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 android自动化新人一个，目前研究PC端获取android设备的控件信息有哪些方式。多多指教！

        android的目录tools下有2个自带的工具hierarchyviewer和uiautomatorviewer，打开后，如下所示：

 

 

 

       

        分别来介绍它们怎么使用的：

 

   UiAutoMatorViewer

 

      

 点击左上角的手机图样的小图标，出现弹出框，此时正在获取信息：

 

      

         完成获取后得到了当前的手机界面：

 

        

        然后你可以点击主面板中的图片，右面的属性面板会显示你所点击的区域的控件属性。（需要注意到是，你的手机设备或模拟器的api要在16以上，也就是android版本得是4.1以上，因为这个工具是google在4.以后推出来的，只适用于4.1以后的版本）。

 

      

        到这一步，我了解了如何使用这个工具，但是并不是我要研究的东西。我要知道他是如何和手机设备通信，然后获取控件信息的，所以我反编译了uiautomatorviewer.jar，以便从源码了解它的原理。

        在tools/lib下找到uiautomatorviewer.jar。反编译后项目结构如下所示：

 

       

        首先查看UiAutomatorViewer.class,打开后明显看出这是一个java.swt的主界面类，那我们只需要找到工具栏中的按钮的定义。我们就能追踪到点击它是怎么得到设备控件信息的。

 

      

        找到这个按钮的定义后，我们按ctrl键 点击鼠标跟踪进去，发现该类中有一个进度条对话框，这正是我们先前点击按钮出现的对话框，这里面肯定定义信息获取的方式。

       

        查看上面的代码分析得到，UiAutoMatorHelper的子类UiAutoMatorResult和对象result,它得到了UiAutomatorHelper方法和takeSnapShot返回的结果，那么我就去这个方法一探究竟。进入UiAutomatorHelper中，找到takeSnapshot方法。

 

public static UiAutomatorResult takeSnapshot(IDevice device, IProgressMonitor monitor) throws com.android.uiautomator.UiAutomatorHelper.UiAutomatorException{UiAutomatorModel model;String msg;RawImage rawImage;if (monitor == null) {monitor = new NullProgressMonitor();}monitor.subTask("Checking if device support UI Automator");if (!(supportsUiAutomator(device))) {String msg = "UI Automator requires a device with API Level 16";throw new com.android.uiautomator.UiAutomatorHelper.UiAutomatorException(msg, null);}monitor.subTask("Creating temporary files for uiautomator results.");File tmpDir = null;File xmlDumpFile = null;File screenshotFile = null;try {tmpDir = File.createTempFile("uiautomatorviewer_", "");tmpDir.delete();if (!(tmpDir.mkdirs()))throw new IOException("Failed to mkdir");xmlDumpFile = File.createTempFile("dump_", ".uix", tmpDir);screenshotFile = File.createTempFile("screenshot_", ".png", tmpDir);} catch (Exception e) {msg = "Error while creating temporary file to save snapshot: " + e.getMessage();throw new com.android.uiautomator.UiAutomatorHelper.UiAutomatorException(msg, e);}tmpDir.deleteOnExit();xmlDumpFile.deleteOnExit();screenshotFile.deleteOnExit();monitor.subTask("Obtaining UI hierarchy");try {<span style="color:#ff0000;">getUiHierarchyFile(device, xmlDumpFile, monitor);
</span>    } catch (Exception e) {msg = "Error while obtaining UI hierarchy XML file: " + e.getMessage();throw new com.android.uiautomator.UiAutomatorHelper.UiAutomatorException(msg, e);}

        刚开始的时候没明白为什么有好多定义文件的代码，然后就没管，往下看的时候发现了一个getUiHierarchyFile方法，既然在这个方法里没找到获取控件信息的方式，那么我就试着去getUiherarchyFile方法中看看（其实我之前研究hierarchyviewer的时候，这个工具也用过这个getHierarchy方法，只不过叫parseHierarchy，它就是获取控件树的，所以我心中一喜，有戏） 。让我们进入getUiHerarchyFile中看看，看能否发现我们真正需要的。

 

private static void getUiHierarchyFile(IDevice device, File dst, IProgressMonitor monitor) {if (monitor == null) {monitor = new NullProgressMonitor();}monitor.subTask("Deleting old UI XML snapshot ...");String command = "rm /data/local/tmp/uidump.xml";try{commandCompleteLatch = new CountDownLatch(1);device.executeShellCommand(command, new CollectingOutputReceiver(commandCompleteLatch));commandCompleteLatch.await(5L, TimeUnit.SECONDS);}catch (Exception e1){}monitor.subTask("Taking UI XML snapshot...");command = String.format("%s %s %s", new Object[] { "/system/bin/uiautomator", "dump", "/data/local/tmp/uidump.xml" });CountDownLatch commandCompleteLatch = new CountDownLatch(1);try{device.executeShellCommand(command, new CollectingOutputReceiver(commandCompleteLatch), 40000);commandCompleteLatch.await(40L, TimeUnit.SECONDS);monitor.subTask("Pull UI XML snapshot from device...");device.getSyncService().pullFile("/data/local/tmp/uidump.xml", dst.getAbsolutePath(), SyncService.getNullProgressMonitor());}catch (Exception e) {throw new RuntimeException(e);}}

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        我原本以为这里面也应该有个socke啥的，跟手机端通信获取数据的。进来这里面没发现socket，但是仔细一分析，原来UiAutomatorviewer并不是通过socket来获取信息的。它是发送dump命令，让存放在手机设备中/system/bin/uiautomator下的脚本执行，获得一个uidump.xml的文件，然后将这个文件抓到本地。本地读取xml文件就可以了。这才恍然大悟为什么之前takeSnapshot方法中有定义文件的操作，原来它是通过获取xml文件存放在本地临时文件里，太鬼了。

        那剩下的就是读取xml文件喽。到这，我的uiautomatorviewer的了解就结束了，还算有点收获。下面接着hierarchyviewer的使用。

 

   HierarchyViewer

 

        说到hierarchyviewer都是眼泪，花了3个礼拜研究，由于自己的死心眼，非要通过它实现自动化，非要用java写。然后一直研究到它可以遍历settings的所有界面；然后才发现被坑了，代码太长了；if/else写了一大堆，又是dumpsys命令获取window信息和activity信息，又是图片比对确定点击跳转的图片，然后满心欢喜的拿给经理看，经理直接给否决了---效率太低；hierarchyviewer获取数据确实慢，但是总算有的基础版本的嘛；其实我发现经理心里算盘打着好着呢，她只是让我们一步一步的了解，她知道哪种方式最适合，就是还不告诉我们，就让我们自己研究，而我呢，刚来又着急展示一下，根基没打稳就像往大的方向走，都开始实现开啦；然后被经理给拽回来， 开始研究哪些实现获取控件的方式，以及优缺点，这才有了上面的uiautomator的研究；哎，不着急，一步一步来吧。

        说到hierarchyviewer，研究起来真的是小孩学步啊。经理只丢了一个命题：多语自动化测试，你们研究吧。我ca类，我还傻不垃圾的问了一句：什么是多语。旁边的测试人员给我回答了，多国语言测试。汗！好吧，我低端。。。。。。开始吧。

        首先选择是手机端直接测试，还是连上PC端测试？然后发现了monkey，再到monkeyrunner，然后在monkeyrunner里有touch方法点击，然后却不知道一个按钮的坐标怎么确定，在一个犄角旮旯的地方发现有人说通过hierarchyviewer可以获取坐标。然后就开始一个坐标一个坐标的找啊，编写脚本啊。总算实现了一点：唤醒--解锁--点--点--点；然后开讨论会的时候，让经理否决了，说是这么多控件，要一个一个找，得多长时间啊。要做到连上手机，不管哪个画面，它自己获得，然后点击。确实高端大气上档次！but你倒是告诉我从那块搞起啊。哎，在百般纠结于无奈中，柳暗花明啦，hierarchyviewer上的东西不就是人家从客户端获取的么。得到这个讯息后，我找到了一个知平软件写的，然后根据他的研究，一步一步了解了hierarchyviewer，在此感谢这个前辈，放出连接，新手同学可以研究下。

        第一篇：http://www.cnblogs.com/vowei/archive/2012/07/30/2614353.html

        第二篇：http://www.cnblogs.com/vowei/archive/2012/08/03/2618753.html

        第三篇：http://www.cnblogs.com/vowei/archive/2012/08/08/2627614.html

        第四篇：http://www.cnblogs.com/vowei/archive/2012/08/22/2650722.html

        通过读这四篇文章，我对hierarchyviewer有了一定了解，对于这位前辈没给出的一些疑惑我做了一些深入的研究和总结。

        总结：

        1.hierarchyviewer是通过socket连接android设备的ViewServer，通过4939端口建立通信。

        2.通过adb  -s <device>  forward  tcp:localpott  tcp:4939将端口映射到本地端口上

        3.通过该本地端口，客户端启动socket连接ViewServer，发送"dump -1"命令获取控件信息。这些信息一行代表一个控件，然后存放在ViewNode中。

        以上通过上面四篇文章你都能了解到。下面是自己的疑问：

        1.信息是如何从一行一行的字符串转变为viewnode对象的。

        2.是怎么深度遍历树的。

       

       带着这些疑问我又暴力了，反编译hierarchyviewer2lib.jar文件，寻找到了DeviceBridge的parseHierarchy方法：

 

 public static ViewNode parseViewHierarchy(BufferedReader in, Window window) {ViewNode currentNode = null;int currentDepth = -1;try{while ((line = in.readLine()) != null) {String line;if ("DONE.".equalsIgnoreCase(line))break;int depth = 0;while (line.charAt(depth) == ' ')++depth;while (depth <= currentDepth) {if (currentNode != null)currentNode = currentNode.parent;--currentDepth;}<span style="color:#ff6666;">currentNode = new ViewNode(window, currentNode, line.substring(depth));
</span>        currentDepth = depth;}} catch (IOException e) {Log.e("hierarchyviewer", "Error reading view hierarchy stream: " + e.getMessage());return null;}if (currentNode == null)return null;while (currentNode.parent != null) {currentNode = currentNode.parent;}return currentNode;}

 

        通过标红的代码可知，创建ViewNode对象的时候，传入三个参数:window,currentNode,读取的行数据去掉空格后的line.找到ViewNode类。

 

package com.android.hierarchyviewerlib.models;import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Comparator;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.TreeSet;
import org.eclipse.swt.graphics.Image;public class ViewNode
{private static final double RED_THRESHOLD = 0.80000000000000004D;private static final double YELLOW_THRESHOLD = 0.5D;public static final String MISCELLANIOUS = "miscellaneous";public String id;public String name;public String hashCode;public List<Property> properties = new ArrayList();public Map<String, Property> namedProperties = new HashMap();public ViewNode parent;public List<ViewNode> children = new ArrayList();public int left;public int top;public int width;public int height;public int scrollX;public int scrollY;public int paddingLeft;public int paddingRight;public int paddingTop;public int paddingBottom;public int marginLeft;public int marginRight;public int marginTop;public int marginBottom;public int baseline;public boolean willNotDraw;public boolean hasMargins;public boolean hasFocus;public int index;public double measureTime;public double layoutTime;public double drawTime;public ProfileRating measureRating = ProfileRating.NONE;public ProfileRating layoutRating = ProfileRating.NONE;public ProfileRating drawRating = ProfileRating.NONE;public Set<String> categories = new TreeSet();public Window window;public Image image;public int imageReferences = 1;public int viewCount;public boolean filtered;public int protocolVersion;public ViewNode(Window window, ViewNode parent, String data){<span style="color:#ff6666;">this.window = window;this.parent = parent;this.index = ((this.parent == null) ? 0 : this.parent.children.size());if (this.parent != null)this.parent.children.add(this);int delimIndex = data.indexOf(64);if (delimIndex < 0)throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid format for ViewNode, missing @: " + data);this.name = data.substring(0, delimIndex);data = data.substring(delimIndex + 1);delimIndex = data.indexOf(32);this.hashCode = data.substring(0, delimIndex);if (data.length() > delimIndex + 1) {loadProperties(data.substring(delimIndex + 1).trim());}else {this.id = "unknown";this.width = (this.height = 10);}</span>    this.measureTime = -1.0D;this.layoutTime = -1.0D;this.drawTime = -1.0D;}public void dispose() {int N = this.children.size();for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i)((ViewNode)this.children.get(i)).dispose();dereferenceImage();}public void referenceImage() {this.imageReferences += 1;}public void dereferenceImage() {this.imageReferences -= 1;if ((this.image != null) && (this.imageReferences == 0))this.image.dispose();}private void loadProperties(String data){boolean stop;int start = 0;do{int index = data.indexOf(61, start);Property property = new Property();property.name = data.substring(start, index);int index2 = data.indexOf(44, index + 1);int length = Integer.parseInt(data.substring(index + 1, index2));start = index2 + 1 + length;property.value = data.substring(index2 + 1, index2 + 1 + length);this.properties.add(property);this.namedProperties.put(property.name, property);stop = start >= data.length();if (!(stop))++start;}while (!(stop));Collections.sort(this.properties, new Comparator(this){public int compare(, ViewNode.Property destination) {return source.name.compareTo(destination.name);}});this.id = ((Property)this.namedProperties.get("mID")).value;this.left = ((this.namedProperties.containsKey("mLeft")) ? getInt("mLeft", 0) : getInt("layout:mLeft", 0));this.top = ((this.namedProperties.containsKey("mTop")) ? getInt("mTop", 0) : getInt("layout:mTop", 0));this.width = ((this.namedProperties.containsKey("getWidth()")) ? getInt("getWidth()", 0) : getInt("layout:getWidth()", 0));this.height = ((this.namedProperties.containsKey("getHeight()")) ? getInt("getHeight()", 0) : getInt("layout:getHeight()", 0));this.scrollX = ((this.namedProperties.containsKey("mScrollX")) ? getInt("mScrollX", 0) : getInt("scrolling:mScrollX", 0));this.scrollY = ((this.namedProperties.containsKey("mScrollY")) ? getInt("mScrollY", 0) : getInt("scrolling:mScrollY", 0));this.paddingLeft = ((this.namedProperties.containsKey("mPaddingLeft")) ? getInt("mPaddingLeft", 0) : getInt("padding:mPaddingLeft", 0));this.paddingRight = ((this.namedProperties.containsKey("mPaddingRight")) ? getInt("mPaddingRight", 0) : getInt("padding:mPaddingRight", 0));this.paddingTop = ((this.namedProperties.containsKey("mPaddingTop")) ? getInt("mPaddingTop", 0) : getInt("padding:mPaddingTop", 0));this.paddingBottom = ((this.namedProperties.containsKey("mPaddingBottom")) ? getInt("mPaddingBottom", 0) : getInt("padding:mPaddingBottom", 0));this.marginLeft = ((this.namedProperties.containsKey("layout_leftMargin")) ? getInt("layout_leftMargin", -2147483648) : getInt("layout:layout_leftMargin", -2147483648));this.marginRight = ((this.namedProperties.containsKey("layout_rightMargin")) ? getInt("layout_rightMargin", -2147483648) : getInt("layout:layout_rightMargin", -2147483648));this.marginTop = ((this.namedProperties.containsKey("layout_topMargin")) ? getInt("layout_topMargin", -2147483648) : getInt("layout:layout_topMargin", -2147483648));this.marginBottom = ((this.namedProperties.containsKey("layout_bottomMargin")) ? getInt("layout_bottomMargin", -2147483648) : getInt("layout:layout_bottomMargin", -2147483648));this.baseline = ((this.namedProperties.containsKey("getBaseline()")) ? getInt("getBaseline()", 0) : getInt("layout:getBaseline()", 0));this.willNotDraw = ((this.namedProperties.containsKey("willNotDraw()")) ? getBoolean("willNotDraw()", false) : getBoolean("drawing:willNotDraw()", false));this.hasFocus = ((this.namedProperties.containsKey("hasFocus()")) ? getBoolean("hasFocus()", false) : getBoolean("focus:hasFocus()", false));this.hasMargins = ((this.marginLeft != -2147483648) && (this.marginRight != -2147483648) && (this.marginTop != -2147483648) && (this.marginBottom != -2147483648));for (Iterator i$ = this.namedProperties.keySet().iterator(); i$.hasNext(); ) { String name = (String)i$.next();int index = name.indexOf(58);if (index != -1)this.categories.add(name.substring(0, index));}if (this.categories.size() != 0)this.categories.add("miscellaneous");}public void setProfileRatings(){int N = this.children.size();if (N > 1) {ViewNode child;double totalMeasure = 0D;double totalLayout = 0D;double totalDraw = 0D;for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i) {child = (ViewNode)this.children.get(i);totalMeasure += child.measureTime;totalLayout += child.layoutTime;totalDraw += child.drawTime;}for (i = 0; i < N; ++i) {child = (ViewNode)this.children.get(i);if (child.measureTime / totalMeasure >= 0.80000000000000004D)child.measureRating = ProfileRating.RED;else if (child.measureTime / totalMeasure >= 0.5D)child.measureRating = ProfileRating.YELLOW;elsechild.measureRating = ProfileRating.GREEN;if (child.layoutTime / totalLayout >= 0.80000000000000004D)child.layoutRating = ProfileRating.RED;else if (child.layoutTime / totalLayout >= 0.5D)child.layoutRating = ProfileRating.YELLOW;elsechild.layoutRating = ProfileRating.GREEN;if (child.drawTime / totalDraw >= 0.80000000000000004D)child.drawRating = ProfileRating.RED;else if (child.drawTime / totalDraw >= 0.5D)child.drawRating = ProfileRating.YELLOW;elsechild.drawRating = ProfileRating.GREEN;}}for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i)((ViewNode)this.children.get(i)).setProfileRatings();}public void setViewCount(){this.viewCount = 1;int N = this.children.size();for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i) {ViewNode child = (ViewNode)this.children.get(i);child.setViewCount();this.viewCount += child.viewCount;}}public void filter(String text) {int dotIndex = this.name.lastIndexOf(46);String shortName = (dotIndex == -1) ? this.name : this.name.substring(dotIndex + 1);this.filtered = ((!(text.equals(""))) && (((shortName.toLowerCase().contains(text.toLowerCase())) || ((!(this.id.equals("NO_ID"))) && (this.id.toLowerCase().contains(text.toLowerCase()))))));int N = this.children.size();for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i)((ViewNode)this.children.get(i)).filter(text);}private boolean getBoolean(String name, boolean defaultValue){Property p = (Property)this.namedProperties.get(name);if (p != null)try {return Boolean.parseBoolean(p.value);} catch (NumberFormatException e) {return defaultValue;}return defaultValue;}private int getInt(String name, int defaultValue) {Property p = (Property)this.namedProperties.get(name);if (p != null)try {return Integer.parseInt(p.value);} catch (NumberFormatException e) {return defaultValue;}return defaultValue;}public String toString(){return this.name + "@" + this.hashCode;}public static class Property{public String name;public String value;public String toString(){return this.name + '=' + this.value;}}public static enum ProfileRating{RED, YELLOW, GREEN, NONE;}
}

        在构造方法中，我了解到了它把传递过来的ViewNode对象作为当前对象的父对象，又把当前对象作为父节点的子节点。形成一个链表结构，这样我通过最上层的根节点就可以获得所有节点（佩服佩服，后悔自己数据结构和算法没学好啊！）。一行currentNode = new ViewNode(window, currentNode, line.substring(depth))；解决了所有烦恼，就是理解的时候要花费一点时间。

        通过源码的学习。我了解hierarchyviewer的工作方式，然后我动手用java自己来实现。下一篇再续讲，该吃饭了。

下一篇：

android自动化测试中hierarchyviewer和uiautomatorviewer获取控件信息的方式比对（2）

 

 uiautomatorviewer在5.0中的改进