YAML语言

YAML是一种直观的能够被电脑识别的数据序列化格式，是一个可读性高并且容易被人类阅读，容易和脚本语言交互，用来表达资料序列的编程语言。

它类似于标准通用标记语言的子集XML的数据描述语言，语法比XML简单很多。

YAML语言的格式如下：

house:family:name: Doeparents:- John- Janechildren:- Paul- Mark- Simoneaddress:number: 34street: Main Streetcity: Nowheretownzipcode: 12345
123456789101112131415

YAML的基本规则：

• 使用缩进来表示层级关系，每层2个空格，禁止使用TAB键
• 当冒号不是处于最后时，冒号后面必须有一个空格
• 用 - 表示列表，- 的后面必须有一个空格
• 用 # 表示注释

YAML配置文件要放到SaltStack让我们放的位置，可以在SaltStack的 Master 配置文件中查找file_roots即可看到。

[root@master ~]# vim /etc/salt/master
...此处省略N行
file_roots:base:- /srv/salt/basetest:- /srv/salt/testdev:- /srv/salt/devprod:- /srv/salt/prod
...此处省略N行[root@master ~]# mkdir -p /srv/salt/{base,test,dev,prod}
[root@master ~]# tree /srv/salt/
/srv/salt/
├── base
├── dev
├── prod
└── test4 directories, 0 files
[root@master ~]# systemctl restart salt-master

需要注意：

• base是默认的位置，如果file_roots只有一个，则base是必备的且必须叫base，不能改名

用SaltStack配置一个httpd实例

在Master上部署sls配置文件并执行

[root@master ~]# mkdir -p /srv/salt/base
[root@master ~]# cd /srv/salt/base/
[root@master base]# mkdir -p web/apache
[root@master base]# cd web/apache/
[root@master apache]# touch install.sls			//生成一个状态描述文件
[root@master apache]# vim install.sls
httpd-install:pkg.installed:- name: httpdhttpd-service:service.running:- name: httpd- enable: True// YAML 配置文件中顶格写的被称作ID，必须全局唯一，不能重复
// SaltStack 读 YAML 配置文件时是从上往下读，所以要把先执行的写在前面执行状态文件的技巧：
先用test.ping测试需要执行状态文件的主机是否能正常通信，然后再执行状态文件
[root@master ~]# salt 'minion' state.sls web.apache.install saltenv=base
minion:
----------ID: httpd-installFunction: pkg.installedName: httpdResult: TrueComment: All specified packages are already installedStarted: 02:49:12.849577Duration: 1055.507 msChanges:   
----------ID: httpd-serviceFunction: service.runningName: httpdResult: TrueComment: The service httpd is already runningStarted: 02:49:13.909687Duration: 48.368 msChanges:   Summary for minion
------------
Succeeded: 2
Failed:    0
------------
Total states run:     2
Total run time:   1.104 s

在minion上检查

[root@minion ~]# ss -anlt
State       Recv-Q      Send-Q             Local Address:Port             Peer Address:Port      
LISTEN      0           128                      0.0.0.0:22                    0.0.0.0:*         
LISTEN      0           128                         [::]:22                       [::]:*         
LISTEN      0           128                            *:80                          *:*         
[root@minion ~]# systemctl status httpd
● httpd.service - The Apache HTTP ServerLoaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)Active: active (running) since Wed 2021-11-03 02:07:47 CST; 43min agoDocs: man:httpd.service(8)Main PID: 957 (httpd)Status: "Running, listening on: port 80"Tasks: 213 (limit: 11300)Memory: 49.9MCGroup: /system.slice/httpd.service├─ 957 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND├─1052 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND├─1053 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND├─1054 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND└─1055 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND11月 03 02:07:46 minion systemd[1]: Starting The Apache HTTP Server...
11月 03 02:07:47 minion httpd[957]: AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fu>
11月 03 02:07:47 minion systemd[1]: Started The Apache HTTP Server.
11月 03 02:07:47 minion httpd[957]: Server configured, listening on: port 80

top file

top file介绍

• 直接通过命令执行sls文件时够自动化吗？答案是否定的，因为我们还要告诉某台主机要执行某个任务，自动化应该是我们让它干活时，它自己就知道哪台主机要干什么活，但是直接通过命令执行sls文件并不能达到这个目的，为了解决这个问题，top file 应运而生。
• top file就是一个入口，top file的文件名可通过在 Master的配置文件中搜索top.sls找出，且此文件必须在 base 环境中，默认情况下此文件必须叫top.sls。
• top file的作用就是告诉对应的主机要干什么活，比如让web服务器启动web服务，让数据库服务器安装mysql等等。

top file 实例：

[root@master ~]# cd /srv/salt/base/
[root@master base]# vim top.sls
[root@master base]# cat top.sls
base:           'minion':  - web.apache.install     //停止p2的httpd服务
[root@minion ~]# systemctl stop httpd.service //下面这条命令会报错是因为master端的minion没有执行任何操作，不影响结果
[root@master ~]# salt '*' state.highstate
master:
----------ID: statesFunction: no.NoneResult: FalseComment: No Top file or master_tops data matches found. Please see master log for details.Changes:   Summary for master
------------
Succeeded: 0
Failed:    1
------------
Total states run:     1
Total run time:   0.000 ms
minion:
----------ID: httpd-installFunction: pkg.installedName: httpdResult: TrueComment: All specified packages are already installedStarted: 03:31:38.909212Duration: 604.952 msChanges:   
----------ID: httpd-serviceFunction: service.runningName: httpdResult: TrueComment: Service httpd is already enabled, and is runningStarted: 03:31:39.516292Duration: 234.593 msChanges:   ----------httpd:TrueSummary for minion
------------
Succeeded: 2 (changed=1)
Failed:    0
------------
Total states run:     2
Total run time: 839.545 ms//查看p2端的httpd状态
[root@minion ~]# systemctl status httpd
● httpd.service - The Apache HTTP ServerLoaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)Active: active (running) since Wed 2021-11-03 03:31:39 CST; 2min 6s agoDocs: man:httpd.service(8)Main PID: 96308 (httpd)Status: "Running, listening on: port 80"Tasks: 213 (limit: 11300)Memory: 27.2MCGroup: /system.slice/httpd.service├─96308 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND├─96656 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND├─96657 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND├─96658 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND└─96659 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND11月 03 03:31:39 minion systemd[1]: Starting The Apache HTTP Server...
11月 03 03:31:39 minion httpd[96308]: AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's >
11月 03 03:31:39 minion systemd[1]: Started The Apache HTTP Server.
11月 03 03:31:49 minion httpd[96308]: Server configured, listening on: port 80

注意：

• 上面让所有人执行高级状态，但实际工作当中，一般不会这么用，工作当中一般都是通知某台或某些台目标主机来执行高级状态，具体是否执行则是由top file来决定的。
• 若在执行高级状态时加上参数test=True，则它会告诉我们它将会做什么，但是它不会真的去执行这个操作。

//停掉minion上的httpd服务
[root@minion ~]# systemctl stop httpd.service 
[root@minion ~]# systemctl status httpd.service
● httpd.service - The Apache HTTP ServerLoaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)Active: inactive (dead) since Wed 2021-11-03 03:35:25 CST; 5s agoDocs: man:httpd.service(8)Process: 96308 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/httpd $OPTIONS -DFOREGROUND (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)Main PID: 96308 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)Status: "Running, listening on: port 80"11月 03 03:31:39 minion systemd[1]: Starting The Apache HTTP Server...
11月 03 03:31:39 minion httpd[96308]: AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's >
11月 03 03:31:39 minion systemd[1]: Started The Apache HTTP Server.
11月 03 03:31:49 minion httpd[96308]: Server configured, listening on: port 80
11月 03 03:35:24 minion systemd[1]: Stopping The Apache HTTP Server...
11月 03 03:35:25 minion systemd[1]: Stopped The Apache HTTP Server.//在master上执行高级状态的测试
[root@master ~]# salt 'minion' state.highstate test=True
minion:
----------ID: httpd-installFunction: pkg.installedName: httpdResult: TrueComment: All specified packages are already installedStarted: 03:36:30.711368Duration: 695.136 msChanges:   
----------ID: httpd-serviceFunction: service.runningName: httpdResult: NoneComment: Service httpd is set to startStarted: 03:36:31.408522Duration: 53.115 msChanges:   Summary for minion
------------
Succeeded: 2 (unchanged=1)
Failed:    0
------------
Total states run:     2
Total run time: 748.251 ms//去minion上查看httpd服务
[root@minion ~]# systemctl status httpd.service
● httpd.service - The Apache HTTP ServerLoaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)Active: inactive (dead) since Wed 2021-11-03 03:35:25 CST; 1min 39s agoDocs: man:httpd.service(8)Process: 96308 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/httpd $OPTIONS -DFOREGROUND (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)Main PID: 96308 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)Status: "Running, listening on: port 80"11月 03 03:31:39 minion systemd[1]: Starting The Apache HTTP Server...
11月 03 03:31:39 minion httpd[96308]: AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's >
11月 03 03:31:39 minion systemd[1]: Started The Apache HTTP Server.
11月 03 03:31:49 minion httpd[96308]: Server configured, listening on: port 80
11月 03 03:35:24 minion systemd[1]: Stopping The Apache HTTP Server...
11月 03 03:35:25 minion systemd[1]: Stopped The Apache HTTP Server.
lines 1-14/14 (END)