1. 安装 Prometheus

# 官网
https://prometheus.io/download/[root@promethues ~]# tar zxvf prometheus-2.30.3.linux-amd64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@promethues ~]# ln -sv /usr/local/prometheus-2.30.3.linux-amd64 /usr/local/prometheus
[root@promethues ~]# mkdir -p /usr/local/prometheus/data# 添加到系统服务
[root@promethues system]# cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/prometheus.service 
[Unit] 
Description=Prometheus Monitoring System
Documentation=Prometheus Monitoring System
After=network.target[Service] 
Restart=on-failure
Type=simple
ExecStart=/usr/local/prometheus/prometheus --storage.tsdb.path=/usr/local/prometheus/data --config.file=/usr/local/prometheus/prometheus.yml[Install] 
WantedBy=multi-user.target 
# 启动并设置开机自启
[root@promethues system]# systemctl enable --now prometheus
[root@promethues system]# systemctl status prometheus
● prometheus.service - Prometheus Monitoring SystemLoaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/prometheus.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)Active: active (running) since Sun 2021-10-31 11:21:37 CST; 56s agoMain PID: 1868 (prometheus)
......# 查看启动端口
[root@promethues system]# ss -anltp|grep 9090
LISTEN     0      128       [::]:9090                  [::]:*                   users:(("prometheus",pid=1868,fd=7))
[root@promethues system]## 访问
http://ip:9090

2. Prometheus 配置文件介绍

[root@promethues prometheus]# cat /usr/local/prometheus/prometheus.yml 
# my global config
global:scrape_interval: 15s # Set the scrape interval to every 15 seconds. Default is every 1 minute.evaluation_interval: 15s # Evaluate rules every 15 seconds. The default is every 1 minute.# scrape_timeout is set to the global default (10s).# Alertmanager configuration
alerting:alertmanagers:- static_configs:- targets:# - alertmanager:9093# Load rules once and periodically evaluate them according to the global 'evaluation_interval'.
rule_files:# - "first_rules.yml"# - "second_rules.yml"# A scrape configuration containing exactly one endpoint to scrape:
# Here it's Prometheus itself.
scrape_configs:# The job name is added as a label `job=<job_name>` to any timeseries scraped from this config.- job_name: "prometheus"# metrics_path defaults to '/metrics'# scheme defaults to 'http'.static_configs:- targets: ["localhost:9090"]
[root@promethues prometheus]#

• global： 此片段指定的是 prometheus 的全局配置， 比如采集间隔，抓取超时时间等。

• alerting: 此片段指定报警配置， 这里主要是指定 prometheus 将报警规则推送到指定的 alertmanager 实例地址。

• rule_files： 此片段指定报警规则文件， prometheus 根据这些规则信息，会推送报警信息到 alertmanager 中。

• scrape_configs: 此片段指定抓取配置，prometheus 的数据采集通过此片段配置。

• remote_write: 指定后端的存储的写入 api 地址，Prometheus 使用的是时序性数据库存储监控数据，默认存储的时间是两个月，如果需要长期存储，可以连接其他数据库

• remote_read: 指定后端的存储的读取 api 地址。

Global 配置参数

# How frequently to scrape targets by default. 
[ scrape_interval: <duration> | default = 1m ] # 抓取间隔# How long until a scrape request times out. 
[ scrape_timeout: <duration> | default = 10s ] # 抓取超时时间# How frequently to evaluate rules. 
[ evaluation_interval: <duration> | default = 1m ] # 评估规则间隔

scrapy_config 主要参数

一个 scrape_config 片段指定一组目标和参数， 目标就是实例，指定采集的端点， 参数描 述如何采集这些实例，主要参数如下

• scrape_interval: 抓取间隔,默认继承 global 值

• scrape_timeout: 抓取超时时间,默认继承 global 值

• metric_path: 抓取路径， 默认是/metrics

• *_sd_configs: 指定服务发现配置

• static_configs: 静态指定服务 job

• relabel_config: relabel 设置