原文链接：http://www.free-soft.org/guitool/

The GUI Toolkit, Framework Page

User interfaces occupy an important part of software development. This page provides a comprehensive reference on toolkits for building graphical user interfaces (GUIs), with emphasis on resources for Free Software (Open Source). This page focuses on personal computers but also references some offerings for embedded products.
Note to people using the geocities.com site: if you see the site down due to bandwidth limit being exceeded, please consider using the other site listed below 

GUI Toolkit developers: please let me know of news/changes to your projects/products so I can update this page accordingly.

This page resides in http://www.geocities.com/SiliconValley/Vista/7184/guitool.html and 
http://www.atai.org/guitool/

Page created April 17, 1997 (86). recent changes

Free toolkits: C/C++ Java other languages    | commercial toolkits: C/C++ Java   | Related links   | copyright

GPL: GNU General Public License 
LGPL:GNU Library/Lesser General Public License 
PD: Public Domain 
BSD: BSD or X11-like license (commonly allowing you todo whatever you want provided the original copyright notice is kept and credit given)
Art: The Perl Artistic License 
MPL: Mozilla Public License

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Free Toolkits (including both Free (in the GNU sense) and no-cost ones)

C/C++ oriented

(unless explicit stated with "C API", all toolkits in this table provide APIs in C++) 
  

Name	Comments	license	Unix X11+	UnixX11+Motif	MS Win 95/98	MS Win NT/2000/ XP/Vista	MS Win 3.1	OS/2 PM	MacOS	NextStepOpenStep  MacOS X	other platforms
AbiWord 's cross platform layer	cross-platform framework in C++ see interesting development methodology for more info Unix version built on gtk+	GPL	y		y	y				y	QNX and BeOS
AbsoluteX	n open source free class library primarily developed for use with X Window System. Uses libsigc++.	LGPL	y
aedGUI	a cross-plataform, easy-to-use, non-intrusive C++ GUI library that runs on top of SDL	LGPL	(via SDL)	(viaSDL)	(via SDL)	(via SDL)	(viaSDL)	(via SDL)	(via SDL)	(via SDL)	(via SDL)
Agar	a high-level graphical C application framework aimed primarly at 2D/3D games and simulations. Agar applications are portable to a variety of platforms thanks to theSDL.support for SDL 2D and OpenGLrendering. Thread safe	BSD	y (via SDL)	(viaSDL)	y (via SDL)	y (via SDL)	(viaSDL)	(via SDL)	y (viaSDL)	y (via SDL)	other platforms supported by SDL
Amiga Foundation Class	aims to support Amiga and X11	art	?								Amiga (?)
AlfaGUI	a small GUI library for DOS, useful for embedded applications		y								DOS 16/32 bit
Amulet  OpenAmulet( discounted?)	research-oriented toolkit from CMU. native look andfeel. High-level support for interactive interfaces: Direct Manipulation Behaviors, Undo, Animation, etc. original project at CMU completed and Nolonger supported. However, another group has picked up development as OpenAmulet.	PD	y		y	y			y
Andrew	research system from CMU. C and C++ API.	BSD	y
Bakery	a C++ Framework for creating GNOMEapplications using Gnome-- and       Gtk--.	LGPL	y
Berlin Fresco (new)	a totally new window system for Unix/Linux that alsoincludes high level APIs for GUI programming.  Very experimental asit buids upon  OpenGL and CORBA.  Successor ofFresco andOffix. Also listed as an alternative windowing system Berlin renamed to Fresco in 2002, taking on the name of the old GUI toolkit Fresco	LGPL
BGUI	GUI library for Amiga.based on BOOPS. C API.	freely distributable									Amiga
CG(link broken?)	GUI toolkit of the Arachne project	BSD	y		y	y			y
CLX	(Component Library for Cross-platform)Cross-platform library for, and part of, Delphi,Kylix and CBuilder - Based on  top of Qt, Linux only	GPL	y
Coral (ctGUI)	very powerful and complete advanced application framework with strong GUI components.  Advanced functionalities for non-GUI tasks like networking, shared memory, etc.	Art	y		y	y					Amiga (old versions)
C++/Tk, cpptk	C++ interface to the Tk library tries to provide not only the Tk functionality, but also its wayof writing code, based on the syntax used in Tcl/Tk.	BSD	y		y	y				y(?)
CroPL	a C++ application framework and utility library for single-source Mac/Windows applications	non-profit use only			y	y			y	y
Cvo		BSD	y
CX	an "UI utility with themes support." just begin.	LGPL	y
DCLAP	bare-bone application framework. Nolonger developed and maintained for 3 years already	noncommercial only		y	y	y	y		y
EasyGTK (link broken?)	EasyGTK is a wrapper library to make GTK programmingeasier, and quicker	GPL	y
Epeios	Collection of general purposes libraries essentially coded in C++ and working under UNIX and Windows. containing GUI library	GPL	y		y	y
ET++	project is completed. successor is MET++.	BSD	y(?)	y(?)
EZWGL	C API. motif look and feel.	LGPL	y
Fltk	The Fast Light Tool Kit. API modeled afterXform,but in C++. SGI Motif look and feel. good documentation.( Fluid, an UI builder)	LGPL with additional permissions	y		y	y		y	y	y	Microwindows/NanoGUI/Nano-X
FOX	C++-based toolkit on top of XLib. MS Win 95 look.under development	LGPL with additional permissions	y		y	y	y
Fresco (old) also see Berlin as the new Fresco	Advanced research toolkit formly supported by theX Consortium but now independently developed. Successor to Interviews.( alt. page)( Java version)  ( another info page)  development stopped,  succeeded by Berlin	BSD	y		y	y			y
GEM	The old GUI environment for MSDOS and Atari ST (about1985), now free  software	GPL									MS-DOS and Atari ST
GEM++	C++ classes for GEM programming, for Atari ST.	LGPL
GINA	a research project, is completed. (ftp)			y
GLOW	"a cross-platform object-oriented framework for building interactive applications usingOpenGL or similar APIs such as Mesa. It is, at its heart, an C++ wrapper for GLUT, providing a fully object-oriented API for creating windows, menus and other GUI elements, and for event handling. GLOW also features an extensible cross-platform widget library for building powerful user interfaces."Note:Thusportable to any platform where a functional OpenGL implementation exists(including Mesa )	LGPL	note	note	note	note	note	note	note	note	note
GLUI	An OpenGL /GLUT-basedGUI toolkit.   Rendering is done entirely in OpenGL. Win 95 lookand feel.  Note: Thusportable to any platform where a functional OpenGL implementation exists(including Mesa )	LGPL	note	note	note	note	note	note	note	note	note
GNOME (libs)	the GNOME desktop also servesas an application framework, C API. Requirers gtk+	LGPL	y
GNUstep	envolving NextStep/OpenStep clone. C/Objective CAPI. Version 0.6.6 just released	LGPL	y
gnewt	a gtk+-based toolkit for writing simple user interfaces	LGPL	y
grafix	a library for "drawing pictures, functions or othergraphic objects in an interactive manner" or simple graphical user interfaceconstruction" with emphasis on visualization, not UI	GPL	y
GraphAPP	C API. a small toolkit for teaching.	?	y	y	?	?	y
gtk+	The GIMP Toolkit.developed as part of theGIMP project. Now at version 2.2. C API. ISthe leading toolkit in the free software community in conjuction with Qt. variable  look and feel (default:Motif).   (ftp) (mailing list) ( gtk--,a C++ wrapper)(Gtkkitand Gtoolkit , ObjectC wrappers) (wxGTK, WxWindows port to gtk+ (C++ API)) (gtkv,Vport to gtk+ (C++ API))  (VDK , SDPGTK, Inti, other C++ wrappers)  glade, grad, epingle,UI builders for gtk+ and gtk--  libglade , a library for gtk/ GNOME  allowing GUI built at run time from specifications in configuration files in XML format, without the need to recompile program	LGPL	y		y	y				in progress	BeOS , Linux console, DirectFB
gtkmm (gtk--) gnomemm (gnome--)	complete C++ wrapper for gtk+ and GNOME. Uses modern C++ features (templates, etc.) for type-safe callbacks and signal/slots withlibsigc++ . glade--,GUI builders for gtk--  related: gnomemm, c++ bindings for GNOME	LGPL	y
GuiToolkit	"a class set which allow You to build applications with new Microsoft interface style .It includes more than 50 of MFC classes"	no cost use			y	y
Harmony	attempts to create a Qt clone witha true Free Software license.  Development is halted.	LGPL	unfinished
Hv	C API.	?		y
Interviews  ivtools	Ivtoolsis an actively maintained and envolved version of Interviews, formerly by VectaportIvtool apps can be embedded inside Motif and Xt canvas. Ivrools contains an application framework, a GUI widget framework, Acommand interpreter , drawing editor application framework,  command interpreter into the drawing editor and graph/network application  Interviews (ftp) was   an early advanced toolkit whose development stopped around  1993. conceptual successor is  Fresco.	BSD	y
Inti	a set of integrated foundation libraries for developingC++ applications on UNIX-like systems such as Linux, including C++ wrapper for gtk+.(2.0 only) new developer, now in version 1.0 beta.	LGPL	y
IUP	ANSI C, native controls, custom contros, abstract layout, only a few functions, Lua Scripting	freely distributable		y	y	y
IBTK	a small, "basic self-contained no-frills toolkitto create platform-independent GUI software (in C++)	GPL	y
JAPI	Written in  JAVA and C,  provides the JAVA AWT Toolkit to non object oriented Languages like C, Fortran, Pascal, Ada and even Basic	LGPL	y	y	y	y
JUCE	an all-encompassing C++ class library for developing cross-platform applications	GPL			y	y				y
KaiView	stalled in favor of the LIP . recently resumed	?	y
KDE(libs)	KDE desktop  also serves as anapplication framework. Requires Qt	LGPL	y
LessTif	an envolving Motif 1.2 clone. getting close to becomea complete Motif substitution. C API.	LGPL	y
LGI (Lightweight GUI Interface)	also for BeOS "a small enough library that one person can understand it all."	LGPL	y		y	y					BeOS
libgui	C API.	BSD	y
libgx	a lightweight, non-intrusive, public-domain C++ widget library for writing X11 applications	public domain	y
libsx	"the Simple X library -- is a lightweight wrapperlibrary sitting on top of the Athena Widget set." C API	LGPL	y
LIP	Linux Interface Project. still under development, in the beginning stage. development stalled?	LGPL(?)  Art(?)	y
MacAPP	Apple 's Mac framework, probably the first widely available GUI framework.   No longer supported by Apple but third party development at www.clubmacapp.com	MacAPP license			y (unfinished)	y (unfinished)			y	y
Marx	C API. the GUI toolkit is part of a C-like scriptlanguage for quickly building GUIs, although also usable from compiled C. Motif look and feel.	GPL	y
MacZoop	C++ API. Framework on top of Carbon API.	MacZoop license							y	y
MET++	"an object-oriented application framework .... providingreusable objects for 2D graphics, user interface components, 3D graphics,video, audio, and music." based on ET++.	?	y		?	y(?)			y(?)
MGUI	C API.	?	y		y	y	y
Microwindows	a small windowing system providing Win32 and X11API, targetting embedded systems. C API	MPL, GPL	y								MS-DOS, Linux framebuffer, RTEMS, Linux SVGAlib
MiniGUI	" a compact Graphics User Interface (GUI) support system for Linux. MiniGUI defines some Win32-like APIs for the applications. The goal of MiniGUI is keeping its features of small and exquisiteness to provide a small windowing system support library."	LGPL	y								Linux framebuffer, Linux SVGAlib and libCGI
(Motif)  OpenMotif	The real Motif, the traditional standard Unix X11 toolkit, now moving toward free/open source software.  C API.	OpenGroup Public License(free for free/open source unices only)	y	native
Motif++	C++ wrapper for motif.	?		y
notif	written in object-oriented C.  C API. Motiflook and feel. ( announcement)	GPL	y
NGL, NUI	NGL is an application framework intended to work with SGI's OpenGL* API. NUI is a cross-platform C++ GUI programming framework for OpenGL applications built on top of the NGL	LGPL	y note	note	y note	y note	note	note	y note	y note	note
NWS	distributed as part of Pavuk.C API.	GPL	y
OPaC(link broken?)	"a highly portable user interface toolkit with dynamicedition." look and feel and behavior are adjustable/editable at run time	"OPaCFree Public License"	unfinished (?)		y	y		unfinished	unfinished
OpenOffice(as an GUI application framework )	possibly modern forms of StarView?containing a complete application framework and GUI library as the basis of an office suite, including low level GUI toolkit (VCL),application framework, graphics applications services	GPL/LGPL/SISSL	y		y	y
Offix	a very rich C++ interactive application API withclasses for X11 windows, images, events, clipboards, inter-application communications, styles for look and feel, layout management and drag anddrop.  Also has classes for Unix system services. Open Look and Motiflook and feel. In alpha  release. No longerdeveloped, work merged into Berlin	LGPL	y
OpenGUI	a small  graphics  &   windowing library  built  upon a  fast,    low-level  x86 asm  graphics  kernel. Windows 95 look and feel	LGPL									Linux console, MS-DOSDJDPP, QNX
ParaGUI	a high-level crossplatform application framework and GUI library. It is completely based on the SimpleDirectMedia Layer (SDL). Works on any environment where SDL exists.	LGPL	y (via SDL)		y (via SDL)	y (via SDL)			y (viaSDL)
PicoGUI	"a new Graphical User Interface architecture designed with embedded systems in mind. ... includes low-level graphics and input, widgets, themeing, layout, font rendering, network transparency, and debugging features." Also can be an alternative windowing system (when running on framebuffers)	GPL/LGPL	y (native or via SDL)		y	y				y (via SDL)	Linux frame buffer, numerous embedded devices (see this list)
Pingo	a C++ class library and framework for X Window Systemwith OSF/MOTIF look-and-feel. API is similar to the Java AWT API.	LGPL		y
Qt	a high-quality framework. hasadvanced features not present in other toolkits, such a full 2d graphics API (with rotations, scaling, shearing, etc.), metafile support, same code for screen and printer output. variable look and feel (default:Motif or Win95). at version 4 KDevelop , EBuilder, Qt Architect ,QtDesigner and QtEZ, UI buildersfor Qt Qwt, additional GUI components for Qt for scientific appl (see this link for info on integration withMotif)	Qt Free Edition license (1.x series, X11 versiion)   QPL( Qt 2.x series, X11 version)  QPL and GPL(Qt 2.2 and later, X11 version)  (Windows  and MacOS  X) (GPLed)	y (QPL and GPL)		y (GPLed)	y (GPLed)			y(GPLed)		Qt/Embedded: for the Linux frame buffer without X.
SmartWin	a small sized, extremely type safe, no overhead what so ever, fully template based C++ GUI library for Windows API (formerly known as Win 32 API).	GPL plus additional permissions			y (?)	y
STDWIN	C API. No longer supported.	?	y						y
SUIT	Simple User Interface Toolkit. C API.	?	y				y		y
Taronja	information in Spanish... no English info available.	BSD	y (?)							?
Tk	good widget set but not frequently used as a pure C library. Widely used in combination with high-level script languages (Tcl, Scheme,Python, Perl,etc.). C API. Native look and feel.	BSD	y		y	y	y		y	y
TOAD	in early stage, still alpha	LGPL	y
Trixul	Trixul is an XML and JavaScript GUI toolkit that supports MacOS X, Linux, and Windows environments directly via Cocoa, Gtk+, and .NET native implementations. JavaScript code can call C++ directly.	BSD	y (on top ofgtk+)			y (on top of .Net Forms)				y
TWIN/The     Willows     Toolkit	implementation of MS Windows API on other platforms.C API.	LGPL	y		native	native	native		y
Ultimate++	C++ toolkit that "achieves significant reduction of code complexity for most applications when compared to other development platforms"	BSD	y		y	y
V	Common C++ wrapper for many platforms. a good "competitor"of WxWidfgets.native look and feel.  ( gtkv, gtk+ port of V)	LGPL	y	y	y	y	y	y
VDK	"Visual Development Kit", a C++ wrapper forgtk+ ( VDK Builder, a RAD tool for VDK)	LGPL	y
Vibrant (NCBI Toolkit)	part of National Center for Biotechnology Informationsoftware development toolkit, a multi-platform user interface developmentlibrary that automatically handles the behavior of GUI objects, with callbacksto programs			y	y(?)	y(?)	y(?)		y
(TheHungry) ViewKit	a clone of the SGI (ICS) Viewkit.Currently not being developed.	LGPL(?)	(in the future with lesstif)	y
ViewKit (ICS)	C++ framework for Motif.  Freely available for Linux Only.	no-cost (for Linux only)		y
VCF	Visual Component Framework, "a simple to use cross platform GUI framework, with many of the advanced design features of Java and Java's Swing, and Borland's Visual Component Library.Also provides advanced RTTI/Introspection features common in languages like Object Pascal, Objective C, Smalltalk, and Java, but not typically found in C++"	BSD	in development		y	y				in development
VXCL	The Virtual X Class Library. API strongly linked to the Win32 API.	LGPL		y	y	y	y
VxLib	Visual Text Library, a "character cell"-based librarylike text mode but displayed in a X window	GPL	y
Wafe	"Wafe (Widget[Athena]front end) is a package thatimplements a symbolic, string based interface based on Tcl to the X Toolkit, the Athena Widget Set , Motif and various complementary widget classes and extension packages. " C API.	BSD	y	y
wGui	a simple, platform independent dialog manager library using SDL	LGPL	(via SDL)	(viaSDL)	(via SDL)	(via SDL)	(viaSDL)	(via SDL)	(via SDL)	(via SDL)	(via SDL)
Whisper	"general purpose Mac/Win32 C++ application framework. successor to the Mac framework Raven.   is a modern framework that takes advantage of templates, multiple inheritance, STL, and exceptions. is designed around the notionof Design by Contract and includes numerous debugging tools."	BSD			y	y	y		y
WideStudio	an IDE with an original windowing library and visual window editor and a rich set of development facilities	BSD	y		y	y				y
Wine	"a free implementation of Windows (API) on Unix" On Intel x86 PCs only, can be used to port Windows programs to X11	LGPL	y (Intel x86 PC only)		native	native	native	y
WIRP	"Windows Interface Reduced Programming is a libraryof c routines for simple, platform independent GUI programming." C API.	?	y
WWL( ?)	C++ classes around X widgets.	?	y(?)	y(?)
WxWidgets	(formerly wxWindows) Common C++ wrapper for many platforms. version 2,.4  just released. native look and feel. good cross-platform support.(Wxxt, X Toolkit port)  ( WxGTK, gtk+ port)	BSD(version1.x only)  LGPL ( wxxt1.6xonly)  WxWidgets license (version 3.0, actually LGPL plus exceptions)	y	y	y	y	y	y	y	y	also on top of MicroWindows, and MGL
Xarm	a C++ wrapper for Motif.	LGPL		y
X|Front	"a C++ library providing an object-oriented interfaceto X11R5 Xlib"	BSD	y
xclasses	"the X11 layout library." details available in Germanonly   note another toolkit has the samename	LGPL	?
xclasses, xclass95	developed in conjuction with thefvwm95window manager. MS-Win 95 look and feel.  note another toolkit has the samename	LGPL	y
XForms	a toolkit distributed in binary form only. C API. (fdesign,a UI builder)	X Forms license	y
Xm++ (?)	C++ classes for Motif and X11 Athena widgets	?	y	y
Xmt (Motif Tools),Xmt++	"Xmt is a Motif Tools library. The Xmt Motif Tools library provides developers of user interfaces tools that make Motif easier to use. Xmt consists of the core library of additional widgets, utility programs, docs, tutorials, and example code." C API. Supports rapid prototyping, GUI story boarding.  "Xmt++ is to provide a C++ Model-View-Controller framework implementation based on Xmt. This framework makes it easier to integrate a Motif GUI to an application and maintain design integrity."	BSD	y
XPIP	C API	BSD	y
XPToolkit (Xpfe)	cross-platform, toolkit for Mozilla."An open source SDK for building common cross-platform user interfaces usingexisting cross-platform  standards (e.g., XML, RDF, HTML, CSS, DOM, JavaScript) and technologies (e.g., Gecko, XPConnect) to minimize  platform-specific code." May built on top ofgtk+ and Xt for X11	MPL/GPL/LGPL	y (Xt, gtk)	?	y	y	y	y	y	y	BeOS
XView	the Open Look widget set. C API. no longer supportedby Sun in favor of Motif.		y
YACL (link broken?)	native look and feel	BSD		y	y	y	y	y
YAAF	Yet Another Application Framwork,  with fairlycomplete  GUI classes and good cross-platform support	BSD	y		y	y			y
yzone	a set of universal cross-platform libraries for creationof the graphical modular applications for any UNIX or Microsoft Windowsplatform. C API	LGPL	y		y	y
Zinc	well stablished, cross-platform   framework. supports 24 platforms  (including MS DOS and Unix text mode)	desktop use only (not for  embedded applications)		y	y	y	y	y			MS-DOS, VxWorks, pSOS
Zoolib	"Zoolib provides a GUI toolkit with a uniquely flexible layout system. It also provides a single-file database format, TCP networking, and extensive debugging support. ZooLib applications are multithreaded. ZooLib requires only minimal support from the underlying OS and platform GUI layer, and thus could be ported to a completely new platform without too much difficulty"	BSD	y		y	y			y	y	BeOS
Zune	Amiga MUI clone for X11	LGPL	y
Name	Comments	license	Unix X11 +	UnixX11 +Motif	MS Win 95/98	MS Win NT/2000/ XP/Vista	MS Win 3.1	OS/2 PM	MacOS	NextStepOpenStep MacOS X	other platforms

(⁺X11 has been ported to OS/2 so theoretically X-based toolkits work in OS/2 X11 as well. see Xfree86/OS2)

to top

Java oriented

• Biss-AWT (GPL-like license)
• SAWT
• GWT (Gadget Windowing toolkit), licensed under LGPL,from DTAI Inc. (nolonger available?)
• Koala Toolkit (license)
• SubArctic,not an AWT clone but a toolkit based on advanced research (license)
• FrescoJavaport (only supports Java 1.0.2)
• Mica,  from SoftwareFarm ( license)
• Marimba's FreeBongo
• dog.gui ,a lightweight, high-performance Java GUI toolkit which can serve as a replacement for the AWT (license: MozillaPublic License)
• SWANK,a GUI toolkit implemented in Java, to be used with Jacl, a Tcl intrepreterin Java (BSD-style license)
• JAPI, a non-OO, procedural toolkit built on top of AWT, and accessible from Pascal, C and Fortran, for Windows and Unix
• Epeios,  for Unix and Windows, GPLed.
• SWT, The Standard Widget Toolkit, part of Eclipse project, for Windows, Mac, QNX and Unix (Motif, gtk and Qt) (CPL license)
• Buoy, a "transparent wrapper" around Swing
• XUI, a toolkit for building Java applications with Java and XML, release under an MPL like license.
• java-gnome, GNOME Java binding (LGPL)
  
• QtJava, Qt Java binding (GPL)
  
• wx4J, wxWidgets Java binding (BSD-style license)
  

Ada

• GtkAda , Ada binding for gtk+,for X11 and Windows ( GPLed plus exceptions )
• X11Ada ,X11 and Motif bindings forAda
• VisualAda Developer, RAD environment for Ada
• GWindows , GUI framework for Ada on Windows  (GPL/LGPLplus exceptions )
• Windex, Ada wrapper for the Win32 API ( GPLplus exceptions)
• JEWL, Simple GUI framework for rapid development of GUI programs ( GPL)
• Claw, Ada framework for the Windows  API, demo version
• JAPI,binding for Java AWT (LGPLed)

• RAPID, Rapid Ada Portable Interface Design tool,. generates Ada code using a platform independent GUI library. (Current implementations utilize the TASHbinding to Tcl/Tk, the GNAT to JVM compiler, the Microsoft .NET framework, or GtkAd)

BASIC

• wxBasic, a BASIC interpreter with bindings for WxWidfgets (LGPLed)
• JAPI,binding for Java AWT (LGPLed)

LISP

• Garnet, GUI development environment for Common Lisp. No longer supported.
• XIT
• Winterp, a  rapid development tool for GUI applications with a small object-orientedLISP interpreter ( XLisp-Plus) (BSD-stylelicense)
• Newlisp includes Tk binding (GPLed)

Tcl

• Tk,the standard widget set for Tcl, for X11, MS Windows, and MacOS.
• itcl ([incrTcl]), with itk ([incrTk]) and [ incr Widgets] ,object-oriented extension to the Tcl language and associated mega-widgetset and GUI framework.
• BLT extensionto the Tk toolkit.
• Tix, the Tk InterfaceExtension.
• TclMotif, Motif binding for Tcl.
• BWidgets ,"a professional look&feel Toolkit.  Everything is native so noplatform compilation, no compiled extension library needed. In Pure Tcl/Tk.For Unix, Windows and Mac."  ( LGPLed)
• Tcl-gtk , gtk+ binding for Tcl
• PicoGUI

Pascal

• EFLIB, "extended function library"
• Free Pascal's gtk+bindings
• BlackBox Component Framework, successor to Oberon/F, using Component Pascal, for Win32 and Mac ( free for education use only)
• WOL, Framework for windowed programming under Windows and Linux (GTK) with Free Pascal. (GPLed)
• JAPI,binding for Java AWT (LGPLed)
• Lazarus, (LCL or Lazarus Class Libraries) the class libraries for Free Pascal that emulate Delphi, currently built on top og gtk+ (LGPLed)

Modula 2

• Dialog Machine and RAMSES (Research Aids for Modeling and Simulation of Environment Systems) "providesthe basis for highly portable programming of interactive applications,since it makes a minimum of assumptions on the properties of the underlyingoperating system and the hardware", available for MacOS, Atari ST (GEM),PC (GEM, MS Windows, Windows NT) and Unix (SUN and IBM RISC). RAMSES is Mac only. Both no cost freeware.

Perl

• XForms4Perl ,XFormsperl binding.
• pTk,perl/Tk, tkPerl, Tk binding for Perl.
• PerlQt, perl bindings for Qt . (LGPLed)
• Perl bindings for gtk+
• plFLTK , Perl bindingsfor Fltk (LGPLed) (discounted)
  
• FLTK.pm, Perl bindings for Fltk version 2
  
• wxperl,WxWidfgets Perl binding
• Prima, "an extensible Perl toolkit for multi-platform GUI development. Supported platforms include Linux, Windows NT/9x/2K, OS/2, and UNIX/X11 workstations" (BSDed)
• PicoGUI

Python

• Tkinter, Tk-based GUI toolkit for Python, part of standard of Python distribution. Tk-based Additions, bindings under Pythin:
  • Pmw (Python MegaWidgets) (also extra contributions)
  • TIDE (Tix)
• Rivet,Tk binding for Python
• wxPython , WxWidfgets Python binding
• vkApp,a Python GUI application framework, and PythonX Extension, Python interface to X11 and Motif.
• WPY, a MFC-based GUI class library for Python, for MS Win95/NT and Unix/X11 using Tk.
• Python-Gtk andpygtk (gnome-python) ,Python bindings for gtk+andGNOME
• pyFLTK , Python bindingfor Fltk  (LGPLed)
• FXPy, Python binding for FOX (LGPLed)
• Python X Library, X11 client-side API implemented purely in Python (GPLed)
• PicoGUI
• pyQT, Qt binding for Pytbon
• PyKDE,Python bindings for KDE
• pygame, SDL binding
• Jython provides access to Java GUI facilities
• JTKinter, port of tk to Jython
• JPI Java Python Interface (project dead)

Javascript

• Vexi written in Java, Vexi applications are written in a combination of XML and JavaScript  (core GPLed, widgets LGPLed)
  

Scheme (including Guile)

• MrED,a WxWindows -based toolkit for scheme, for X11,MS Win95/NT, and MacOS
• STk,a scheme interpreter with access to Tk
• guile-gtk,Guile bindings for gtk+ (GPLed)
• guile-fltk, Guile binding for Fltk (LGPLed)

Oberon

• Visual Oberon, a collection of GUI classes for Oberon-2, for X11 ( GPLed).

Smalltalk

• Squeak, an advanced SmallTalk environment (including GUI support natively) (license)

Prolog

• XPCE (GPLed ), for SWI-Prolog

S-Lang

• slgtk, S-lang binding for gtk+

Pike

• PiGTK,Pike's gtk+ and GNOME bindings (GPLed)

Lua

• lua-gtk and lua-gnome , Lua's gtk+ and GNOME  bindings
• lua-FLTK, Lua FLTK binding
• wxLua, WxWindows binding for Lua
• tkLua, tk binding
• IUP (Portable User Interface), a highly portable toolkit for Lua and C, for Windows and X11/Motif.

Others

• CoderForm, a presentation and layout manager for .NET desktop applications, allowing creating the GUI from any .Net language
  

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Commercial Toolkits

C/C++ oriented

Name	Comments	Unix X11	Unix X11Motif	MS Win 95/98	MS Win NT/2000/ XP/Vista	MS Win 3.1	OS/2 PM	MacOS	NextSTEPOpenSTEP MacOS X	Amiga
MFC	Microsoft Foundation Class library. probably themost dominant toolkit today	y (3rd party,MainWin)	y (3rd party,Bristol)	y	y	y		y (add-on)
OWL	Borland Object Windows Library. once the king before MFC comes... ( OWL resources )			y	y	y	?	?
VCL	Visual Component Library, Borland/Inprise's curent-generation GUI class library			y	y
CLX	(Component Library for Cross-platform) Cross-platform library for Delphi , Kylix and CBuilder - Based on topof Qt, works on Win32 and GNU/Linux (x86)	y		y	y
ClassAct										y
CPLAT	a C++ framework for Mac and Windows	y		y	y	y(?)		y
CroPL	a C++ application framework and utility library for single-source Mac/Windows applications			y	y			y	y
Framework	rich DOS-based business application development environment, orginated from Ashton-Tate's Framework product, with FRED. Object-Function-Based, Text-Aware, rapid application development Language
Galaxy	well established, cross-platform framework   ( companyout of business)		y	y	y	y	y	y
ILOGViews	well established, cross-platform framework. commercialproduct with capabilities similar to Interviews	y	y	y	y	y	y
JX	a full-featured C++ application framework and widget library (SDK) for use with the X Window System	y
Latitude (product dropped?)	MacOS API on Unix and Mac OS X (OpenStep)	y						native	y
MacAPP	Apple 's Mac framework, probably the first widely available GUI framework.   No longer supported by Apple but third party development at www.clubmacapp.com			y (unfinished)	y (unfinished)			y	y
MainWin/XDE	MS Win API on X11.	y		native	native	native
MUI	"Magic User Interface", popular in Amigacommunity									y
NoWait	a shareware GUI Application framework.			y	y	y	y
ObjectViews(product dropped?)	commercial version of Interviews, OpenLook or Motif look and feel, switchable on the fly	y		unfinished	unfinished
OpenClass	from IBM/Taligentfor IBM VisualAge for C++, also supports OS/400		y (AIX and Sun Solaris only)	y	y		y
Presenter (OpenInterface Element)	full-featured, strong international language support, high performance GUI, rich widget set, supported worldwide	y	y	y	y	y		y
OpenStep (Cocoa)	Apple's application API for developing Mac OS X applicationsworking on different platforms			y (?)	y (?)		y (?)		native
OpenUI	really a User Interface Management System		y	y	y	y	y	y
PowerPlant	included with Metrowerk's Mac OS compilers.			y	y			y
Qt	an advanced, high quality toolkit. free/open source license available..Version 3 released.	y		y	y	y		see Mac OS X	y
SansGUI	An object-oriented modeling and simulation environment for  developing and deploying scientific and engineering  applications  without writing any GUI code. Support Visual C++ and Compaq Visual Fortran.			y	y
SL-GMS	specialized framework for dynamic graphics for monitoringand control Systems, can integrate with other "native" frameworks		y	y	y	?
StarView	no longer available?  (see OpenOffice)	?	?	?	?	?	?	?
Think Class Library	An early commercial GUI framework for Mac							y
ViewKit ( SGI,ICS)	C++ framework for Motif		y	y	y
ViewTouch	"open framework source for rapid development of opennetwork computing applications" such as touchscreen	y (withlesstif )	y
WindU	MS Win API on Motif, with MFCsupport		y	native	native	native
WM_Motif	MS Win API on Motif		y	native	native	native
WNDX			y	y	y	y		y
X Designer	really a GUI builder. Unix version includes partial MFCi mplementation on Motif		y
XVT	well established, cross-platform framework		y	y	y	y	y	y	y
zAPP	well established, cross-platform framework.No longer available.		?	?	?	?	?
Zinc	well established, cross-platform framework. supports24 platforms (including MS DOS and Unix text mode)freely available for  non-embedded use		y	y	y	y	y

Java Oriented

• Sun/ Javasoft's AWT
• Sun/ Javasoft's IFC and JFC (Swing) withvariable look
• Microsoft'sAFC
• Borland/Inprise 's JBCL(JavaBeans Component Library) (part of JBuilder)
• Xelfi Technologies 's Xelfi(30 day free evaluation, low cost registration required for longer use)
• Visix's Vibe Foundation Classes (powerful GUI framework ispart of a complete Java development system Vibe) ( company out of business)
• SL-GMS , a framework for providing dynamic graphics in Pure Java applications
• UITools, "a toolkit for building graphical user interfaces (GUI) for simulation programs,"  like these tasks commonly done with MatLab and FORTRAN.
• Bambookit, XML-based User Interface, Java-based thin client platform that can be accessed anywhere, with any browser

C#

• WinForm, the standard C# GUI class library/framework.

Ada

• CLAW,Ada framework  for Windows 95/NT
• ObjectAda, Ada compiler/development environment, including GUI bindings for Windows,X/Motif

Fortran

• Winteracter, a modern GUI toolset for the Fortran 90/95 programming language, for Windows and Linux
  

LISP

• Common Lisp Interface Manager
• XPCE

Pascal (including Delphi)

• VCL(Visual Component Library), the GUI foundation for Inprise/Borland'spopular RAD tool Delphi, forWin 3.1/95/98/NT, "object-oriented component framework delivers the only truecomponent architecture with over 200 visual and non-visual components thatare completely reusable and extendable"

• CLX, Cross-platform library for Delphi , Kylix and CBuilder - Based on top of Qt, works on Win32 and GNU.Linux (x86)

• O2, OO framework for Delphi, including user interface layer

Fortran

• SancsGUI, for Compaq Visual Fortran, An object-oriented modeling and simulation environment for developing and deploying scientific and engineering applications without writing any GUI code. For 32-bit Windows.

Misc

• XPCE, GUI system for Prolog, Lisp and C++.
• MetaCard, a Hypercard-typescript language with integrated GUI library, for Unix/X11 and MS Win 3.1/95/NT.

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Related Links

Other GUI Toolkit Pages

• the FSU Toolkit Page
• BradMyers'sUser Interface Software Tools page
• Steve Baum's GUIpage
• Laura Michaels'sPortableScreen Library Resources page
• The Platform Independent GUI FAQ
• Karim Ratib's" http://www2.iro.umontreal.ca/~ratib/code/gui.htm#gui"
• Scientific applicationson Linux's X11 Libraries & Toolkits page
• SunWorld 'soverview of GUI toolkits by Cameron Laird and Kathryn Soraiz.
• Themes.org , a web site dedicatedto GUI themes (variable look and feel)

X Windows/Motif

• MW3: Motif on the WorldWide Web: a monster list of Motif and X Window-related resources, includingGUI libraries and tools. Now motifdeveloper.com
• Kenton Lee's TechnicalX Window System and OSF/Motif WWW Sites: another rich list of X Window/Motifresources.
• 
  

Alternative Windowing Systems

• Fresco (Berlin), an attempt to provide an alternative to X Windows.Also listed as a free GUI toolkit
• MiniGUI, small windowing system for embedded applications
• Microwindows (NanoGUI), small windowing system for embedded applications, for DOS, MS Windows, Unix, Linux SVGAlib, Linux kernel framebuffer (MPLed/GPLed)
• DirectFB,  a thin library that provides hardware graphics acceleration, input device handling and abstraction, integrated windowing system with support for translucent windows and multiple display layers on top of the Linux Framebuffer Device. (LGPLed)
• PicoGUI
• Y Widnow System

Papers on GUI

• "GUI Fragmentation is the Greatest Weakness of Unix",  arguing for good GUIstandards for Unix systems in responce to attacks by Microsoft Windows.

Drag and Drop protocols

• XDND,a new drag and drop protocol for X Windows  supported by Fox, Jx, Qtand gtk.

---

Commercial Java Systems

• Vibe, a complete Java deployment system including tools fromcompiler to custom virtual machine. ( company out of business)

---

Organizations for Free Software

• Free Software Foundation
• Linux International
• Software in the Public Interest (Debian GNU/Linux) 
• X.org Foundation, the revitalized organization, successor to the orginal  X Consortium,  maintaining the X Window System.
• Free Standards Group, the organization responsible for setting standards in Free OSes.  parent of the Linux Standards Base
  
• The XFree86 Project, Inc. Producer of the XFree86 , the X Windowserver for PC based UNIX and UNIX-like systems, role generally replaced by X.org
• The Open Source Initiative, organization for promoting the "Open Source" concept
• OpenOffice Foundation , the organization managing the OpenOffice project
• GNOME Foundation , the organization for GNOME
• KDE League, for the KDE project.

Important Free Software Projects

• GNU
  • gcc ,  The GNU Compiler Collection, formerly the GNU C/C++ compiler
    • egcs, formly the experimentalgcc project, now the official gcc
    • gcj, the GNU Java compiler
  • GNUStep , OpenStep clone
    • Display Ghostscript
• Linux , alsoknown as GNU/Linux ,GPLed Unix clone
• XFree86
• Netscape Communicator and Netscape Navigator (Mozilla), the once most popular web browser in the world, becomes free software on March 31, 1998.
• Arena,the free browser formally developed by the World Wide Web Consortium, now supported by Yggdrasil.
• Amaya , the free browser/editordeveloped by the World Wide Web Consortium
• FreeBSD , BSD-derivedfree Unix
• OpenBSD , BSD-derivedfree Unix
• NetBSD , BSD-derivedfree Unix
• OpenOffice , formerly StarOffice, now the free software office suite project support by Sun and in association with GNOME as the GNOME Office.
• Eclipse, Java-based open extensible IDE.

Free Object-oriented Componet Software Framework

• OpenDoc,the famous Apple/ IBM invention, maybe someday free software. (C++ API)
• OpenParts,KDE's component framework with ideas from OpenDoc
• Bonobo, GNOME's component framework

Free Java Systems/Compilers

• JDK(Java Development Kit), from Sun / Javasoft.( Linux version )(SGI version)
• Kaffe , a Java virtual machine from TransVirtual ,and just-in-time compiler, works on most Unix's, MS Win 95, NextStep and Amiga (GPLed).
• Japhar , a free JVM from the Hungry Programmers ,the offical GNU Java VM (LGPLed).
• Guavac, a GPLed Java source-to-bytecode compiler written in C++.
• Jikes, a Java source-to-bytecode compiler, faster Javac replacement
• Jump, a Java source-to-bytecode compiler with non-standard Java language extension,10 to 30 times faster than Javac
• j2c, a Java class file-to-C translator
• Toba, a Java class file-to-C translator, for standalone applications (not applets).
• gcj, the GNU Java compiler 

Free C# Systems/Compilers

• Mono, an effort to create an Open Source implementation of the .NET Development Framework. Includes: a compiler for the C# language, a runtime for the Common Language Infrastructure and a set of class libraries  (GPLed plus exceptions for linking)
• DotGNU, including Portable.NET, an effort to create an alternative to Microsoft .NET, including C# compiler and run-time libraries. (GPLed plus exceptions for linking)

Library Binding Generation Tool

• SWIG (Simplified Warpper and Interface Generator), "a program development tooldesigned to make it easy to build scripting language interfaces to C/C++ programs."

GUI Toolkit Implementation Utility Libraries

• libsigc++,"a library implements a full callback system for use in widget libraries,abstract  interfaces, and general programming."  (LGPLed)

Graphical Desktop Environments

• CDE, Common Desktop Environment, the commercially standard Unix desktop
• KDE , the K(ool) Desktop Environment, based on Qt.
• GNOME, GNU Network Object Model Environment, based on gtk .
• XFCE , a lightweight desktopenvironment for various UNIX systems, based on gtk
• GNUStep , the free softwareimplementation of the OpenStep desktop environment
• FLEK, an application framework "environment" based on Fltk
• Equinox Desktop Environment, based on Fltk
  

Others

• Mesa, a 3D graphics library providing an Open GL API, licensed under BSD (X11)-style license and now part of XFree86
• GLUT,the OpenGL Utility Toolkit, a window system independent toolkit for writingOpenGL programs
• vtk , The VisualizationToolkit (C++ API) ( license)
• GIMP , the GNU Image Manipulation Program, a Photoshop-style painting program, licensedunder GPL.
• FilmGIMP, a fork of GIMP for movie editing.
• ImageMagick, a set of powerful image manipulation/processing programs. Functions availableto other programs via a rich API.(BSD-stylelicense)
• libart (alt site), GNOME/RaphLevien's advanced 2D graphics library (LGPLed)
• Zodius, a C++, easy-to-use 2D graphics library (BSD-style license)

• Cario, a LGPLed/MPLed  "vector graphics library designed to provide high-quality display and print output. Currently available output targets include the X Window System, OpenGL (via glitz), Quartz, win32, in-memory image buffers, PNG images, PostScript, and PDF files. Some of these backends are still experimental. Cairo is designed to produce identical output on all output media while taking advantage of display hardware acceleration when available (eg. through the X Render Extension or OpenGL)." Possibly the standard 2D graphic API on free OSes.
  

• AGG (Anti-grain geometry, a powerful C++-based advanced 2d graphics rendering library   (BSD-style license)
  
• SDL (SimpleDirectMedia Layer) library, providing direct video framebuffer accessfor fast rendering, supports Linux, Win95/98/NT/2000, BeOS, MacOS, Solaris,IRIX, and FreeBSD. ( LGPLed) 
• OpenGL (Sample Implementation), now free software. 
• OpenInventor , advanced object-oriented 3D graphics framework, now free software. offering a comprehensive solution to interactive graphics programming problems. It presents a programming model based on a 3D scene database that dramatically simplifies graphics programming.  (LGPLed)
• SATIN and Quill, Java-based gesture toolkit that allow ink gesture inputs to drive GUIs (BSD licensed)
  
   
• A list of Drawing and Design Programs 
   

Companies developing/supporting FreeSoftware

• Cygnus Solutions
• RedHat
• Transvirtual
• Vectaport
• Yggdrasil

Other Free Software websites

• free-soft.org , aweb site providing general Free Software/Open Source information
• The Free Software Bazaar
• advogato.org , general discussion site for free software developers

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If you think anything is incorrect orwant to provide more information for inclusion in this page, please contact(via e-mail)

Andy Tai

Copyright 

© Copyright 1997-2003, 2005, 2007 AD ( ROC Years 86-92, 94, 96), by Li-Cheng (Andy) Tai, All rights reserved. 

Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.

All trademarks are the property of their respective owners.

page created Apr 19, 1997 (86)

 

 

 

 

 

 

    有几个小伙伴看完啦？ 看完的老板会多发年终奖哟^_^ 

    由于这里不仅介绍了C++，还介绍了其他语言，那我们就挑少的先讲吧。

 

    其中C#的库是最少的，只有Mono和DotGNU两个，而其中的Mono就是逆天了的跨平台C#库啦，很多人感慨如果C#这么方便的语言可以在linux上用就爽歪歪啦，这不，Mono不仅可以在linux PC机上运行，还可以在Android上运行，谁说微软不跨平台了！

    Alberl之前只是听说.NET拖拖控件就可以做出很漂亮的界面，结果发现连直线、圆形都可以直接拖上去，没想到有这么方便！ 在向8年.NET经验的同事请教了之后，发现.NET简直完爆VC++的那一系列界面（如MFC、WTL），MFC要好多个步骤才能搞定布局、自适应窗口大小、改变背景色、控件透明等等，但是在.NET上都是动动鼠标、右键完事。哎，说真的，搞得Alberl当时都惊呆了！！！ 

    如果只是开发普通样式的界面，真的不用考虑MFC了！ 不过话说回来，如果要开发出QQ、金山那样的界面，.NET也是需要做很多事情的，虽然只要花时间就可以完成（而MFC是花时间也不一定能完成的，还需要有比较高的水平），但如果VC++用上开源界面库的话，就比.NET要爽很多啦~

 

    这几个脚本语言也有人去折腾界面，其中wxPython还被标记成【good】，可见也是做得很不错的。

 

    Java的界面库也有十多款，其中SWT被标记成【good】，介绍说是标准的工具，Eclipse的一部分。（Alberl对GWT比较眼熟，可能是记错了）

 

    小伙伴们会发现有很多SDL字样，那么SDL是何物呢？ 还记得第一篇教程吗？ 那个ffmpeg播放视频就是用的SDL。 SDL在多媒体和游戏领域可是非常出名的哦。VLC的播放也可以用SDL哦~

 

    可以看到，C#和Java的界面库很少，而C++的多到看不完，难道是C++很强大？ 错，同一类型的开源库越多，就说明这个方向越弱。而C#和Java的界面库之所以这么少，是因为他们的界面库已经能满足目前绝大部分需求了，无需其他界面库了。而C++却一直没有一个好点的界面库，所以总是有大牛觉得其他界面库不好用，于是就有了各种各样的界面库，并且十多年过去了，还没有定论，哪一种界面库都没能一统天下。

    不过C++的界面库是分linux和Windows的，两个平台的形势大不一样。

    linux下面就简单多了，由于其应用大部分都没有界面的，有界面的要求也不是很高，所以现有的开源库已经能够满足需求了，而在上述这么多开源库中，只有QT被标记为【Best】，可见QT是非常被认可的。而linux下就以QT最为权威了，而WxWidgets、GTK、GTK+、Fltk也比较著名，linux嵌入式下miniGUI最为著名（终于看到中国人的开源项目被世界认可了^_^），其他的很多界面库就不提了，总之，linux下面，有这些界面库已经够用了。

    那么windows下的形势就完全不同啦，不仅开源库很多，而且商业库也很多，其中不仅有大公司的商业库，也有很多小公司的商业库，竞争非常激烈，不过微软是其中的巨头！上述列表中提到的OWL、VCL、CLX都是Delphi里面的，Delphi已经被淘汰了。而MFC被列在第一位，其他商业库基本没听说过，可见MFC是唯一的知名商业库，已经打败了其他商业库一统天下了。

    而其中并没有列出win32，可以说把win32和MFC混为一谈也没什么不可以。既然混为一谈的话，那么也就是说这些东西都是建立在win32的基础上，那么刚刚说的小公司的商业库就不能说是界面库的竞争者了，而Alberl说的这些小公司指的是国内所谓DirectUI的公司，从上述列表来看，都是以平台来做比较的，而那些DirectUI公司都没有自己的平台，都是建立在win32的基础上，所以根本都没资格排到这里来。所以这些DirectUI公司，其实可以和BCG、XTP这些公司并为一列，那就是说他们不是平台，而是建立在win32这个平台上的一堆库而已。

    BCG、XTP都称自己是控件库公司，建立在win32或者MFC之上；而天朝公司一向喜欢故弄玄虚，炒作概念，号称是一个界面平台，搞得好像他们有自己的平台一样，其实他们还是建立在win32的平台上，还是要靠微软，还是windows编程。而所谓的适用于多种编程语言，并不是他们的库有多么NB，因为只要是标准的dll，就可以被任何支持dll的语言调用，但在他们的宣传中，让人感觉就是：好像dll本身不能被多种语言调用一样，好像是被他们改进之后才有这个功能一样o(╯□╰)o。

    好吧，商业公司中当然是BCG、XTP最为著名啦，他们都是建立在win32或者MFC之上，作为一个辅助而已。

    虽然上面列举了上百款开源库，并且很多都是跨平台的，但除了QT在windows上闯出了名气以外，其他几个还是只能在linux称王。不得不说微软的产品线做的非常完善，不然早就被linux那一堆跨平台打垮了。也不得不说windows的占有率非常之高，导致很多公司只做windows平台，压根不需考虑linux，所以那些所谓的跨平台对很多公司真的是一点吸引力都没有！（智能手机大量流行之后除外，也就是2011年之后）

    其实呢，这些界面库在国外应该是够用啦，看看国外那些杀毒软件，在国内比起来简直是土鳖界面，但在国外却是比较好看的界面。像MSN、GTalk、Skype，界面也是一般般啦，用用MFC、自绘控件、商业库（BCG、XTP），也是很容易做出来的。不过MSN是DirectUI，国内火爆的炒作DirectUI也提到了MSN，其实微软技术这么牛，平台都是自己做的，技术根本就不是问题啦，所以微软的某个东西用的什么技术成功了，不代表我们就能成功，我们能和微软去比么...  那说说GTalk、Skype吧，不过Alberl没安装过着两款应用，所以无从说起，还请网友们提供测评信息~O(∩_∩)O~ 

    那再说说火狐系列吧，从火狐浏览器、Thunderbird等一系列火狐产品，都是用的自主开发的XUL，并且效果都不错！ 那我们也去用XUL？ 不过Alberl也不知道有没有其他公司用XUL，还请网友们提供信息。并且XUL是人家自己开发的，有问题了随时可以解决。咱们要是出了问题，找谁解决，去哪找资料？

    看来windows下的界面库还真是windows一统天下了，还真得靠win32提供的消息机制了。不过好消息还是有的，即使要靠win32平台，也有很多不错的界面库。并且还有更多的不靠win32平台的开源库。由于本节只是介绍C++ Native界面库，所以Web界面库以及依赖win32的界面库将在下一个教程中介绍~O(∩_∩)O~

    需要提醒的是，Alberl并没有一一去对比上面列举的上百款界面库，只是挑了一些著名的库做介绍，并且介绍也都是道听途说的，没有亲自验证，还请各位网友对Alberl的介绍持怀疑态度，如果有哪位网友对其中的界面库有过深入的了解，希望能提供一些信息。

    最后感叹一下：哎，怎么老外动不动就自己开发框架呀，怎么咱们动不动就到处找别人的框架呀o(╯□╰)o