文章背景    

        本人已完成仿Windows简易计算器的项目，就想着完成Windows标准计算器。最近，在知乎里发现用Python做一个计算器这篇文章。这篇文章内容就阐述了基于Python实现标准计算器，本人只需稍加修改就行。

成果展示

Windows标准计算器

 项目成果图

        项目最后成果虽然并不美观，但是和Windows标准计算器布局类似。往后，会完善这个项目。

项目结构

        本人根据项目功能，分为

• Init.py为计算器初始化文件
• Function.py为计算器逻辑功能文件
• Style.py为计算器布局文件
• main.py为计算器启动文件

 项目结构图

 

 项目代码

Init.py

import math
import tkinter
root = tkinter.Tk()
root.resizable(width=False, height=False)
#是否按下了运算符
IS_CALC = False
#存储数字
STORAGE = []
#显示框最多显示多少个字符
MAXSHOWLEN = 18
#当前显示的数字
CurrentShow = tkinter.StringVar()
CurrentShow.set('0')

Function.py

from Init import *
#按下数字键(0-9)#
def pressNumber(number):global IS_CALCif IS_CALC:CurrentShow.set('0')IS_CALC = Falseif CurrentShow.get() == '0':CurrentShow.set(number)else:if len(CurrentShow.get()) < MAXSHOWLEN:CurrentShow.set(CurrentShow.get() + number)#按下小数点#
def pressDP():global IS_CALCif IS_CALC:CurrentShow.set('0')IS_CALC = Falseif len(CurrentShow.get().split('.')) == 1:if len(CurrentShow.get()) < MAXSHOWLEN:CurrentShow.set(CurrentShow.get() + '.')#清零#
def clearAll():global STORAGEglobal IS_CALCSTORAGE.clear()IS_CALC = FalseCurrentShow.set('0')#清除当前显示框内所有数字#
def clearCurrent():CurrentShow.set('0')#删除显示框内最后一个数字#
def delOne():global IS_CALCif IS_CALC:CurrentShow.set('0')IS_CALC = Falseif CurrentShow.get() != '0':if len(CurrentShow.get()) > 1:CurrentShow.set(CurrentShow.get()[:-1])else:CurrentShow.set('0')#计算答案修正#
def modifyResult(result):result = str(result)if len(result) > MAXSHOWLEN:if len(result.split('.')[0]) > MAXSHOWLEN:result = 'Overflow'else:# 直接舍去不考虑四舍五入问题result = result[:MAXSHOWLEN]return result#按下运算符#
def pressOperator(operator):global STORAGEglobal IS_CALCif operator == '+/-':if CurrentShow.get().startswith('-'):CurrentShow.set(CurrentShow.get()[1:])else:CurrentShow.set('-'+CurrentShow.get())elif operator == '1/x':try:result = 1 / float(CurrentShow.get())except:result = 'illegal operation'result = modifyResult(result)CurrentShow.set(result)IS_CALC = Trueelif operator == 'sqrt':try:result = math.sqrt(float(CurrentShow.get()))except:result = 'illegal operation'result = modifyResult(result)CurrentShow.set(result)IS_CALC = Trueelif operator=='x²':result=int(math.pow(int(CurrentShow.get()),2))result = modifyResult(result)CurrentShow.set(result)IS_CALC = Trueelif operator == 'MC':STORAGE.clear()elif operator == 'MR':if IS_CALC:CurrentShow.set('0')STORAGE.append(CurrentShow.get())expression = ''.join(STORAGE)try:result = eval(expression)except:result = 'illegal operation'result = modifyResult(result)CurrentShow.set(result)IS_CALC = Trueelif operator == 'MS':STORAGE.clear()STORAGE.append(CurrentShow.get())elif operator == 'M+':STORAGE.append(CurrentShow.get())elif operator == 'M-':if CurrentShow.get().startswith('-'):STORAGE.append(CurrentShow.get())else:STORAGE.append('-' + CurrentShow.get())elif operator in ['+', '-', '*', '/', '%']:STORAGE.append(CurrentShow.get())STORAGE.append(operator)IS_CALC = Trueelif operator == '=':if IS_CALC:CurrentShow.set('0')STORAGE.append(CurrentShow.get())expression = ''.join(STORAGE)try:result = eval(expression)# 除以0的情况except:result = 'illegal operation'result = modifyResult(result)CurrentShow.set(result)STORAGE.clear()IS_CALC = True

Style.py

from Init import *
from Function import *
def Demo():root.minsize(320, 420)root.title('Calculator')# 布局# --文本框label = tkinter.Label(root, textvariable=CurrentShow, bg='black', anchor='e', bd=5, fg='white', font=('楷体', 20))label.place(x=20, y=50, width=280, height=50)# --第一行# ----Memory clearbutton1_1 = tkinter.Button(text='MC', bg='#666', bd=2, command=lambda:pressOperator('MC'))button1_1.place(x=20, y=110, width=50, height=35)# ----Memory readbutton1_2 = tkinter.Button(text='MR', bg='#666', bd=2, command=lambda:pressOperator('MR'))button1_2.place(x=77.5, y=110, width=50, height=35)# ----Memory +button1_3 = tkinter.Button(text='M+', bg='#666', bd=2, command=lambda:pressOperator('M+'))button1_3.place(x=135, y=110, width=50, height=35)# ----Memory -button1_4 = tkinter.Button(text='M-', bg='#666', bd=2, command=lambda:pressOperator('M-'))button1_4.place(x=192.5, y=110, width=50, height=35)# ----Memory savebutton1_5 = tkinter.Button(text='MS', bg='#666', bd=2, command=lambda: pressOperator('MS'))button1_5.place(x=250, y=110, width=50, height=35)# --第二行# ----取余button2_1 = tkinter.Button(text='%', bg='#708069', bd=2, command=lambda:pressOperator('%'))button2_1.place(x=20, y=155, width=62.5, height=35)# ----清除当前显示框内所有数字button2_2 = tkinter.Button(text='CE', bg='#666', bd=2, command=lambda:clearCurrent())button2_2.place(x=77.5, y=155, width=62.5, height=35)# ----清零(相当于重启)button2_3 = tkinter.Button(text='C', bg='#666', bd=2, command=lambda: clearAll())button2_3.place(x=135, y=155, width=62.5, height=35)# ----删除单个数字button2_4 = tkinter.Button(text='del', bg='#666', bd=2, command=lambda:delOne())button2_4.place(x=192.5, y=155, width=62.5, height=35)# --第三行# ----取导数button3_1 = tkinter.Button(text='1/x', bg='#708069', bd=2, command=lambda: pressOperator('1/x'))button3_1.place(x=20, y=190, width=62.5, height=35)# ----平方button3_2 = tkinter.Button(text='x²', bg='#708069', bd=2, command=lambda: pressOperator('x²'))button3_2.place(x=77.5, y=190, width=62.5, height=35)# ----开根号button3_3 = tkinter.Button(text='sqrt', bg='#666', bd=2, command=lambda:pressOperator('sqrt'))button3_3.place(x=135, y=190, width=62.5, height=35)# ----除button3_4 = tkinter.Button(text='/', bg='#708069', bd=2, command=lambda: pressOperator('/'))button3_4.place(x=192.5, y=190, width=62.5, height=35)# --第四行# ----7button4_1 = tkinter.Button(text='7', bg='#bbbbbb', bd=2, command=lambda:pressNumber('7'))button4_1.place(x=20, y=225, width=62.5, height=35)# ----8button4_2 = tkinter.Button(text='8', bg='#bbbbbb', bd=2, command=lambda:pressNumber('8'))button4_2.place(x=77.5, y=225, width=62.5, height=35)# ----9button4_3 = tkinter.Button(text='9', bg='#bbbbbb', bd=2, command=lambda:pressNumber('9'))button4_3.place(x=135, y=225, width=62.5, height=35)# ----乘button4_4 = tkinter.Button(text='*', bg='#708069', bd=2, command=lambda: pressOperator('*'))button4_4.place(x=192.5, y=225, width=62.5, height=35)# --第五行# ----4button5_1 = tkinter.Button(text='4', bg='#bbbbbb', bd=2, command=lambda:pressNumber('4'))button5_1.place(x=20, y=265, width=62.5, height=35)# ----5button5_2 = tkinter.Button(text='5', bg='#bbbbbb', bd=2, command=lambda:pressNumber('5'))button5_2.place(x=77.5, y=265, width=62.5, height=35)# ----6button5_3 = tkinter.Button(text='6', bg='#bbbbbb', bd=2, command=lambda:pressNumber('6'))button5_3.place(x=135, y=265, width=62.5, height=35)# ----减button5_4 = tkinter.Button(text='-', bg='#708069', bd=2, command=lambda: pressOperator('-'))button5_4.place(x=192.5, y=265, width=62.5, height=35)# --第六行# ----1button6_1 = tkinter.Button(text='1', bg='#bbbbbb', bd=2, command=lambda: pressNumber('1'))button6_1.place(x=20, y=300, width=62.5, height=35)# ----2button6_2 = tkinter.Button(text='2', bg='#bbbbbb', bd=2, command=lambda: pressNumber('2'))button6_2.place(x=77.5, y=300, width=62.5, height=35)# ----3button6_3 = tkinter.Button(text='3', bg='#bbbbbb', bd=2, command=lambda:pressNumber('3'))button6_3.place(x=135, y=300, width=62.5, height=35)# ----加button6_4 = tkinter.Button(text='+', bg='#708069', bd=2, command=lambda: pressOperator('+'))button6_4.place(x=192.5, y=300, width=62.5, height=35)# --第七行# ----0# ----取反button7_1 = tkinter.Button(text='+/-', bg='#666', bd=2, command=lambda: pressOperator('+/-'))button7_1.place(x=20, y=345, width=62.5, height=35)button7_2 = tkinter.Button(text='0', bg='#bbbbbb', bd=2, command=lambda:pressNumber('0'))button7_2.place(x=77.5, y=345, width=62.5, height=35)# ----小数点button7_3 = tkinter.Button(text='.', bg='#bbbbbb', bd=2, command=lambda:pressDP())button7_3.place(x=135, y=345, width=62.5, height=35)# ----等于button7_4 = tkinter.Button(text='=', bg='#708069', bd=2, command=lambda: pressOperator('='))button7_4.place(x=192.5, y=345, width=62.5, height=35)root.mainloop()

main.py

from Init import *
from Style import *
if __name__ == '__main__':Demo()

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