项目中常常有一些场景需要发送邮箱, 整理一下使用邮箱的相关实现

1 Java中邮箱的简介

电子邮件在网络中传输和网页一样需要遵从特定的协议，常用的电子邮件协议包括 SMTP，POP3，IMAP。其中邮件的创建和发送只需要用到 SMTP协议( Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) ，即简单邮件传输协议。

2 邮箱的使用

1 Java原生操作邮箱

1 导入maven坐标

    <dependency><groupId>com.sun.mail</groupId><artifactId>javax.mail</artifactId><version>1.5.6</version></dependency>

2 添加邮件工具类

public class MailTest {// 发邮件账号public static String sendEmailAccount = "Xxx@163.com";// 发邮箱账号授权码public static String sendEmailPassword = "****";// 发邮箱账号主机public static String sendEmailSMTPHost = "smtp.163.com";// 发邮箱协议public static String sendEmailProtocol = "smtp";// 邮件的标题public static String sendEmailSubject = "邮件的标题";// 邮件的内容public static String sendEmailContext = "邮件的内容";// 收邮箱账号public static String receiveMailAccount = "Xxx@qq.com";public static void main(String[] args) {// 配置参数Properties prop = new Properties();// 发件人的邮箱的SMTP 服务器地址（不同的邮箱，服务器地址不同，如139和qq的邮箱服务器地址不同）prop.setProperty("mail.host", sendEmailSMTPHost);// 使用的协议（JavaMail规范要求）prop.setProperty("mail.transport.protocol", sendEmailProtocol);// 需要请求认证prop.setProperty("mail.smtp.auth", "true");// 使用JavaMail发送邮件的5个步骤// 1 创建sessionSession session = Session.getInstance(prop);// 开启Session的debug模式，这样就可以查看到程序发送Email的运行状态session.setDebug(true);Transport ts = null;try {// 2 通过session得到transport对象ts = session.getTransport();// 3 使用账户和授权码ts.connect(sendEmailSMTPHost, sendEmailAccount, sendEmailPassword);// 4 创建邮件Message message = createSimpleMail(session);// 5 发送邮件ts.sendMessage(message, message.getAllRecipients());} catch (NoSuchProviderException e) {e.printStackTrace();} catch (MessagingException e) {e.printStackTrace();} finally {try {// 关闭transport对象ts.close();} catch (MessagingException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}}/*** 创建只包含文本的邮件** @param session* @return* @throws MessagingException*/public static MimeMessage createSimpleMail(Session session)throws MessagingException {// 创建邮件对象MimeMessage message = new MimeMessage(session);// 指明发件人message.setFrom(new InternetAddress(sendEmailAccount));// 指明收件人message.setRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO, new InternetAddress(receiveMailAccount));// 可选 添加收件人
//        message.addRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO, new InternetAddress(receiveMailAccount));//    Cc: 抄送（可选）
//        message.setRecipient(MimeMessage.RecipientType.CC, new InternetAddress(receiveMailAccount));//    Bcc: 密送（可选）
//        message.setRecipient(MimeMessage.RecipientType.BCC, new InternetAddress(receiveMailAccount));// 邮件的标题message.setSubject(sendEmailSubject,"UTF-8");// 邮件的文本内容message.setContent(sendEmailContext, "text/html;charset=UTF-8");// 设置显示发件时间message.setSentDate(new Date());return message;}

2 SpringBoot中操作邮箱

0 准备一个好的SpringBoot环境

1 添加maven坐标

    <dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-mail</artifactId></dependency>

2 添加发送邮箱接口

public interface MailService {/*** 发送邮件* @param to 接收者 邮件接收地址* @param subject 主题 邮件标题* @param content 内容 邮件正文* @param os 附件* @param attachmentFilename 附件名称* @throws Exception*/public void sendMail(String to, String subject, String content, ByteArrayOutputStream os,String attachmentFilename) throws Exception;}

3 添加发送邮箱实现类

@Component
@Slf4j
public class MailServiceImpl implements MailService {@Autowiredprivate JavaMailSender mailSender;@Value("${mail.fromMail.addr}")private String from;/*** * @param to 接收者 邮件接收地址* @param subject 主题 邮件标题* @param content 内容 邮件正文* @param os 附件* @param attachmentFilename 附件名称* @throws Exception*/@Overridepublic void sendMail(String to, String subject, String content, ByteArrayOutputStream os,String attachmentFilename) throws Exception {try {MimeMessage mimeMessage = mailSender.createMimeMessage();MimeMessageHelper mimeMessageHelper = new MimeMessageHelper(mimeMessage, true);mimeMessageHelper.setFrom(from);mimeMessageHelper.setTo(to);mimeMessageHelper.setSubject(subject);mimeMessageHelper.setText(content);// 判断附件是否存在if (null != os){InputStreamSource inputStreamSource = new ByteArrayResource(os.toByteArray());mimeMessageHelper.addAttachment(attachmentFilename, inputStreamSource);}mailSender.send(mimeMessage);log.info("邮件发送完成");} catch (Exception e) {log.error("邮件发送失败 , ={}",e);}}
}

4 添加配置文件

# 邮箱服务器地址
spring.mail.host=smtp.163.com
# 用户名
spring.mail.username=Xxx@163.com
# 密码
spring.mail.password=******
spring.mail.default-encoding=UTF-8
#spring.mail.port=587 # 使用报错
spring.mail.port=25   # 使用ok
spring.mail.properties.mail.smtp.auth=true
spring.mail.properties.mail.smtp.starttls.enable=true
spring.mail.properties.mail.smtp.starttls.required=true
# 来发送邮件账号
mail.fromMail.addr=Xxx@163.com

5 添加一个控制器

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/hello")
public class HelloWorld {public static String sendEmailSubject = "邮件的标题";public static String sendEmailContext = "邮件的内容";public static String receiveMailAccount = "Xxx@qq.com";@Autowiredprivate MailService mailService;@GetMapping("/sendMail")@ResponseBodypublic String sendMail() throws Exception {//  邮件接受者   邮件标题    邮件内容    附件   附件名称mailService.sendMail(receiveMailAccount,sendEmailSubject,sendEmailContext,null,"");return "<h1>Hello Wrold</h1>";}}  

6 测试

在地址栏访问:

http://localhost:8080/hello/sendMail

控制台日志:

// 2021-11-01 18:04:41.535  INFO 16576 --- [nio-8080-exec-1] c.cf.demo.service.impl.MailServiceImpl   : 邮件发送完成

查看邮箱,邮件已送达.

3 错误问题

1 smtp.SMTPSendFailedException: 553 Mail from must equal authorized user

发邮件的人的账号填写错误, 要和授权码的账户一致.

// 接收邮件服务器：imap.qq.com，使用SSL，端口号993。// 发送邮件服务器：smtp.qq.com，使用SSL，端口号465或587。 使用25时成功

参考资料:

https://www.cnblogs.com/new-life/p/10549837.html