• 项目使用springboot,一直是单机版,所以也就一直使用springboot整合task的方式,用起来简单方便,但是最近项目改为多节点部署,用一个模块部署在多个机器,这样就会导致以前的定时任务重复执行.
• 所以本文正是在了解到quartz可以实现分布式定时任务后,对quart做了简单的使用,并整理成博客,以前也有用过spring与quartz的整合,通过xml与properties配置文件,但是比较复杂,springboot 2x之后,支持自动化配置;

• 自动化配置关键:

• 所以只需在pom里加入依赖:

        <dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-quartz</artifactId></dependency>

• quartz怎么保证只有在一台机器上触发呢？答案是使用了数据库锁。在quartz的集群解决方案里有张表scheduler_locks，quartz采用了悲观锁的方式对triggers表进行行加锁，以保证任务同步的正确性,所以我们需要导入quartz持久化所需的一些表,去quartz官网下载对应版本就好,我们springboot2.1.0里使用的是2.3.0,下载压缩包后找到对应的sql脚本,支持不同数据库,这也是quartz强大的地方,我的数据库用的mysql
• 

为了方便,这里把脚本贴出来:

SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0;-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for QRTZ_BLOB_TRIGGERS
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `QRTZ_BLOB_TRIGGERS`;
CREATE TABLE `QRTZ_BLOB_TRIGGERS` (`SCHED_NAME` varchar(120) NOT NULL,`TRIGGER_NAME` varchar(200) NOT NULL,`TRIGGER_GROUP` varchar(200) NOT NULL,`BLOB_DATA` blob,PRIMARY KEY (`SCHED_NAME`,`TRIGGER_NAME`,`TRIGGER_GROUP`),KEY `SCHED_NAME` (`SCHED_NAME`,`TRIGGER_NAME`,`TRIGGER_GROUP`),CONSTRAINT `qrtz_blob_triggers_ibfk_1` FOREIGN KEY (`SCHED_NAME`, `TRIGGER_NAME`, `TRIGGER_GROUP`) REFERENCES `QRTZ_TRIGGERS` (`SCHED_NAME`, `TRIGGER_NAME`, `TRIGGER_GROUP`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for QRTZ_CALENDARS
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `QRTZ_CALENDARS`;
CREATE TABLE `QRTZ_CALENDARS` (`SCHED_NAME` varchar(120) NOT NULL,`CALENDAR_NAME` varchar(200) NOT NULL,`CALENDAR` blob NOT NULL,PRIMARY KEY (`SCHED_NAME`,`CALENDAR_NAME`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for QRTZ_CRON_TRIGGERS
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `QRTZ_CRON_TRIGGERS`;
CREATE TABLE `QRTZ_CRON_TRIGGERS` (`SCHED_NAME` varchar(120) NOT NULL,`TRIGGER_NAME` varchar(200) NOT NULL,`TRIGGER_GROUP` varchar(200) NOT NULL,`CRON_EXPRESSION` varchar(120) NOT NULL,`TIME_ZONE_ID` varchar(80) DEFAULT NULL,PRIMARY KEY (`SCHED_NAME`,`TRIGGER_NAME`,`TRIGGER_GROUP`),CONSTRAINT `qrtz_cron_triggers_ibfk_1` FOREIGN KEY (`SCHED_NAME`, `TRIGGER_NAME`, `TRIGGER_GROUP`) REFERENCES `QRTZ_TRIGGERS` (`SCHED_NAME`, `TRIGGER_NAME`, `TRIGGER_GROUP`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for QRTZ_FIRED_TRIGGERS
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `QRTZ_FIRED_TRIGGERS`;
CREATE TABLE `QRTZ_FIRED_TRIGGERS` (`SCHED_NAME` varchar(120) NOT NULL,`ENTRY_ID` varchar(95) NOT NULL,`TRIGGER_NAME` varchar(200) NOT NULL,`TRIGGER_GROUP` varchar(200) NOT NULL,`INSTANCE_NAME` varchar(200) NOT NULL,`FIRED_TIME` bigint(13) NOT NULL,`SCHED_TIME` bigint(13) NOT NULL,`PRIORITY` int(11) NOT NULL,`STATE` varchar(16) NOT NULL,`JOB_NAME` varchar(200) DEFAULT NULL,`JOB_GROUP` varchar(200) DEFAULT NULL,`IS_NONCONCURRENT` varchar(1) DEFAULT NULL,`REQUESTS_RECOVERY` varchar(1) DEFAULT NULL,PRIMARY KEY (`SCHED_NAME`,`ENTRY_ID`),KEY `IDX_QRTZ_FT_TRIG_INST_NAME` (`SCHED_NAME`,`INSTANCE_NAME`),KEY `IDX_QRTZ_FT_INST_JOB_REQ_RCVRY` (`SCHED_NAME`,`INSTANCE_NAME`,`REQUESTS_RECOVERY`),KEY `IDX_QRTZ_FT_J_G` (`SCHED_NAME`,`JOB_NAME`,`JOB_GROUP`),KEY `IDX_QRTZ_FT_JG` (`SCHED_NAME`,`JOB_GROUP`),KEY `IDX_QRTZ_FT_T_G` (`SCHED_NAME`,`TRIGGER_NAME`,`TRIGGER_GROUP`),KEY `IDX_QRTZ_FT_TG` (`SCHED_NAME`,`TRIGGER_GROUP`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for QRTZ_JOB_DETAILS
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `QRTZ_JOB_DETAILS`;
CREATE TABLE `QRTZ_JOB_DETAILS` (`SCHED_NAME` varchar(120) NOT NULL,`JOB_NAME` varchar(200) NOT NULL,`JOB_GROUP` varchar(200) NOT NULL,`DESCRIPTION` varchar(250) DEFAULT NULL,`JOB_CLASS_NAME` varchar(250) NOT NULL,`IS_DURABLE` varchar(1) NOT NULL,`IS_NONCONCURRENT` varchar(1) NOT NULL,`IS_UPDATE_DATA` varchar(1) NOT NULL,`REQUESTS_RECOVERY` varchar(1) NOT NULL,`JOB_DATA` blob,PRIMARY KEY (`SCHED_NAME`,`JOB_NAME`,`JOB_GROUP`),KEY `IDX_QRTZ_J_REQ_RECOVERY` (`SCHED_NAME`,`REQUESTS_RECOVERY`),KEY `IDX_QRTZ_J_GRP` (`SCHED_NAME`,`JOB_GROUP`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for QRTZ_LOCKS
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `QRTZ_LOCKS`;
CREATE TABLE `QRTZ_LOCKS` (`SCHED_NAME` varchar(120) NOT NULL,`LOCK_NAME` varchar(40) NOT NULL,PRIMARY KEY (`SCHED_NAME`,`LOCK_NAME`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for QRTZ_PAUSED_TRIGGER_GRPS
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `QRTZ_PAUSED_TRIGGER_GRPS`;
CREATE TABLE `QRTZ_PAUSED_TRIGGER_GRPS` (`SCHED_NAME` varchar(120) NOT NULL,`TRIGGER_GROUP` varchar(200) NOT NULL,PRIMARY KEY (`SCHED_NAME`,`TRIGGER_GROUP`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for QRTZ_SCHEDULER_STATE
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `QRTZ_SCHEDULER_STATE`;
CREATE TABLE `QRTZ_SCHEDULER_STATE` (`SCHED_NAME` varchar(120) NOT NULL,`INSTANCE_NAME` varchar(200) NOT NULL,`LAST_CHECKIN_TIME` bigint(13) NOT NULL,`CHECKIN_INTERVAL` bigint(13) NOT NULL,PRIMARY KEY (`SCHED_NAME`,`INSTANCE_NAME`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for QRTZ_SIMPLE_TRIGGERS
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `QRTZ_SIMPLE_TRIGGERS`;
CREATE TABLE `QRTZ_SIMPLE_TRIGGERS` (`SCHED_NAME` varchar(120) NOT NULL,`TRIGGER_NAME` varchar(200) NOT NULL,`TRIGGER_GROUP` varchar(200) NOT NULL,`REPEAT_COUNT` bigint(7) NOT NULL,`REPEAT_INTERVAL` bigint(12) NOT NULL,`TIMES_TRIGGERED` bigint(10) NOT NULL,PRIMARY KEY (`SCHED_NAME`,`TRIGGER_NAME`,`TRIGGER_GROUP`),CONSTRAINT `qrtz_simple_triggers_ibfk_1` FOREIGN KEY (`SCHED_NAME`, `TRIGGER_NAME`, `TRIGGER_GROUP`) REFERENCES `QRTZ_TRIGGERS` (`SCHED_NAME`, `TRIGGER_NAME`, `TRIGGER_GROUP`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for QRTZ_SIMPROP_TRIGGERS
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `QRTZ_SIMPROP_TRIGGERS`;
CREATE TABLE `QRTZ_SIMPROP_TRIGGERS` (`SCHED_NAME` varchar(120) NOT NULL,`TRIGGER_NAME` varchar(200) NOT NULL,`TRIGGER_GROUP` varchar(200) NOT NULL,`STR_PROP_1` varchar(512) DEFAULT NULL,`STR_PROP_2` varchar(512) DEFAULT NULL,`STR_PROP_3` varchar(512) DEFAULT NULL,`INT_PROP_1` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,`INT_PROP_2` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,`LONG_PROP_1` bigint(20) DEFAULT NULL,`LONG_PROP_2` bigint(20) DEFAULT NULL,`DEC_PROP_1` decimal(13,4) DEFAULT NULL,`DEC_PROP_2` decimal(13,4) DEFAULT NULL,`BOOL_PROP_1` varchar(1) DEFAULT NULL,`BOOL_PROP_2` varchar(1) DEFAULT NULL,PRIMARY KEY (`SCHED_NAME`,`TRIGGER_NAME`,`TRIGGER_GROUP`),CONSTRAINT `qrtz_simprop_triggers_ibfk_1` FOREIGN KEY (`SCHED_NAME`, `TRIGGER_NAME`, `TRIGGER_GROUP`) REFERENCES `QRTZ_TRIGGERS` (`SCHED_NAME`, `TRIGGER_NAME`, `TRIGGER_GROUP`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for QRTZ_TRIGGERS
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `QRTZ_TRIGGERS`;
CREATE TABLE `QRTZ_TRIGGERS` (`SCHED_NAME` varchar(120) NOT NULL,`TRIGGER_NAME` varchar(200) NOT NULL,`TRIGGER_GROUP` varchar(200) NOT NULL,`JOB_NAME` varchar(200) NOT NULL,`JOB_GROUP` varchar(200) NOT NULL,`DESCRIPTION` varchar(250) DEFAULT NULL,`NEXT_FIRE_TIME` bigint(13) DEFAULT NULL,`PREV_FIRE_TIME` bigint(13) DEFAULT NULL,`PRIORITY` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,`TRIGGER_STATE` varchar(16) NOT NULL,`TRIGGER_TYPE` varchar(8) NOT NULL,`START_TIME` bigint(13) NOT NULL,`END_TIME` bigint(13) DEFAULT NULL,`CALENDAR_NAME` varchar(200) DEFAULT NULL,`MISFIRE_INSTR` smallint(2) DEFAULT NULL,`JOB_DATA` blob,PRIMARY KEY (`SCHED_NAME`,`TRIGGER_NAME`,`TRIGGER_GROUP`),KEY `IDX_QRTZ_T_J` (`SCHED_NAME`,`JOB_NAME`,`JOB_GROUP`),KEY `IDX_QRTZ_T_JG` (`SCHED_NAME`,`JOB_GROUP`),KEY `IDX_QRTZ_T_C` (`SCHED_NAME`,`CALENDAR_NAME`),KEY `IDX_QRTZ_T_G` (`SCHED_NAME`,`TRIGGER_GROUP`),KEY `IDX_QRTZ_T_STATE` (`SCHED_NAME`,`TRIGGER_STATE`),KEY `IDX_QRTZ_T_N_STATE` (`SCHED_NAME`,`TRIGGER_NAME`,`TRIGGER_GROUP`,`TRIGGER_STATE`),KEY `IDX_QRTZ_T_N_G_STATE` (`SCHED_NAME`,`TRIGGER_GROUP`,`TRIGGER_STATE`),KEY `IDX_QRTZ_T_NEXT_FIRE_TIME` (`SCHED_NAME`,`NEXT_FIRE_TIME`),KEY `IDX_QRTZ_T_NFT_ST` (`SCHED_NAME`,`TRIGGER_STATE`,`NEXT_FIRE_TIME`),KEY `IDX_QRTZ_T_NFT_MISFIRE` (`SCHED_NAME`,`MISFIRE_INSTR`,`NEXT_FIRE_TIME`),KEY `IDX_QRTZ_T_NFT_ST_MISFIRE` (`SCHED_NAME`,`MISFIRE_INSTR`,`NEXT_FIRE_TIME`,`TRIGGER_STATE`),KEY `IDX_QRTZ_T_NFT_ST_MISFIRE_GRP` (`SCHED_NAME`,`MISFIRE_INSTR`,`NEXT_FIRE_TIME`,`TRIGGER_GROUP`,`TRIGGER_STATE`),CONSTRAINT `qrtz_triggers_ibfk_1` FOREIGN KEY (`SCHED_NAME`, `JOB_NAME`, `JOB_GROUP`) REFERENCES `QRTZ_JOB_DETAILS` (`SCHED_NAME`, `JOB_NAME`, `JOB_GROUP`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

• 配置文件,这里新建一个application-quartz.yml的文件,application.yml里引入即可,当然也可以直接把配置添加到对应的application文件里:

spring:quartz:#相关属性配置properties:org:quartz:scheduler:instanceName: clusteredSchedulerinstanceId: AUTOjobStore:class: org.quartz.impl.jdbcjobstore.JobStoreTXdriverDelegateClass: org.quartz.impl.jdbcjobstore.StdJDBCDelegatetablePrefix: QRTZ_isClustered: trueclusterCheckinInterval: 10000useProperties: falsethreadPool:class: org.quartz.simpl.SimpleThreadPoolthreadCount: 10threadPriority: 5threadsInheritContextClassLoaderOfInitializingThread: true#数据库方式job-store-type: jdbc#初始化表结构jdbc:initialize-schema: always

• application.yml里引入
• 

• 到此配置就完成了,下面的代码实现,我这里只有一个定时任务,多个可以自己加,也可以实现动态添加,这里就没写,以后慢慢加进来;

package com.ltdd.usercore.config;import com.ltdd.usercore.task.CouponTimeOutJob;
import org.quartz.*;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;@Configuration
public class QuartzConfiguration {// 使用jobDetail包装job@Beanpublic JobDetail myCronJobDetail() {return JobBuilder.newJob(CouponTimeOutJob.class).withIdentity("couponTimeOutJob").storeDurably().build();}// 把jobDetail注册到Cron表达式的trigger上去@Beanpublic Trigger CronJobTrigger() {CronScheduleBuilder cronScheduleBuilder = CronScheduleBuilder.cronSchedule("0 0 0 */1 * ?");return TriggerBuilder.newTrigger().forJob(myCronJobDetail()).withIdentity("CouponTimeOutJobTrigger").withSchedule(cronScheduleBuilder).build();}
}

• 下面是具体执行业务代码的类,自定义job类继承quartz的QuartzJobBean重写executeInternal方法

package com.ltdd.usercore.task;import com.ltdd.usercore.core.service.CouponService;
import com.ltdd.usercore.dal.dataobject.MemberCouponDO;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.quartz.JobExecutionContext;
import org.quartz.JobExecutionException;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.QuartzJobBean;import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.Semaphore;@Slf4j
public class CouponTimeOutJob extends QuartzJobBean {//最大线程数控制private static int MAX_THREADS = 5;//跑批分页大小private static int EXPIRED_PAGE_SIZE = 50;@Value("${coupon.timeout.switch}")private Integer couponTimeoutSwitch;@Autowiredprivate CouponService couponService;@Overrideprotected void executeInternal(JobExecutionContext jobExecutionContext) throws JobExecutionException {//这里写业务代码System.out.println("定时任务执行了..........");}}

• 项目启动后,任务会被持久化到数据库:
• 
• 先启动一个实例我们看到定时任务执行了,每10秒钟打印一次

• 模拟分布式,我们修改项目端口再次启动项目,现在相当于两个定时任务实例,新的实例的定时任务不执行

• 我们把第一个实例停掉,发现第二个实例开始执行定时任务:

• 到这里quartz的分布式定时任务我们就完成了,可以大大提高程序的可用性,但是对于定时任务的效率并没有什么改变,因为我们虽然是多节点部署,但实际操作发现真正干活的还是只有一个,所以要最求效率的可以学习一下elastic-job或者其他的分布式调度任务框架,博主现在还没学习(微笑),学习后更新博客;