1 VLAN技术及应用
1.1 VLAN
1.1.1 广播域
1.1.2 VLNA -----虚拟局域网
1.2 VLAN配置
1.2.1 实验环境
1.2.1 配置vlan步骤
1.2.2 批量增删vlan
2 Trunk
2.1 Trunk原理
2.2 配置trunk
2.3.1 查看接口配置 display this
2.3.2 清空接口Ethernet 0/0/7的所有配置，恢复默认
2.3.3 链路聚合Eth-Trunk
3 网络层解析
3.1 路由表
3.1.1 路由器产生路由表----直连路由
3.2.2 静态路由--------指定下一跳

1 VLAN技术及应用
1.1 VLAN

学习 → 广播 → 转发 → 更新

//pc1    ping    pc4 
<Huawei>display mac-address
MAC address table of slot 0:
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MAC Address    VLAN/       PEVLAN CEVLAN Port            Type      LSP/LSR-ID  VSI/SI                                              MAC-Tunnel  
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5489-9845-1d5f 1           -      -      Eth0/0/2        dynamic   0/-         
5489-9829-3af2 1           -      -      Eth0/0/3        dynamic   0/-         
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total matching items on slot 0 displayed = 2 
//pc1    ping    pc4 
<Huawei>display mac-address
MAC address table of slot 0:
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MAC Address    VLAN/       PEVLAN CEVLAN Port            Type      LSP/LSR-ID  VSI/SI                                              MAC-Tunnel  
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5489-9845-1d5f 1           -      -      Eth0/0/2        dynamic   0/-         
5489-9829-3af2 1           -      -      Eth0/0/3        dynamic   0/-         
5489-98ed-50b8 1           -      -      Eth0/0/1        dynamic   0/-         
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total matching items on slot 0 displayed = 3

1.1.1 广播域
学习 → 广播 → 转发 → 更新

• 广播域，指接收同样广播信息的节点的集合，可以接受相同广播的范围
• 广播泛滥， 在相同广播域主机过多造成的不良现象
• 交换机的所有接口默认属于同一个广播域
• （广播时， 交换机会向除了数据发送的主机之外的所有其他主机广播，广播的范围为一个广播域，
• 当广播域主机比较多，广播量很大→广播泛滥，占用大量交换机内存空间，运行变慢卡顿，甚至出现宕机）
  1.1.2 VLNA -----虚拟局域网
• 解决广播泛滥造成的不良现象
• 增加安全
• 提高带宽利用率
• 减低数据传递的延迟

1.2 VLAN配置
1.2.1 实验环境

• 实验：1台S3770交换机，6台PC （192.168.0.1/24-192.168.0.6/24）
• vlan1 pc1-2 vlan2 pc3-4 vlan3 pc3-4
  1.2.1 配置vlan步骤
• 创建vlan system-view → vlan 2 → vlan 3
• 默认所有端口都在vlan1
• 删除vlan（系统视图下） system-view → undo vlan 2
• 查看vlan （任意试图下）display vlan
• 批量添加vlan system-view → vlan batch 10 to 20
• 批量删除vlan undo vlan batch 10 to 20
• 将接口加入到相应的vlan

[Huawei]interface ethernet 0/0/3            //进入3号接口
[Huawei-Ethernet0/0/3]port link-type access //将接口定义为接入链路，代表即将规划到某一个vlan中
[Huawei-Ethernet0/0/3]port default vlan 2   //将3号接口加入vlan2 的广播域，表示将来此接口只会传递vlan2区域的数据..............省略                         // 依次添加 Eth/0/0/3 ~ Eth0/0/6 到对应vlan  验证 display vlan 
[Huawei-Ethernet0/0/5]display vlan          //查看 
The total number of vlans is : 3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
U: Up;         D: Down;         TG: Tagged;         UT: Untagged;
MP: Vlan-mapping;               ST: Vlan-stacking;
#: ProtocolTransparent-vlan;    *: Management-vlan;
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
VID  Type    Ports                                                          
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1    common  UT:Eth0/0/1(U)     Eth0/0/2(U)     Eth0/0/7(D)     Eth0/0/8(D)     Eth0/0/9(D)     Eth0/0/10(D)    Eth0/0/11(D)    Eth0/0/12(D)    Eth0/0/13(D)    Eth0/0/14(D)    Eth0/0/15(D)    Eth0/0/16(D)    Eth0/0/17(D)    Eth0/0/18(D)    Eth0/0/19(D)    Eth0/0/20(D)    Eth0/0/21(D)    Eth0/0/22(D)    GE0/0/1(D)      GE0/0/2(D)      
2    common  UT:Eth0/0/3(U)     Eth0/0/4(U)                                     
3    common  UT:Eth0/0/5(U)     Eth0/0/6(U)                                     
VID  Status  Property      MAC-LRN Statistics Description      
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1    enable  default       enable  disable    VLAN 0001                         
2    enable  default       enable  disable    VLAN 0002                         
3    enable  default       enable  disable    VLAN 0003

• 如某个接口划分错误， 可以重新配置vlan，进入对应接口 → port link-type access → port default vlan 编号 → display vlan 编号
• 1.2.2 批量增删vlan
  • vlan batch 10 to 20
  • undo vlan batch 10 to 20
• 2. port-group batch 1 to 5
  • undo port-group batch 1 to 5
• 3. port-group
  • group-member 接口1 接口2 接口3 .。。。

2 Trunk
2.1 Trunk原理

• access 接入链路 ，可以承载一个vlan的数据
• trunk 中继链路 ，可以承载多个vlan的数据
• 两交换机连接接口默认归属于Vlan1

2.2 配置trunk
system-view → interface ethernet 0/0/7 → port link-type trunk 和 port trunk allow-pass vlan all

• 取消trunk标记 undo port trunk allow-pass vlan all
• 两台交换机的两个接口都要配置Trunk

<Huawei>system-view                                  //1 进入系统视图
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]in e0/0/7                                    //2 进入交换机接口
[Huawei-Ethernet0/0/7]port link-type trunk           //3 将接口配置为中继链路
[Huawei-Ethernet0/0/7]port trunk allow-pass vlan all //4 放行所有vlan的数据通过
[Huawei-Ethernet0/0/7]display vlan                   //查看
The total number of vlans is : 3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
U: Up;         D: Down;         TG: Tagged;         UT: Untagged;
MP: Vlan-mapping;               ST: Vlan-stacking;
#: ProtocolTransparent-vlan;    *: Management-vlan;
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
VID  Type    Ports                                                          
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1    common  UT:Eth0/0/1(U)     Eth0/0/2(U)     Eth0/0/7(U)     Eth0/0/8(D)     Eth0/0/9(D)     Eth0/0/10(D)    Eth0/0/11(D)    Eth0/0/12(D)    Eth0/0/13(D)    Eth0/0/14(D)    Eth0/0/15(D)    Eth0/0/16(D)    Eth0/0/17(D)    Eth0/0/18(D)    Eth0/0/19(D)    Eth0/0/20(D)    Eth0/0/21(D)    Eth0/0/22(D)    GE0/0/1(D)      GE0/0/2(D)      
2    common  UT:Eth0/0/3(U)     Eth0/0/4(U)                                     TG:Eth0/0/7(U)                                                     
3    common  UT:Eth0/0/5(U)     Eth0/0/6(U)                                     TG:Eth0/0/7(U)

2.3 链路聚合
2.3.1 查看接口配置 display this

• 查看配置 display current-configuration
• [Huawei-Ethernet0/0/7]display this

#
interface Ethernet0/0/7port link-type trunkport trunk allow-pass vlan 2 to 4094
#
return
[Huawei-Ethernet0/0/7]

2.3.2 清空接口Ethernet 0/0/7的所有配置，恢复默认
system-view → clear configuration interface Ethernet 0/0/7 → interface ethernet 0/0/7 → undo shutdown

<Huawei>system-view                                  //1 进入系统视图
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]clear configuration interface ethernet 0/0/7 //2 恢复接口默认配置，恢复后接口会被关闭
Warning: All configurations of the interface will be cleared, and its state willbe shutdown. Continue? [Y/N] :y
Info: Total execute 2 command(s), 2 successful, 0 failed.
[Huawei]in e0/0/7                                     //3 进入该接口
[Huawei-Ethernet0/0/7]undo shutdown                   //4 开启接口

2.3.3 链路聚合Eth-Trunk

system-view  → interface eth-trunk 1 → trunkport ethernet 0/0/7 0/0/8  
→ port link-type trunk  → port trunk  allow-pass  vlan all
[Huawei]interface eth-trunk 1                       //1 进入eth-trunk 1号接口
[Huawei-Eth-Trunk1]trunkport ethernet 0/0/7 0/0/8   //2 捆绑7号，8号接口
Info: This operation may take a few seconds. Please wait for a moment...done.                     
[Huawei-Eth-Trunk1]port link-type trunk             //3 将这个链路聚合接口设置为中继链路trunk
[Huawei-Eth-Trunk1]port trunk allow-pass vlan all   //4 放行所有vlan的数据通过
[Huawei-Eth-Trunk1]display vlan
The total number of vlans is : 3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
U: Up;         D: Down;         TG: Tagged;         UT: Untagged;
MP: Vlan-mapping;               ST: Vlan-stacking;
#: ProtocolTransparent-vlan;    *: Management-vlan;
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
VID  Type    Ports                                                          
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1    common  UT:Eth0/0/1(U)     Eth0/0/2(U)     Eth0/0/9(D)     Eth0/0/10(D)    Eth0/0/11(D)    Eth0/0/12(D)    Eth0/0/13(D)    Eth0/0/14(D)    Eth0/0/15(D)    Eth0/0/16(D)    Eth0/0/17(D)    Eth0/0/18(D)    Eth0/0/19(D)    Eth0/0/20(D)    Eth0/0/21(D)    Eth0/0/22(D)    GE0/0/1(D)      GE0/0/2(D)      Eth-Trunk1(U)                   
2    common  UT:Eth0/0/3(U)     Eth0/0/4(U)                                     TG:Eth-Trunk1(U)                                                   
3    common  UT:Eth0/0/5(U)     Eth0/0/6(U)                                     TG:Eth-Trunk1(U)                                                   
VID  Status  Property      MAC-LRN Statistics Description      
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1    enable  default       enable  disable    VLAN 0001                         
2    enable  default       enable  disable    VLAN 0002                         
3    enable  default       enable  disable    VLAN 0003

两交换机都要重新进行配置
3 网络层解析
3.1 路由表
交换机通过mac地址表
网关：转发数据到不同网段
路由器可以实现不同范围网络的连接，路由器要依靠路由表来传递数据
3.1.1 路由器产生路由表----直连路由
1 直连路由网络配置

同样配置第二台电脑
直连路由生成—路由接口配置IP好并开启后自动生成
system-view → in g0/0/0 → ip address 192.168.1.254 24 → in g0/0/1 → ip address 192.168.2.1 24

<Huawei>system-view
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]interface g0/0/0
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.254 24    //gibabitethernet0/0/0配置IP
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]in g0/0/1
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.2.1 24     ////gibabitethernet0/0/1配置IP查看路由表
display ip routing-table | include /24  查看路由表信息，过滤包含/24的内容
[Huawei]display ip routing-table | include /24
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: PublicDestinations : 10       Routes : 10       
Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface
192.168.1.0/24  Direct  0    0           D   192.168.1.254   GigabitEthernet0/0/0
192.168.2.0/24  Direct  0    0           D   192.168.2.1     GigabitEthernet0/0/1查看IP地址  display ip interface brief
[Huawei]display ip interface brief
*down: administratively down
^down: standby
(l): loopback
(s): spoofing
The number of interface that is UP in Physical is 3
The number of interface that is DOWN in Physical is 1
The number of interface that is UP in Protocol is 3
The number of interface that is DOWN in Protocol is 1Interface                         IP Address/Mask      Physical   Protocol  
GigabitEthernet0/0/0              192.168.1.254/24     up         up        
GigabitEthernet0/0/1              192.168.2.1/24       up         up        
GigabitEthernet0/0/2              unassigned           down       down      
NULL0                             unassigned           up         up(s)     
[Huawei]

3.2.2 静态路由--------指定下一跳
新增路由器AR2，并配置AR2的三个接口IP

[Huawei-ui-console0]interface g0/0/0                     
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.2.2 24  //0号接口ip，离192.168.3.0和4.0网络最近的ip接口
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]in g0/0/1
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.3.254 24 //1号接口ip，3.0网段的网关
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]in g0/0/2
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip address 192.168.4.254 24 //2号接口ip，4.0网段的网关
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]display ip interface brief  //查看接口ip概要
*down: administratively down
^down: standby
(l): loopback
(s): spoofing
The number of interface that is UP in Physical is 4
The number of interface that is DOWN in Physical is 0
The number of interface that is UP in Protocol is 4
The number of interface that is DOWN in Protocol is 0
Interface                         IP Address/Mask      Physical   Protocol  
GigabitEthernet0/0/0              192.168.2.2/24       up         up        
GigabitEthernet0/0/1              192.168.3.254/24     up         up        
GigabitEthernet0/0/2              192.168.4.254/24     up         up        
NULL0                             unassigned           up配置完后查看路由表------默认静态路由， 不能联通两个路由器的情况
[Huawei]display ip routing-table | include /24
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: PublicDestinations : 13       Routes : 13       Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface192.168.2.0/24  Direct  0    0           D   192.168.2.2     GigabitEthernet0/0/
0
192.168.3.0/24  Direct  0    0           D   192.168.3.254   GigabitEthernet0/0/
1
192.168.4.0/24  Direct  0    0           D   192.168.4.254   GigabitEthernet0/0/
2[Huawei]

静态路由配置
AR1路由器配置 ip route-static 192.168.4.0 24

192.168.2.2       //可以去192.168.4.0 网段
AR2                     ip route-static  192.168.1.0  24   192.168.2.1    //可以去192.168.1.0 网段