在实践中遇到动态管理定时任务的需求，场景通常是动态添加、更新、删除任务，借助Quartz，可方便实现功能。
以下使用Quartz结合Spring Boot方式使用。

POM依赖

<parent><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId><version>2.0.2.RELEASE</version><relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<dependencies><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework</groupId><artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId><scope>test</scope></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.quartz-scheduler</groupId><artifactId>quartz</artifactId><version>2.3.0</version></dependency></dependencies>

代码

QuartzManager类管理任务的增删改查。

/*** @author wzx* @time 2018/6/9*/
@Component
@Scope("singleton")
public class QuartzManager implements ApplicationContextAware {private static SchedulerFactory schedulerFactory = new StdSchedulerFactory();private static final String JOB_DEFAULT_GROUP_NAME = "JOB_DEFAULT_GROUP_NAME";private static final String TRIGGER_DEFAULT_GROUP_NAME = "TRIGGER_DEFAULT_GROUP_NAME";private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(QuartzManager.class);private ApplicationContext applicationContext;private Scheduler scheduler;@Autowiredprivate AutowiringSpringBeanJobFactory autowiringSpringBeanJobFactory;public void start() {//启动所有任务try {this.scheduler = schedulerFactory.getScheduler();scheduler.setJobFactory(autowiringSpringBeanJobFactory);//启动所有任务,这里获取AbstractTask的所有子类Map<String, AbstractTask> tasks = applicationContext.getBeansOfType(AbstractTask.class);tasks.forEach((k, v) -> {String cronExpression = v.getCronExpression();if (cronExpression != null) {addJob(k, v.getClass().getName(), cronExpression);}});logger.info("start jobs finished.");} catch (SchedulerException e) {logger.error(e.getMessage(), e);throw new RuntimeException("init Scheduler failed");}}public boolean addJob(String jobName, String jobClass, String cronExp) {boolean result = false;if (!CronExpression.isValidExpression(cronExp)) {logger.error("Illegal cron expression format({})", cronExp);return result;}try {JobDetail jobDetail = JobBuilder.newJob().withIdentity(new JobKey(jobName, JOB_DEFAULT_GROUP_NAME)).ofType((Class<Job>) Class.forName(jobClass)).build();Trigger trigger = TriggerBuilder.newTrigger().forJob(jobDetail).withSchedule(CronScheduleBuilder.cronSchedule(cronExp)).withIdentity(new TriggerKey(jobName, TRIGGER_DEFAULT_GROUP_NAME)).build();scheduler.scheduleJob(jobDetail, trigger);scheduler.start();} catch (Exception e) {logger.error(e.getMessage(), e);logger.error("QuartzManager add job failed");}return result;}public boolean updateJob(String jobName, String cronExp) {boolean result = false;if (!CronExpression.isValidExpression(cronExp)) {logger.error("Illegal cron expression format({})", cronExp);return result;}JobKey jobKey = new JobKey(jobName, JOB_DEFAULT_GROUP_NAME);TriggerKey triggerKey = new TriggerKey(jobName, TRIGGER_DEFAULT_GROUP_NAME);try {if (scheduler.checkExists(jobKey) && scheduler.checkExists(triggerKey)) {JobDetail jobDetail = scheduler.getJobDetail(jobKey);Trigger newTrigger = TriggerBuilder.newTrigger().forJob(jobDetail).withSchedule(CronScheduleBuilder.cronSchedule(cronExp)).withIdentity(new TriggerKey(jobName, TRIGGER_DEFAULT_GROUP_NAME)).build();scheduler.rescheduleJob(triggerKey, newTrigger);result = true;} else {logger.error("update job name:{},group name:{} or trigger name:{},group name:{} not exists..",jobKey.getName(), jobKey.getGroup(), triggerKey.getName(), triggerKey.getGroup());}} catch (SchedulerException e) {logger.error(e.getMessage(), e);logger.error("update job name:{},group name:{} failed!", jobKey.getName(), jobKey.getGroup());}return result;}public boolean deleteJob(String jobName) {boolean result = false;JobKey jobKey = new JobKey(jobName, JOB_DEFAULT_GROUP_NAME);try {if (scheduler.checkExists(jobKey)) {result = scheduler.deleteJob(jobKey);} else {logger.error("delete job name:{},group name:{} not exists.", jobKey.getName(), jobKey.getGroup());}} catch (SchedulerException e) {logger.error(e.getMessage(), e);logger.error("delete job name:{},group name:{} failed!", jobKey.getName(), jobKey.getGroup());}return result;}@Overridepublic void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext) throws BeansException {this.applicationContext = applicationContext;}
}

定义抽象任务类AbstractTask，实现Job接口，子类Job实例需实现executeInternal方法。

/*** @author wzx* @time 2018/6/9*/
public abstract class AbstractTask implements Job {private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(AbstractTask.class);protected abstract void executeInternal(JobExecutionContext context);protected String cronExpression;@Overridepublic void execute(JobExecutionContext context) {try {executeInternal(context);} catch (Exception e) {logger.error(e.getMessage(), e);logger.error("job execute failed!");}}public String getCronExpression() {return cronExpression;}
}

测试TestTask类，继承AbstractTask类，实现executeInternal方法。

/*** @author wzx* @time 2018/6/9*/
@Component("testTask")
public class TestTask extends AbstractTask {private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(TestTask.class);@PostConstructpublic void init() {this.cronExpression = "0/2 * * * * ? ";}@Overrideprotected void executeInternal(JobExecutionContext context) {logger.info("test task start execute.");try {TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(3);} catch (InterruptedException e) {logger.info("test task execute interrupted.");}logger.info("test task execute end.");}
}

测试用例，测试增加、更新、删除功能。

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class SpringbootdemoApplicationTests {private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(SpringbootdemoApplicationTests.class);@Autowiredprivate QuartzManager quartzManager;@Autowiredprivate TestTask testTask;@Testpublic void testCronTest() throws InterruptedException {quartzManager.start();TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(10);logger.info("start update job");//修改任务quartzManager.updateJob("testTask", "0/3 * * * * ? ");logger.info("end update job");TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(10);logger.info("start delete job");//删除任务quartzManager.deleteJob("testTask");logger.info("end delete job");TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(10);//添加任务logger.info("start add job");quartzManager.addJob("testTask", testTask.getClass().getName(), "0/3 * * * * ?");logger.info("end add job");TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(10);//修改任务logger.info("start update job");quartzManager.updateJob("testTask", "0/3 * * * * ?");logger.info("end update job");TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(10);//删除任务logger.info("start delete job");quartzManager.deleteJob("testTask");logger.info("end delete job");logger.info("end.");}}

结果输出，符合预期。

2018-06-09 16:43:58.052  INFO 2884 --- [           main] org.quartz.impl.StdSchedulerFactory      : Using default implementation for ThreadExecutor
2018-06-09 16:43:58.054  INFO 2884 --- [           main] org.quartz.simpl.SimpleThreadPool        : Job execution threads will use class loader of thread: main
2018-06-09 16:43:58.066  INFO 2884 --- [           main] org.quartz.core.SchedulerSignalerImpl    : Initialized Scheduler Signaller of type: class org.quartz.core.SchedulerSignalerImpl
2018-06-09 16:43:58.066  INFO 2884 --- [           main] org.quartz.core.QuartzScheduler          : Quartz Scheduler v.2.3.0 created.
2018-06-09 16:43:58.066  INFO 2884 --- [           main] org.quartz.simpl.RAMJobStore             : RAMJobStore initialized.
2018-06-09 16:43:58.067  INFO 2884 --- [           main] org.quartz.core.QuartzScheduler          : Scheduler meta-data: Quartz Scheduler (v2.3.0) 'DefaultQuartzScheduler' with instanceId 'NON_CLUSTERED'Scheduler class: 'org.quartz.core.QuartzScheduler' - running locally.NOT STARTED.Currently in standby mode.Number of jobs executed: 0Using thread pool 'org.quartz.simpl.SimpleThreadPool' - with 10 threads.Using job-store 'org.quartz.simpl.RAMJobStore' - which does not support persistence. and is not clustered.2018-06-09 16:43:58.067  INFO 2884 --- [           main] org.quartz.impl.StdSchedulerFactory      : Quartz scheduler 'DefaultQuartzScheduler' initialized from default resource file in Quartz package: 'quartz.properties'
2018-06-09 16:43:58.067  INFO 2884 --- [           main] org.quartz.impl.StdSchedulerFactory      : Quartz scheduler version: 2.3.0
2018-06-09 16:43:58.077  INFO 2884 --- [           main] org.quartz.core.QuartzScheduler          : Scheduler DefaultQuartzScheduler_$_NON_CLUSTERED started.
2018-06-09 16:43:58.077  INFO 2884 --- [           main] c.e.s.service.task.QuartzManager         : start jobs finished.
2018-06-09 16:43:58.081  INFO 2884 --- [eduler_Worker-1] c.e.s.service.task.TestTask              : test task start execute.
2018-06-09 16:44:01.082  INFO 2884 --- [eduler_Worker-1] c.e.s.service.task.TestTask              : test task execute end.
...
2018-06-09 16:44:08.077  INFO 2884 --- [           main] c.e.s.SpringbootdemoApplicationTests     : start update job
2018-06-09 16:44:08.078  INFO 2884 --- [           main] c.e.s.SpringbootdemoApplicationTests     : end update job
2018-06-09 16:44:09.001  INFO 2884 --- [eduler_Worker-7] c.e.s.service.task.TestTask              : test task start execute.
2018-06-09 16:44:12.002  INFO 2884 --- [eduler_Worker-7] c.e.s.service.task.TestTask              : test task execute end.
...
2018-06-09 16:44:18.078  INFO 2884 --- [           main] c.e.s.SpringbootdemoApplicationTests     : start delete job
2018-06-09 16:44:18.078  INFO 2884 --- [           main] c.e.s.SpringbootdemoApplicationTests     : end delete job
2018-06-09 16:44:28.079  INFO 2884 --- [           main] c.e.s.SpringbootdemoApplicationTests     : start add job
2018-06-09 16:44:28.079  INFO 2884 --- [           main] org.quartz.core.QuartzScheduler          : Scheduler DefaultQuartzScheduler_$_NON_CLUSTERED started.
2018-06-09 16:44:28.079  INFO 2884 --- [           main] c.e.s.SpringbootdemoApplicationTests     : end add job
2018-06-09 16:44:30.001  INFO 2884 --- [eduler_Worker-1] c.e.s.service.task.TestTask              : test task start execute.
2018-06-09 16:44:33.001  INFO 2884 --- [eduler_Worker-1] c.e.s.service.task.TestTask              : test task execute end.
...
2018-06-09 16:44:38.080  INFO 2884 --- [           main] c.e.s.SpringbootdemoApplicationTests     : start update job
2018-06-09 16:44:38.080  INFO 2884 --- [           main] c.e.s.SpringbootdemoApplicationTests     : end update job
2018-06-09 16:44:39.001  INFO 2884 --- [eduler_Worker-4] c.e.s.service.task.TestTask              : test task start execute.
2018-06-09 16:44:42.003  INFO 2884 --- [eduler_Worker-4] c.e.s.service.task.TestTask              : test task execute end.
...
2018-06-09 16:44:48.080  INFO 2884 --- [           main] c.e.s.SpringbootdemoApplicationTests     : start delete job
2018-06-09 16:44:48.080  INFO 2884 --- [           main] c.e.s.SpringbootdemoApplicationTests     : end delete job
2018-06-09 16:44:48.080  INFO 2884 --- [           main] c.e.s.SpringbootdemoApplicationTests     : end.
2018-06-09 16:44:48.083  INFO 2884 --- [       Thread-2] s.c.a.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext : Closing org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext@1da2cb77: startup date [Sat Jun 09 16:43:57 CST 2018]; root of context hierarchy

Job默认由Quartz管理，如果需要使用Spring容器管理bean，也就是依赖注入，需要指定JobFactory，也就是指定将Job由Spring容器管理。

/*** @author wzx* @time 2018/6/9*/
@Component
public class AutowiringSpringBeanJobFactory extends SpringBeanJobFactory implements ApplicationContextAware {private transient AutowireCapableBeanFactory beanFactory;@Overrideprotected Object createJobInstance(TriggerFiredBundle bundle) throws Exception {final Object jobInstance = super.createJobInstance(bundle);beanFactory.autowireBean(jobInstance);return jobInstance;}@Overridepublic void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext) throws BeansException {this.beanFactory = applicationContext.getAutowireCapableBeanFactory();}
}