Spring+SpringMVC+Hibernate项目环境搭建

• 工具篇：Intellij Idea+maven+Spring+SpringMVC

• Spring+SpringMVC环境搭建

一、SpringMVC环境搭建

• 1、创建新项目
  (1)、第一步是创建一个由Maven原型的项目，根据图片上的步骤一次选择Maven—–>create from archetype—->maven-archtype-webapp
  
  (2)、第二步是填写GroupId 和ArtifactId
  
  (3)、在位置1处选择我们maven安装的目录，在位置2处选择settings.xml的路径(我只是设置了一次之后就是默认的了)
  
  (4)、设置项目名和项目的位置
  
  到这里项目就创建成功了
• 2、添加Maven中项目所需要的Jar包
  在pom.xml中添加项目SpringMVC所依赖的Jar包

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"><modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion><groupId>com.zbt</groupId><artifactId>enviroment</artifactId><version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version><packaging>war</packaging><name>enviroment Maven Webapp</name><!-- FIXME change it to the project's website --><url>http://www.example.com</url><properties><project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding><maven.compiler.source>1.7</maven.compiler.source><maven.compiler.target>1.7</maven.compiler.target></properties><dependencies><!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-aop --><dependency><groupId>org.springframework</groupId><artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId><version>5.0.6.RELEASE</version></dependency><!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-aspects --><dependency><groupId>org.springframework</groupId><artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId><version>5.0.6.RELEASE</version></dependency><!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-beans --><dependency><groupId>org.springframework</groupId><artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId><version>5.0.6.RELEASE</version></dependency><!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-context --><dependency><groupId>org.springframework</groupId><artifactId>spring-context</artifactId><version>5.0.6.RELEASE</version></dependency><!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-core --><dependency><groupId>org.springframework</groupId><artifactId>spring-core</artifactId><version>5.0.6.RELEASE</version></dependency><!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-expression --><dependency><groupId>org.springframework</groupId><artifactId>spring-expression</artifactId><version>5.0.6.RELEASE</version></dependency><!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-jdbc --><dependency><groupId>org.springframework</groupId><artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId><version>5.0.6.RELEASE</version></dependency><!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-orm --><dependency><groupId>org.springframework</groupId><artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId><version>5.0.6.RELEASE</version></dependency><!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-tx --><dependency><groupId>org.springframework</groupId><artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId><version>5.0.6.RELEASE</version></dependency><!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-web --><dependency><groupId>org.springframework</groupId><artifactId>spring-web</artifactId><version>5.0.6.RELEASE</version></dependency><!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-webmvc --><dependency><groupId>org.springframework</groupId><artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId><version>5.0.6.RELEASE</version></dependency><!--servlet相关的Jar包--><dependency><groupId>javax.servlet</groupId><artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId><version>3.1.0</version><scope>provided</scope></dependency><dependency><groupId>javax.servlet</groupId><artifactId>jstl</artifactId><version>1.2</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>taglibs</groupId><artifactId>standard</artifactId><version>1.1.2</version></dependency></dependencies><build><finalName>enviroment</finalName></build>
</project>

• 3、配置web.xml文件

<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC"-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN""http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" ><web-app version="2.4"xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2eehttp://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd"><!--设置我们的url都会交给DispatcherServlet--><welcome-file-list><welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file></welcome-file-list><servlet><servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name><servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class><init-param><param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name><param-value>classpath:/spring-mvc.xml</param-value></init-param><!--Tomcat 启动时就会初始化DispatcherServlet--><load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup></servlet><servlet-mapping><servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name><url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern></servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

• 5、配置spring-mvc.xml文件
  在resources文件夹下新建一个spring-mvc.xml。spring-mvc.xml文件的功能是什么？

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beanshttp://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.0.xsdhttp://www.springframework.org/schema/contexthttp://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsdhttp://www.springframework.org/schema/mvchttp://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd"><!--启用spring的一些annotation--><context:annotation-config/><!--自动扫描com.zbt.controller--><context:component-scan base-package="zbt.com.controller"/><!--配置注解驱动可以将request参数绑定到controller参数上--><mvc:annotation-driven/><bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"><property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"/><property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"></property><property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property></bean></beans>

• 6、编写Controller类

package controller;import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;@Controller
@RequestMapping("/student")
public class StudentController {private static final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(StudentController.class);@RequestMapping("/hello")public String sayHi(){logger.info("sayHi are called!");return "hello";}
}

• 在WEB-INF/jsp文件夹下创建测试的hello.jsp

<html>
<body><h2>Hello World!</h2>
</body>
</html>

• 启动服务器，在浏览器中输入
  http://localhost:8088/student/hello.do
  显示结果为
  

• 注意事项
  (1)、url-pattern最好配置成下面的形式

<servlet-mapping><servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name><url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

而不是下面这种形式

<servlet-mapping><servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name><url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

配置成第二种模式会出现下面的情况

27-Jun-2018 15:04:02.761 警告 [http-nio-8088-exec-8] org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.noHandlerFound No mapping found for HTTP request with URI [/WEB-INF/jsp/hello.jsp] in DispatcherServlet with name 'springMVC'

网页会出现如下情况

(2)、我们的spring-mvc.xml是放在resources文件夹下面的，以后就按照这种方式编写(注意这是在Intellij idea中，在Eclipse中我不知道会不是是一样的)

<init-param><param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name><param-value>classpath:/spring-mvc.xml</param-value></init-param>

二、Spring+SpringMVC环境搭建

• 编写StudentService

package com.zbt.service;import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;/*** Created by luckyboy on 2018/7/2.*/
@Service
public class StudentService {public String test(){return "hello";}
}

• 创建applicationConfig配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beanshttp://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsdhttp://www.springframework.org/schema/aophttp://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.3.xsdhttp://www.springframework.org/schema/contexthttp://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsdhttp://www.springframework.org/schema/txhttp://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.3.xsd "><context:component-scan base-package="com.zbt"><context:exclude-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/></context:component-scan>
</beans>

注意Spring这里的包扫描方式为，Spring扫描包的时候会排出@Controller注解，也就是不会扫描com.zbt.controller包

<context:component-scan base-package="com.zbt"><context:exclude-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
</context:component-scan>

• 修改spring-mvc.xml中的包扫描方式

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beanshttp://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.0.xsdhttp://www.springframework.org/schema/contexthttp://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsdhttp://www.springframework.org/schema/mvchttp://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd"><!--启用spring的一些annotation--><context:annotation-config/><!--自动扫描com.zbt 而不是com.zbt.controller包--><context:component-scan base-package="com.zbt"/><!--配置注解驱动可以将request参数绑定到controller参数上--><mvc:annotation-driven/><bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"><property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"/><property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"></property><property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property></bean></beans>

• 将StudentService注入到StudentController中

package com.zbt.controller;import com.zbt.service.StudentService;
import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;/*** Created by luckyboy on 2018/6/27.*/
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/student")private static final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(StudentController.class);//使用Autowired将StudentService注入到StudentController中@Autowiredprivate StudentService stuService;@RequestMapping("/hello.do")public String sayHi(){logger.info("sayHi are called!");return "hello";}@RequestMapping("/spring_hello.do")public String springSayHi(){logger.info("sayHi are called by springSayHi");return stuService.test();}}

• 在StudentService类上面添加@Service注解

package com.zbt.service;import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;/*** Created by luckyboy on 2018/7/2.*/
@Service
public class StudentService {public String test(){return "hello";}
}

• 测试
  启动服务器，在浏览器地址栏输入http://localhost:8088/student/spring_hello.do，响应如下
  

• 注意事项
  我们在spring-mvc.xml中的配置包扫描时，如果包扫描配置如下

<!--错误配置方式-->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.zbt.controller"/>
<!--正确配置方式
<context:component-scan base-package="com.zbt"/>
-->

出现的错误

org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.initServletBean Context initialization failedorg.springframework.beans.factory.UnsatisfiedDependencyException: Error creating bean with name 'studentController': Unsatisfied dependency expressed through field 'stuService'; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'com.zbt.service.StudentService' available: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:587)at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InjectionMetadata.inject(InjectionMetadata.java:91)at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:373)at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1348)at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:578)at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:501)at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.lambda$doGetBean$0(AbstractBeanFactory.java:317)at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:228)at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:315)at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:199)at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:760)at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:869)at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:550)at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:672)at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.createWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:638)at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.createWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:686)at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.initWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:554)at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.initServletBean(FrameworkServlet.java:499)at org.springframework.web.servlet.HttpServletBean.init(HttpServletBean.java:172)at javax.servlet.GenericServlet.init(GenericServlet.java:158)at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapper.initServlet(StandardWrapper.java:1144)at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapper.loadServlet(StandardWrapper.java:1091)at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapper.load(StandardWrapper.java:983)at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.loadOnStartup(StandardContext.java:4939)at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5249)at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150)at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChildInternal(ContainerBase.java:754)at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChild(ContainerBase.java:730)at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.addChild(StandardHost.java:734)at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.manageApp(HostConfig.java:1736)at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)at org.apache.tomcat.util.modeler.BaseModelMBean.invoke(BaseModelMBean.java:300)at com.sun.jmx.interceptor.DefaultMBeanServerInterceptor.invoke(DefaultMBeanServerInterceptor.java:819)at com.sun.jmx.mbeanserver.JmxMBeanServer.invoke(JmxMBeanServer.java:801)at org.apache.catalina.mbeans.MBeanFactory.createStandardContext(MBeanFactory.java:482)at org.apache.catalina.mbeans.MBeanFactory.createStandardContext(MBeanFactory.java:431)at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)at org.apache.tomcat.util.modeler.BaseModelMBean.invoke(BaseModelMBean.java:300)at com.sun.jmx.interceptor.DefaultMBeanServerInterceptor.invoke(DefaultMBeanServerInterceptor.java:819)at com.sun.jmx.mbeanserver.JmxMBeanServer.invoke(JmxMBeanServer.java:801)at javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIConnectionImpl.doOperation(RMIConnectionImpl.java:1468)at javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIConnectionImpl.access$300(RMIConnectionImpl.java:76)at javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIConnectionImpl$PrivilegedOperation.run(RMIConnectionImpl.java:1309)at javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIConnectionImpl.doPrivilegedOperation(RMIConnectionImpl.java:1401)at javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIConnectionImpl.invoke(RMIConnectionImpl.java:829)at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)at sun.rmi.server.UnicastServerRef.dispatch(UnicastServerRef.java:357)at sun.rmi.transport.Transport$1.run(Transport.java:200)at sun.rmi.transport.Transport$1.run(Transport.java:197)at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)at sun.rmi.transport.Transport.serviceCall(Transport.java:196)at sun.rmi.transport.tcp.TCPTransport.handleMessages(TCPTransport.java:568)at sun.rmi.transport.tcp.TCPTransport$ConnectionHandler.run0(TCPTransport.java:826)at sun.rmi.transport.tcp.TCPTransport$ConnectionHandler.lambda$run$0(TCPTransport.java:683)at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)at sun.rmi.transport.tcp.TCPTransport$ConnectionHandler.run(TCPTransport.java:682)at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1149)at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:624)at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'com.zbt.service.StudentService' available: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.raiseNoMatchingBeanFound(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1509)at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.doResolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1104)at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.resolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1065)at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:584)... 67 more

会出现包无法扫描的情况，因此我们在spring-mvc.xml中应该配置成扫描所有的包