游戏界面

pygame游戏引擎的安装

• pip安装
  windows + R --> cmd --> 命令行输入 pip install 模块名==版本号

• pycharm中安装
  File --> setting --> Project --> Project Interpreter --> 右侧 + install --> 搜索框输入pygame --> 下方
  installPackage

面向对象分析

• 分析组成类
  • 实现框架的搭建(类的设计)
  • 主逻辑类
  • 坦克类
  • 我方坦克
  • 敌方坦克 子弹类
  • 爆炸类
  • 墙壁类
  • 音效类

框架搭建

import pygame 
#主逻辑类
class MainGame():def startGame(self):passdef gameOver(self):pass
#基本坦克类
class BaseTank():pass
#我方坦克类
class MyTank():pass
#敌方坦克类
class EnemyTank():pass
#子弹类
class Bullet():pass
#爆炸类
class Explode():pass
#墙壁类
class Wall():pass
#音效类
class Audio():pass
game = MainGame()
game.startGame()

展示主窗口

import pygame
SCREEN_WIDTH = 900
SCREEN_HEIGHT = 550
#主逻辑类
class MainGame():#游戏主窗口window = Nonedef startGame(self):#调用窗口初始化方法pygame.display.init()MainGame.window = pygame.display.set_mode((SCREEN_WIDTH,SCREEN_HEIGHT))pygame.display.set_caption('坦克大战v1.02')while True:#填充窗口背景色MainGame.window.fill((0,0,0))#刷新pygame.display.update()def gameOver(self):pass

事件监听

class MainGame():#游戏主窗口window = Nonedef startGame(self):#调用窗口初始化方法pygame.display.init()MainGame.window = pygame.display.set_mode((SCREEN_WIDTH,SCREEN_HEIGHT))pygame.display.set_caption('坦克大战'+VERSION)while True:#填充窗口背景色MainGame.window.fill((0,0,0))#调用事件处理方法self.getEvents()#刷新pygame.display.update()#所有事件处理的方法def getEvents(self):#获取队列中所有事件，遍历事件，对type为QUIT以及KEYDOWN两种事件类型处理eventList =  pygame.event.get()#遍历所有事件for e in eventList:if e.type == pygame.QUIT:#调用游戏结束的方法self.gameOver()#如果事件类型为按下键盘按键elif e.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:#根据具体按键做对应处理if e.key == pygame.K_UP:print("向上移动")elif e.key == pygame.K_DOWN:print("向下移动")elif e.key == pygame.K_LEFT:print("向左移动")elif e.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:print("向右移动")elif e.key == pygame.K_SPACE:print("biubiu~~~")# elif e.type == pygame.MOUSEMOTION:#     print(e.pos)def gameOver(self):#结束程序exit()

显示我方坦克

#我方坦克类
class MyTank(BaseTank):def __init__(self,x,y):super(MyTank, self).__init__()#设置具体的图片集self.images = {'U':pygame.image.load('img/p1tankU.gif'),'D':pygame.image.load('img/p1tankD.gif'),'L':pygame.image.load('img/p1tankL.gif'),'R':pygame.image.load('img/p1tankR.gif')}#我方坦克的初始方向self.direction = 'U'#设置坦克的图片self.image = self.images[self.direction]#先基于图像获取坦克的位置以及大小self.rect = self.image.get_rect()#修改坦克坐标，改成自定义位置self.rect.centerx = xself.rect.centery = ydef displayTank(self):self.image = self.images[self.direction]MainGame.window.blit(self.image,self.rect)

实现我方坦克的移动

• 坦克类中，实现移动方法

def move(self):#移动，基于速度在指定的方向进行移动if self.direction == 'U':if self.rect.centery > self.rect.height/2:self.rect.centery ‐= self.speedelif self.direction == 'D':if self.rect.centery < SCREEN_HEIGHT ‐ self.rect.height/2:self.rect.centery += self.speedelif self.direction == 'L':if self.rect.centerx > self.rect.height/2:self.rect.centerx ‐= self.speedelif self.direction == 'R':if self.rect.centerx < SCREEN_WIDTH ‐ self.rect.height/2:self.rect.centerx += self.speed

• 事件处理方法中新增移动处理

#所有事件处理的方法def getEvents(self):#获取队列中所有事件，遍历事件，对type为QUIT以及KEYDOWN两种事件类型处理eventList =  pygame.event.get()#遍历所有事件for e in eventList:if e.type == pygame.QUIT:#调用游戏结束的方法self.gameOver()#如果事件类型为按下键盘按键elif e.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:#根据具体按键做对应处理if e.key == pygame.K_UP:print("向上移动")MainGame.tank1.direction = 'U'MainGame.tank1.move()elif e.key == pygame.K_DOWN:print("向下移动")MainGame.tank1.direction = 'D'MainGame.tank1.move()elif e.key == pygame.K_LEFT:print("向左移动")MainGame.tank1.direction = 'L'MainGame.tank1.move()elif e.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:print("向右移动")MainGame.tank1.direction = 'R'MainGame.tank1.move()elif e.key == pygame.K_SPACE:print("biubiu~~~")

优化移动方式

• 事件中新增坦克移动开关控制

#所有事件处理的方法def getEvents(self):#获取队列中所有事件，遍历事件，对type为QUIT以及KEYDOWN两种事件类型处理eventList =  pygame.event.get()#遍历所有事件for e in eventList:if e.type == pygame.QUIT:#调用游戏结束的方法self.gameOver()#如果事件类型为按下键盘按键elif e.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:#根据具体按键做对应处理if e.key == pygame.K_UP:print("向上移动")MainGame.tank1.direction = 'U'#修改坦克运动状态MainGame.tank1.stop = Falseelif e.key == pygame.K_DOWN:print("向下移动")MainGame.tank1.direction = 'D'MainGame.tank1.stop = Falseelif e.key == pygame.K_LEFT:print("向左移动")MainGame.tank1.direction = 'L'MainGame.tank1.stop = Falseelif e.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:print("向右移动")MainGame.tank1.direction = 'R'MainGame.tank1.stop = Falseelif e.key == pygame.K_SPACE:print("biubiu~~~")

• 主逻辑的循环中优化移动

    def startGame(self):#调用窗口初始化方法pygame.display.init()MainGame.window = pygame.display.set_mode((SCREEN_WIDTH,SCREEN_HEIGHT))pygame.display.set_caption('坦克大战'+VERSION)#调用创建我方坦克的方法self.creatMyTank()while True:#填充窗口背景色MainGame.window.fill((0,0,0))#调用事件处理方法self.getEvents()#展示我方坦克self.showMyTank()if not MainGame.tank1.stop:# 我方坦克移动MainGame.tank1.move()#刷新pygame.display.update()#新增，程序休眠，优化坦克移动速度time.sleep(0.020)

实现敌方坦克的加载

• 完善敌方坦克类

#敌方坦克类
class EnemyTank(BaseException):#v1.07def __init__(self,x,y):self.images = {'U': pygame.image.load('img/enemy1U.gif'),'D': pygame.image.load('img/enemy1D.gif'),'L': pygame.image.load('img/enemy1L.gif'),'R': pygame.image.load('img/enemy1R.gif')}# 敌方坦克的初始方向为随机方向self.direction = self.randomDirection()# 设置坦克的图片self.image = self.images[self.direction]# 先基于图像获取坦克的位置以及大小self.rect = self.image.get_rect()# 修改坦克坐标，改成自定义位置self.rect.centerx = xself.rect.centery = y#v1.07生成坦克的随机方向def randomDirection(self):num = random.randint(1,4)if num == 1:return 'U'elif num == 2:return 'D'elif num == 3:return 'L'elif num == 4:return 'R'#v1.07将敌方坦克加入到窗口中def displayTank(self):self.image = self.images[self.direction]MainGame.window.blit(self.image, self.rect)

• 主逻辑中实现敌方坦克的加载

class MainGame():#游戏主窗口window = Nonetank1 = None#v1.07 新增存储敌方坦克的列表enemy_tanklist = []def startGame(self):#调用窗口初始化方法pygame.display.init()MainGame.window = pygame.display.set_mode((SCREEN_WIDTH,SCREEN_HEIGHT))pygame.display.set_caption('坦克大战'+VERSION)#调用创建我方坦克的方法self.creatMyTank()#v1.07调用创建敌方坦克的方法self.creatEnemyTank()while True:#填充窗口背景色MainGame.window.fill((0,0,0))#调用事件处理方法self.getEvents()#展示我方坦克self.showMyTank()#v1.07调用展示敌方坦克的方法self.showEnemyTank()if not MainGame.tank1.stop:# 我方坦克移动MainGame.tank1.move()#刷新pygame.display.update()#v1.06新增，程序休眠，优化坦克移动速度time.sleep(0.020)#创建我方坦克def creatMyTank(self):MainGame.tank1 = MyTank(SCREEN_WIDTH/2,SCREEN_HEIGHT/3*2)#展示我方坦克def showMyTank(self):MainGame.tank1.displayTank()#v1.07创建敌方坦克def creatEnemyTank(self):for i in range(ENEMM_TANK_COUNT):num = random.randint(1,7)etank = EnemyTank(100*num,150)MainGame.enemy_tanklist.append(etank)#v1.07展示敌方坦克def showEnemyTank(self):for etank in MainGame.enemy_tanklist:etank.displayTank()

运行效果

完整代码

# from pygame import *
import pygame,time,random
SCREEN_WIDTH = 900
SCRREN_HEIGHT = 600
COLOR_BLACK = pygame.Color(0,0,0)
VERSION = 'v2.5'
class MainGame():#游戏窗口window = NoneP1 = None#敌方坦克列表enemyTankList = []#我方子弹列表myBulletList = []#存储敌方子弹enemyBulletList = []#存储爆炸效果的列表bombList = []#存储墙壁的列表wallList = []def __init__(self):self.version = VERSIONdef startGame(self):print('游戏开始')#初始化展示模块pygame.display.init()#调用自定义的创建窗口的方法self.creatWindow()#设置游戏标题pygame.display.set_caption('坦克大战'+self.version)#调用创建墙壁的方法self.creatWalls()#调用创建坦克方法self.creatMyTank()#调用创建敌方坦克self.creatEnemyTank()while True:#设置游戏背景的填充色MainGame.window.fill(COLOR_BLACK)#调用展示墙壁的方法self.showAllWalls()# 调用展示我方坦克的方法self.showMyTank()#调用展示我方子弹的方法self.showAllMyBullet()#调用展示所有爆炸效果的方法self.showAllBombs()#调用展示敌方坦克的方法self.showEnemyTank()#调用展示敌方子弹的方法self.showAllEnemyBullet()#调用获取事件，处理事件的方法self.getAllEvents()#窗口持续刷新以即时显示pygame.display.update()time.sleep(0.02)def creatWindow(self):MainGame.window = pygame.display.set_mode((SCREEN_WIDTH,SCRREN_HEIGHT))def getAllEvents(self):#获取所有的事件event_list = pygame.event.get()for e in event_list:if e.type == pygame.QUIT:#关闭窗口，结束游戏，调用gameOver方法self.gameOver()elif e.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:print('点击键盘按键')if e.key == pygame.K_SPACE:bullet = MainGame.P1.shot()#控制子弹发射的数量if len(MainGame.myBulletList) < 4:print('发射子弹')MainGame.myBulletList.append(bullet)print('当前我方子弹数量为:',len(MainGame.myBulletList))#创建音效对象，播放音效文件audio = Audio('tank-images/boom.wav')audio.play()#创建墙壁的方法def creatWalls(self):for i in range(1,8):wall = Wall(i*120,380,'tank-images/steels.gif')MainGame.wallList.append(wall)#展示墙壁的方法def showAllWalls(self):for w in MainGame.wallList:w.displayWall()def creatMyTank(self):MainGame.P1 = MyTank(SCREEN_WIDTH/2,SCRREN_HEIGHT/4*3)def showMyTank(self):MainGame.P1.displayTank()MainGame.P1.move()MainGame.P1.hitWalls()#展示我方子弹def showAllMyBullet(self):for b in MainGame.myBulletList:if b.live:b.displayBullet()#调用子弹的移动方法b.move()#调用是否打中敌方坦克的方法b.hitEnemyTank()#调用是否打中墙壁的方法b.hitWalls()else:MainGame.myBulletList.remove(b)#展示敌方子弹def showAllEnemyBullet(self):for b in MainGame.enemyBulletList:if b.live:b.displayBullet()b.move()#调用是否打中墙壁的方法b.hitWalls()else:MainGame.enemyBulletList.remove(b)def creatEnemyTank(self):for i in range(5):etank = EnemyTank(random.randint(1,8)*100,150)MainGame.enemyTankList.append(etank)def showEnemyTank(self):for etank in MainGame.enemyTankList:etank.displayTank()etank.move()etank.hitWalls()#调用射击方法etank.shot()#展示所有爆炸效果def showAllBombs(self):for bomb in MainGame.bombList:if bomb.live:bomb.displayBomb()else:MainGame.bombList.remove(bomb)def gameOver(self):print('游戏结束')exit()
class Tank():def __init__(self,x,y):#图片集(存储4个方向的所有图片)self.images = {'U':pygame.image.load('tank-images/tankU.gif'),'D':pygame.image.load('tank-images/tankD.gif'),'L':pygame.image.load('tank-images/tankL.gif'),'R':pygame.image.load('tank-images/tankR.gif'),}self.direction = 'U'#从图片集中根据方向获取图片self.image = self.images[self.direction]self.rect = self.image.get_rect()self.rect.centerx = xself.rect.centery = yself.speed = 3self.isDead = False#新增属性用来记录上一步的坐标self.oldx = self.rect.centerxself.oldy = self.rect.centerydef stay(self):self.rect.centerx = self.oldxself.rect.centery = self.oldydef hitWalls(self):index = self.rect.collidelist(MainGame.wallList)if index != -1:self.stay()def move(self):#记录移动之前的坐标self.oldx = self.rect.centerxself.oldy = self.rect.centeryif self.direction == 'U':if self.rect.centery > self.rect.height/2:self.rect.centery -= self.speedelif self.direction == 'D':if self.rect.centery < SCRREN_HEIGHT - self.rect.height/2:self.rect.centery += self.speedelif self.direction == 'L':if self.rect.centerx > self.rect.height/2:self.rect.centerx -= self.speedelif self.direction == 'R':if self.rect.centerx < SCREEN_WIDTH - self.rect.height/2:self.rect.centerx += self.speeddef shot(self):return Bullet(self)def displayTank(self):# 重新设置坦克图片self.image = self.images[self.direction]# 将坦克加载的到窗口MainGame.window.blit(self.image, self.rect)
class MyTank(Tank):def __init__(self,x,y):super(MyTank, self).__init__(x,y)def move(self):#pygame.keypressed_list = pygame.key.get_pressed()#分别判断上下左右四个方向的按键，按下的状态if pressed_list[pygame.K_LEFT]:#修改坦克的方向self.direction = 'L'super(MyTank, self).move()elif pressed_list[pygame.K_RIGHT]:self.direction = 'R'super(MyTank, self).move()elif pressed_list[pygame.K_UP]:self.direction = 'U'super(MyTank, self).move()elif pressed_list[pygame.K_DOWN]:self.direction = 'D'super(MyTank, self).move()
class EnemyTank(Tank):def __init__(self,x,y):super(EnemyTank, self).__init__(x,y)#随机速度self.speed = self.randSpeed(2,5)#随机方向self.direction = self.randDirection()#图片# self.image = self.images[self.direction]#坐标位置self.rect = self.image.get_rect()self.rect.centerx = xself.rect.centery = y#记录坦克移动步数的变量self.step = random.randint(25,50)#生成随机速度值def randSpeed(self,from_,to_):return random.randint(from_,to_)def randDirection(self):list1 = ['U','D','L','R']return list1[random.randint(0,3)]def move(self):if self.step > 0:super(EnemyTank, self).move()self.step -= 1else:#1.生成新的方向self.direction = self.randDirection()#2.步数还原self.step = random.randint(25,50)def shot(self):num = random.randint(1,40)if num == 1:b = Bullet(self)MainGame.enemyBulletList.append(b)
class Bullet():def __init__(self,tank):#图片if isinstance(tank,MyTank):self.image = pygame.image.load('tank-images/tankmissile.gif')else:self.image = pygame.image.load('tank-images/enemymissile.gif')#方向self.direction = tank.direction#坐标位置self.rect = self.image.get_rect()#子弹的具体位置if self.direction == 'U':self.rect.centerx = tank.rect.centerxself.rect.centery = tank.rect.centery - tank.rect.height/2 - self.rect.height/2elif self.direction == 'D':self.rect.centerx = tank.rect.centerxself.rect.centery = tank.rect.centery + tank.rect.height / 2 + self.rect.height / 2elif self.direction == 'L':self.rect.centery = tank.rect.centeryself.rect.centerx = tank.rect.centerx - tank.rect.height/2 - self.rect.height/2elif self.direction == 'R':self.rect.centery = tank.rect.centeryself.rect.centerx = tank.rect.centerx + tank.rect.height / 2 + self.rect.height / 2#移动速度self.speed = 8#子弹的状态（live）self.live = Truedef move(self):if self.direction == 'U':#边界控制if self.rect.centery > 0:self.rect.centery -= self.speedelse:self.live = Falseelif self.direction == 'D':if self.rect.centery < SCRREN_HEIGHT:self.rect.centery += self.speedelse:self.live = Falseelif self.direction == 'L':if self.rect.centerx > 0:self.rect.centerx -= self.speedelse:self.live = Falseelif self.direction == 'R':if self.rect.centerx < SCREEN_WIDTH:self.rect.centerx += self.speedelse:self.live = Falsedef displayBullet(self):MainGame.window.blit(self.image, self.rect)#子弹与墙壁的碰撞def hitWalls(self):index = self.rect.collidelist(MainGame.wallList)if index != -1:self.live = False# 我方子弹是否碰撞到敌方坦克def hitEnemyTank(self):index = self.rect.collidelist(MainGame.enemyTankList)if index != -1:# 打中敌方坦克后的业务逻辑# 修改子弹的live属性self.live = Falsetank = MainGame.enemyTankList.pop(index)# 打中敌方坦克之后产生一个爆炸效果，装进爆炸效果列表中bomb = Bomb(tank)MainGame.bombList.append(bomb)
class Bomb():def __init__(self,tank):#存储多张爆炸效果的图片self.images = [pygame.image.load('tank-images/0.gif'),pygame.image.load('tank-images/1.gif'),pygame.image.load('tank-images/2.gif'),pygame.image.load('tank-images/3.gif'),pygame.image.load('tank-images/4.gif'),pygame.image.load('tank-images/5.gif'),pygame.image.load('tank-images/6.gif')]#用来记录图片为图片集中的第几张self.index = 0self.image = self.images[self.index]self.live = Trueself.rect = self.image.get_rect()self.rect.centerx = tank.rect.centerxself.rect.centery = tank.rect.centerydef displayBomb(self):if self.index < len(self.images):self.image = self.images[self.index]self.index += 1MainGame.window.blit(self.image, self.rect)else:self.index = 0self.live = False
class Audio():def __init__(self,musicpath):pygame.mixer.init()pygame.mixer.music.load(musicpath)def play(self):pygame.mixer.music.play()
class Wall():def __init__(self,x,y,imagepath):self.image = pygame.image.load(imagepath)self.rect = self.image.get_rect()self.rect.centerx = xself.rect.centery = ydef displayWall(self):MainGame.window.blit(self.image,self.rect)
game = MainGame()
game.startGame()