安装Python和Django，我这里使用的是Python 2.7.11 和Django 1.9.8。

安装完之后就可以开始啦！

开启新的项目

$ django-admin startproject blogsite(网站工程名称)

成功以后生成项目文件夹，结构如下

blogsite /
manage.py
blogsite /
__init__.py
settings.py
urls.py
wsgi.py

此时运行服务器

$ python manage.py runserver

在控制台看到如下信息

Performing system checks...

System check identified no issues (0silenced).

You have unapplied migrations; your app maynot work properly until they are applied.

Run `python manage.py migrate' to applythem.

July 25, 2016 - 15:50:53

Django version 1.9, using settings ` blogsite.settings'

Starting development server athttp://127.0.0.1:8000/

Quit the server with CONTROL-C.

此时打开浏览器，输入http://127.0.0.1:8000/，你将看到这样的信息

你也可以修改/blogsite/setting.py来更改语言和时区

LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-hans'

TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai'

再运行一遍服务器，刷新一下页面

然后我们创建一个app

$ python manage.py startapp blog

创建了一个文件夹blog，其内部结构如下

polls/

__init__.py

admin.py

apps.py

migrations/

__init__.py

models.py

tests.py

views.py

 

注册app

/blogsite/setting.py

# Application definitionINSTALLED_APPS = ['blog.apps.BlogConfig',
……
]
……

二、模型的搭建

根据你设计的类来修改

/blog/models.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from __future__ import unicode_literalsfrom django.db import models
from django.utils.encoding import python_2_unicode_compatible
# Create your models here.@python_2_unicode_compatible		#如果要求python2支持utf-8则需要加上此句
class Category(models.Model):name = models.CharField(u'名称', max_length = 20)def __str__(self):return self.name;@python_2_unicode_compatible
class Tag(models.Model):name = models.CharField(u'名称', max_length = 20)def __str__(self):return self.name;@python_2_unicode_compatible
class Article(models.Model):title = models.CharField(u'标题',max_length = 150)body = models.TextField(u'正文')date = models.DateTimeField(u'发布时间')category = models.ForeignKey(Category, verbose_name=u'分类')tags = models.ManyToManyField(Tag, verbose_name = u'标签', blank=True)# models.ForeignKey表示一个Article有一个Category# models.ManyToManyField表示一个Article有多个Tag，blank=True表示可以为空def __str__(self):return self.title

写完之后要向数据库中注册，这里我们使用python自带的SQLite

先创建一个migration

$ python manage.py makemigrations blog

控制台显示如下，并创建一个名为0001_initial.py的python文件

  0001_initial.py:
- Create model Article
- Create model Category
- Create model Tag
- Add field category to article
- Add field tags to article

然后写入数据库

$ python manage.py sqlmigrate blog 0001

控制台显示如下：

BEGIN;

--

-- Create model Article

--

CREATE TABLE "blog_article"("id" integer NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT, "title"varchar(150) NOT NULL, "body" text NOT NULL, "date"datetime NOT NULL);

--

-- Create model Category

--

CREATE TABLE "blog_category"("id" integer NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT, "name"varchar(20) NOT NULL);

--

-- Create model Tag

--

CREATE TABLE "blog_tag"("id" integer NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT, "name"varchar(20) NOT NULL);

--

-- Add field category to article

--

ALTER TABLE "blog_article" RENAMETO "blog_article__old";

CREATE TABLE "blog_article"("id" integer NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT, "title"varchar(150) NOT NULL, "body" text NOT NULL, "date"datetime NOT NULL, "category_id" integer NOT NULL REFERENCES"blog_category" ("id"));

INSERT INTO "blog_article"("body", "date", "category_id", "id","title") SELECT "body", "date", NULL,"id", "title" FROM "blog_article__old";

DROP TABLE "blog_article__old";

CREATE INDEX"blog_article_b583a629" ON "blog_article"("category_id");

--

-- Add field tags to article

--

CREATE TABLE "blog_article_tags"("id" integer NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,"article_id" integer NOT NULL REFERENCES "blog_article"("id"), "tag_id" integer NOT NULL REFERENCES"blog_tag" ("id"));

CREATE UNIQUE INDEX"blog_article_tags_article_id_b78a22e9_uniq" ON "blog_article_tags"("article_id", "tag_id");

CREATE INDEX"blog_article_tags_a00c1b00" ON "blog_article_tags"("article_id");

CREATE INDEX"blog_article_tags_76f094bc" ON "blog_article_tags"("tag_id");

 

COMMIT;

 

最后应用migration

$ python manage.py migrate

 

控制台显示如下：

Operations to perform:

 Apply all migrations: admin, blog, contenttypes, auth, sessions

Running migrations:

 Rendering model states... DONE

 Applying contenttypes.0001_initial... OK

 Applying auth.0001_initial... OK

 Applying admin.0001_initial... OK

 Applying admin.0002_logentry_remove_auto_add... OK

 Applying contenttypes.0002_remove_content_type_name... OK

 Applying auth.0002_alter_permission_name_max_length... OK

 Applying auth.0003_alter_user_email_max_length... OK

 Applying auth.0004_alter_user_username_opts... OK

 Applying auth.0005_alter_user_last_login_null... OK

 Applying auth.0006_require_contenttypes_0002... OK

 Applying auth.0007_alter_validators_add_error_messages... OK

 Applying blog.0001_initial... OK

 Applying sessions.0001_initial... OK

 

我们需要一个管理员用户来管理网站上的内容：

$ python manage.py createsuperuser

 

Username: admin

Email address: admin@example.com

Password: **********

Password (again): *********

Superuser created successfully.

 

之后我们重启服务器，在浏览器上输入http://127.0.0.1:8000/admin/

输入之前创建管理账户的用户名和密码登陆，登陆后看到如下

什么？没有看到自己写的模型?那是因为没有在admin.py上注册

 

/blog/admin.py

from django.contrib import admin
from .models import Article,Category,Tag# Register your models here.class ArticlePostAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):list_display = ('title','date','category')		#list_display决定了视图的格式#向管理界面注册模型
admin.site.register(Article,ArticlePostAdmin)
admin.site.register(Category)
admin.site.register(Tag)

保存刷新，就看到你自己写的模型了

模型已经建好了，接下来就是定义url、视图和模板了

我们先介绍一下url函数

url(regex,view,name,kwargs)

regex:正则表达式

view:地址满足该正则表达式时调用的视图函数

name(非必需):可以通过name来反向获取URL

kwargs(非必需): 一个字典类型的参数

 

我们先修改工程下的 /urls.py

 

/blogsite/urls.py

"""blogsite URL ConfigurationThe `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.9/topics/http/urls/
Examples:
Function views1. Add an import:  from my_app import views2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  url(r'^$', views.home, name='home')
Class-based views1. Add an import:  from other_app.views import Home2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  url(r'^$', Home.as_view(), name='home')
Including another URLconf1. Import the include() function: from django.conf.urls import url, include2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  url(r'^blog/', include('blog.urls'))
"""
from django.conf.urls import url,include
from django.contrib import adminurlpatterns = [#include函数：包含 /blog/urls.py 文件的urlpatternsurl(r'^$',include('blog.urls')),		#直接跳转至博客目录url(r'^blog/',include('blog.urls')),url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
]

再前往/blog 目录下新建urls,py文件

/blog/urls.py

from django.conf.urls import urlfrom . import viewsurlpatterns = [url(r'^$',views.index,name='index'),	#/或/blog时调用views.index函数，加载主页url(r'^(?P<article_id>[0-9]+)/',views.article,name='article'),	#/blog/数字：调用views.article函数，加载博文url(r'^cat=(?P<category_id>[0-9]+)',views.category,name = 'category')	#/blog/cat=数字:调用views.category
]

之后编写views.py文件，实现刚才提到的函数

/blog/views.py

from django.core.urlresolvers import reverse
from django.http import Http404, HttpResponseRedirect, HttpResponse
from django.shortcuts import render, get_object_or_404
from django.template import loader
from .models import Article,Category,Tag# Create your views here.def index(request):latest_articles_list = Article.objects.order_by('-date')	#将文章按照时间顺序生成列表category_list = Category.objects.order_by('-name')	#将分类按照名称顺序生成列表template = loader.get_template('blogs/index.html')	#获取模板html文件，该文件将在之后编写context = {'latest_articles_list' : latest_articles_list,'category_list' : category_list,}	#传给模板html的后台数据return render(request,'blogs/index.html',context)def article(request,article_id):try:article = Article.objects.get(pk=article_id)	#按编号查询文章except Article.DoesNotExist:		#如果找不到则抛出异常处理raise Http404("Article does not exist")return render(request, 'blogs/article.html', {'article': article})def category(request,category_id):cur_cat = Category.objects.get(pk = category_id)articles = Article.objects.filter(category = cur_cat)	#找到一个或多个该分类下的文章，因为可能是多个文章所以应该用filter函数return render(request, 'blogs/category.html', {'articles': articles})

好了，现在我们要在/blog下创建一个templates文件夹，在templates文件夹下再建一个blogs文件夹用于存放模板html文件。

 

模板格式：

{% 表示逻辑的语句 %}

{{ 变量 }}

{# 注释 #}

 

创建3个模板html文件（随手写了3个用作示范，后期前端代码应该重写）：

1、/blog/templates/blogs/index.html

{% if latest_articles_list %}<h1>最近博文</h1><ul>{% for article in latest_articles_list %}<li><a href="/blog/{{article.id}}/">{{article.title}}</a></li>{% endfor %}</ul>
{% else %}	<p>No articles are avaliable</p>
{% endif %}
{% if category_list %}<h1>博文分类</h1><ul>{% for category in category_list %}<li><a href="/blog/cat={{category.id}}/">{{category.name}}</li>{% endfor %}</ul>
{% endif %}

2、/blog/templates/blogs/category.html

{% if articles %}<ul>{% for article in articles %}<li><a href="/blog/{{article.id}}/">{{article.title}}</a></li>{% endfor %}</ul>
{% else %}	<p>No articles are avaliable</p>
{% endif %}

3、/blog/templates/blogs/article.html

<h1>{{article.title}}</h1>
<h2>{{article.date}}</h2>
<p>{{article.body}}</p>
<p>{{article.category.name}}</p>

最终效果如下：

到此一个基本的博客框架就搭起来了，我们可以再添加一些其他功能。我写这个框架的时候参考了这些大神的博客。

1、添加Django评论系统

http://answ.me/post/comment-in-django-part-1/

2、添加富文本编辑器CKEditor

http://python-ning.github.io/2016/04/12/python_django_blog_ckeditor/

3、添加搜索功能：Haystack+Whoosh+Jieba

http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_875a5f5f0102woix.html

http://tenlee2012.github.io/2016/04/21/Django添加全文搜索功能入门/

4、分享功能我使用的是百度一键分享API。

这个框架的源码在这：simple-django-blog

有需要改进的地方请大家赐教。