);
#define PADDLE_WIDTH            32
#define PADDLE_HEIGHT           8
#define PADDLE_COLOR            RGB(0, 0, 255)// ball defines
#define BALL_START_Y            (WINDOW_HEIGHT/2)
#define BALL_SIZE                4// color defines
#define BACKGROUND_COLOR		RGB(0, 0, 0)
#define BLOCK_COLOR				RGB(125, 0, 0)
#define BALL_COLOR				RGB(222, 0, 222)// these read the keyboard asynchronously
#define KEY_DOWN(vk_code) ((GetAsyncKeyState(vk_code) & 0x8000) ? 1 : 0)
#define KEY_UP(vk_code)   ((GetAsyncKeyState(vk_code) & 0x8000) ? 0 : 1)/* basic unsigned types *******************************************************************/
typedef unsigned short USHORT;
typedef unsigned short WORD;
typedef unsigned char  UCHAR;
typedef unsigned char  BYTE;/* FUNCTION DECLARATION *******************************************************************/
int Game_Init(void *parms = NULL);
int Game_Shutdown(void *parms = NULL);
int Game_Main(void *parms = NULL);DWORD Start_Clock(void);
DWORD Wait_Clock(DWORD count);/* GLOBALS *********************************************************************************/
HWND		main_window_handle	= NULL;				// save the window handle
HINSTANCE	main_instance		= NULL;				// save the instance
int			game_state			= GAME_STATE_INIT;	// starting stateint			paddle_x = 0, paddle_y = 0;				// tracks position of paddle
int			ball_x   = 0, ball_y   = 0;				// tracks position of ball
int			ball_dx  = 0, ball_dy  = 0;				// velocity of ball
int			score    = 0;							// the score
int			level    = 1;							// the current level
int			blocks_hit = 0;							// tracks number of blocks hitDWORD		start_clock_count	= 0;				// used for timing// this contains the game grid data
UCHAR blocks[NUM_BLOCK_ROWS][NUM_BLOCK_COLUMNS];    /* WINDPROC ********************************************************************************/
LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc(HWND	hwnd,UINT	msg,WPARAM	wparam,LPARAM	lparam)
{// this is the main message handler of the systemPAINTSTRUCT	ps;HDC			hdc;switch (msg){case WM_CREATE:return 0;case WM_PAINT:hdc = BeginPaint(hwnd, &ps);EndPaint(hwnd, &ps);return 0;case WM_DESTROY:PostQuitMessage(0);return 0;default:break;}return DefWindowProc(hwnd, msg, wparam, lparam);
}/* WINMAIN ********************************************************************************/
int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hinstance,HINSTANCE hprevinstance,LPSTR lpcmdline,int ncmdshow)
{WNDCLASS	winclass;HWND		hwnd;MSG			msg;HDC			hdc;PAINTSTRUCT	ps;/* CS_DBLCLKS Specifies that the window should be notified of double clicks with * WM_xBUTTONDBLCLK messages* CS_OWNDC标志，属于此窗口类的窗口实例都有自己的DC(称为私有DC)，私有DC仅属于该窗口实例，* 所以程序只需要调用一次GetDC或BeginPaint获取DC,系统就为窗口初始化一个DC，并且保存程序* 对其进行的改变。ReleaseDC和EndPaint函数不再需要了，因为其他程序无法访问和改变私有DC。*/winclass.style			= CS_DBLCLKS | CS_OWNDC | CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;winclass.lpfnWndProc	= WindowProc;winclass.cbClsExtra		= 0;winclass.cbWndExtra		= 0;winclass.hInstance		= hinstance;winclass.hIcon			= LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);winclass.hCursor		= LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);winclass.hbrBackground	= (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(BLACK_BRUSH);winclass.lpszMenuName	= NULL;winclass.lpszClassName	= WINDOW_CLASS_NAME;// register the window classif (!RegisterClass(&winclass))return 0;// Create the window, note the use of WS_POPUPhwnd = CreateWindow(WINDOW_CLASS_NAME,			// classTEXT("WIN32 Game Console"),	// titleWS_POPUP,					// style200,						// initial x100,						// initial y	WINDOW_WIDTH,				// initial widthWINDOW_HEIGHT,				// initial heightNULL,						// handle to parentNULL,						// handle to menuhinstance,					// instanceNULL);						// creation parmsif (! hwnd)return 0;ShowWindow(hwnd, ncmdshow);UpdateWindow(hwnd);// hide mouse//ShowCursor(FALSE);// save the window handle and instance in a globalmain_window_handle	= hwnd;main_instance		= hinstance;// perform all game console specific initializationGame_Init();// enter main event loopwhile (1){if (PeekMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0, PM_REMOVE)){// test if this is a quit msgif (msg.message == WM_QUIT)break;// translate any accelerator keysTranslateMessage(&msg);// send the message to the window procDispatchMessage(&msg);}// main game processing goes hereGame_Main();Sleep(30);}// shutdown game and release all resourcesGame_Shutdown();// show mouse//ShowCursor(TRUE);// return to windows like thisreturn (msg.wParam);
}/* DRAW FUNCTION **************************************************************************/
int Draw_Rectangle(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2, int color)
{// this function uses Win32 API to draw a filled rectangleHBRUSH		hbrush;HDC			hdc;RECT		rect;SetRect(&rect, x1, y1, x2, y2);hbrush = CreateSolidBrush(color);hdc = GetDC(main_window_handle);FillRect(hdc, &rect, hbrush);ReleaseDC(main_window_handle, hdc);DeleteObject(hbrush);return 1;
}int DrawText_GUI(TCHAR *text, int x, int y, int color)
{HDC	hdc;hdc = GetDC(main_window_handle);// set the colors for the text upSetTextColor(hdc, color);// set background mode to transparent so black isn't copiedSetBkMode(hdc, TRANSPARENT);// draw the textTextOut(hdc, x, y, text, lstrlen(text));// release the dcReleaseDC(main_window_handle, hdc);return 1;
}/* GAME PROGRAMMING CONSOLE FUNCTIONS *****************************************************/
void Init_Blocks(void)
{// initialize the block fieldfor (int row = 0; row < NUM_BLOCK_ROWS; row++)for (int col = 0; col < NUM_BLOCK_COLUMNS; col++)blocks[row][col] = 1;
}void Draw_Blocks(void)
{// this function draws all the blocks in row major formint x1 = BLOCK_ORIGIN_X;int y1 = BLOCK_ORIGIN_Y;// draw all the blocksfor (int row = 0; row < NUM_BLOCK_ROWS; row++){// reset column positionx1 = BLOCK_ORIGIN_X;for (int col = 0; col < NUM_BLOCK_COLUMNS; col++){if (blocks[row][col] != 0){Draw_Rectangle(x1, y1, x1+BLOCK_WIDTH, y1+BLOCK_HEIGHT, BLOCK_COLOR);}else{Draw_Rectangle(x1, y1, x1+BLOCK_WIDTH, y1+BLOCK_HEIGHT, BACKGROUND_COLOR);}x1 += BLOCK_X_GAP;		// advance column position}y1 += BLOCK_Y_GAP;			// advance to next row position}
}int Process_Ball(void)
{// this function tests if the ball has hit a block or the paddle if so, the ball is bounced // and the block is removed from  the playfield note: very cheesy collision algorithm :)// first test for ball block collisions// the algorithm basically tests the ball against each block's bounding box this is inefficient, // but easy to implement, later we'll see a better way// current rendering positionint x1 = BLOCK_ORIGIN_X;int y1 = BLOCK_ORIGIN_Y;// computer center of ballint ball_cx = ball_x + (BALL_SIZE/2);int ball_cy = ball_y + (BALL_SIZE/2);// test the ball has hit the paddleif (ball_y > (WINDOW_HEIGHT/2) && ball_dy > 0){// extract leading edge of ballint x = ball_x + (BALL_SIZE/2);int y = ball_y + (BALL_SIZE/2);// test for collision with paddleif ((x >= paddle_x && x <= paddle_x + PADDLE_WIDTH) &&(y >= paddle_y && y <= paddle_y + PADDLE_HEIGHT)){ball_dy = -ball_dy;		// reflect ballball_y += ball_dy;		// push ball out of paddle since it made contact// add a little english to ball based on motion of paddleif (KEY_DOWN(VK_RIGHT))ball_dx -= rand() % 3;else if (KEY_DOWN(VK_LEFT))ball_dx += rand() % 3;elseball_dx += (-1 + rand() % 3);// make a little noiseMessageBeep(MB_OK);return 0;}}// now scan thru all the blocks and see of ball hit blocksfor (int row = 0; row < NUM_BLOCK_ROWS; row++){x1 = BLOCK_ORIGIN_X;// scan this row of blocksfor (int col = 0; col < NUM_BLOCK_COLUMNS; col++){if (blocks[row][col] != 0){// test ball against bounding box of blockif ((ball_cx > x1) && (ball_cx < x1 + BLOCK_WIDTH) &&(ball_cy > y1) && (ball_cy < y1 + BLOCK_HEIGHT)){blocks[row][col] = 0;			// remove the block// increment global block counter, so we know when to start another level upblocks_hit++;				ball_dy = -ball_dy;				// bounce the ball				ball_dx += (-1 + rand() % 3);	// add a little englishMessageBeep(MB_OK);				// make a little noise// test if there are no blocks, if so send a message to game loop to start another levelif (blocks_hit >= (NUM_BLOCK_ROWS * NUM_BLOCK_COLUMNS)){game_state = GAME_STATE_START_LEVEL;level++;}// add some pointsscore += 5 * (level + (abs)(ball_dx));return 1;}}x1 += BLOCK_X_GAP;		// advance column position}y1 += BLOCK_Y_GAP;			// advance row position}return 0;
}int Game_Init(void *parms)
{// this function is where you do all the initialization for your gamereturn 1;
}int Game_Shutdown(void *parms)
{// this function is where you shutdown your game and release all resources // that you allocatedreturn 1;
}int Game_Main(void *parms)
{// this is the workhorse of your game it will be called continuously in real-time// this is like main() in C all the calls for you game go here!TCHAR	buffer[80];BOOL	bPaddleMoved = FALSE;int		old_paddle_x, old_paddle_y;int		old_ball_x, old_ball_y;// what state is the game in?if (game_state == GAME_STATE_INIT){// seed the random number generator so game is different each playsrand((unsigned int)time(0));// set the paddle position here to the middle bottompaddle_x = PADDLE_START_X;paddle_y = PADDLE_START_Y;// set ball position and velocityball_x =   8 + rand() % (WINDOW_WIDTH-16);ball_y = BALL_START_Y;ball_dx = -4 + rand() % (8+1);ball_dy =  6 + rand() % 2;// transition to start level stategame_state = GAME_STATE_START_LEVEL;}else if (game_state == GAME_STATE_START_LEVEL){// get a new level ready to runInit_Blocks();				// initialize the blocksblocks_hit = 0;				// reset block counterDraw_Blocks();				// draw blocks// draw the paddleDraw_Rectangle(paddle_x, paddle_y, paddle_x+PADDLE_WIDTH, paddle_y+PADDLE_HEIGHT, PADDLE_COLOR);game_state = GAME_STATE_RUN;// transition to run state}else if (game_state == GAME_STATE_RUN){// move the paddleif (KEY_DOWN(VK_RIGHT)){old_paddle_x = paddle_x;old_paddle_y = paddle_y;paddle_x += 8;			// move paddle to right// make sure paddle doesn't go off screenif (paddle_x > (WINDOW_WIDTH - PADDLE_WIDTH))paddle_x = WINDOW_WIDTH - PADDLE_WIDTH;bPaddleMoved = TRUE;}else if (KEY_DOWN(VK_LEFT)){old_paddle_x = paddle_x;old_paddle_y = paddle_y;paddle_x -= 8;			// move paddle to left// make sure paddle doesn't go off screenif (paddle_x < 0)paddle_x = 0;bPaddleMoved = TRUE;}old_ball_x = ball_x;old_ball_y = ball_y;// move the ballball_x += ball_dx;ball_y += ball_dy;// keep ball on screen, if the ball hits the edge of screen then// bounce it by reflecting its velocityif (ball_x > (WINDOW_WIDTH - BALL_SIZE) || ball_x < 0){ball_dx = -ball_dx;		// reflect x-axis velocityball_x += ball_dx;		// update position}// now y-axisif (ball_y < 0){ball_dy = -ball_dy;		// reflect y-axis velocityball_y += ball_dy;		// update position}else if (ball_y > (WINDOW_HEIGHT - BALL_SIZE)){ball_dy = -ball_dy;		// reflect y-axis velocityball_y += ball_dy;		// update position		score -= 100;			// minus the score}// next watch out for ball velocity getting out of handif (ball_dx > 8) ball_dx = 8;else if (ball_dx < -8)ball_dx = -8;// test if ball hit any blocks or the paddleif (Process_Ball()){	Draw_Blocks();			// draw blocks}if (bPaddleMoved){// 覆盖旧的paddleDraw_Rectangle(old_paddle_x, old_paddle_y, old_paddle_x+PADDLE_WIDTH, old_paddle_y+PADDLE_HEIGHT, BACKGROUND_COLOR);// draw the paddleDraw_Rectangle(paddle_x, paddle_y, paddle_x+PADDLE_WIDTH, paddle_y+PADDLE_HEIGHT, PADDLE_COLOR);}// 覆盖旧的ballDraw_Rectangle(old_ball_x, old_ball_y, old_ball_x+BALL_SIZE, old_ball_y+BALL_SIZE, BACKGROUND_COLOR);// draw the ballDraw_Rectangle(ball_x, ball_y, ball_x+BALL_SIZE, ball_y+BALL_SIZE, BALL_COLOR);// draw the infowsprintf(buffer, TEXT("FREAKOUT            Score %d              Level %d"), score, level);Draw_Rectangle(8, WINDOW_HEIGHT-26, WINDOW_WIDTH, WINDOW_HEIGHT, BACKGROUND_COLOR);DrawText_GUI(buffer, 8, WINDOW_HEIGHT-26, RGB(255, 255, 128));// check if user is trying to exitif (KEY_DOWN(VK_ESCAPE)){// send message to windows to exitPostMessage(main_window_handle, WM_DESTROY, 0, 0);// set exit stategame_state = GAME_STATE_SHUTDOWN;}}else if (game_state == GAME_STATE_SHUTDOWN){// in this state shut everything down and release resources// switch to exit stategame_state = GAME_STATE_EXIT;}return 1;
}/* CLOCK FUNCTIONS ************************************************************************/
DWORD Get_Clock(void)
{// this function returns the current tick count// return timereturn GetTickCount();
}DWORD Start_Clock(void)
{// this function starts the block, that is, saves the current count,// use in conjunction with Wait_Clock()return (start_clock_count = Get_Clock());
}DWORD Wait_Clock(DWORD count)
{// this function is used to wait for a specific number of clicks since// the call to Start_Clockwhile (Get_Clock() - start_clock_count < count);return Get_Clock();
}

不足之处：因为之前经常在linux下编程，用的是game_state类型的变量风格，最近在windows下想学所谓的匈牙利表示法，但这段代码作者用了game_state类型的变量风格，我又被俘获了。。。

编程风格要统一，不能总是变来变去的！切记。