Python项目《外星人入侵》

这个项目是接触Python一学期以后老师让我们做的项目，当然刚接触，肯定是照着书本写的，期间错误不断，重写了好几次，改了很多，花了大概四天时间吧，本来就啥也不懂，所以比较慢，下面吧源码放在上面，
这是效果图

alien_invasion.py

import pygame
from pygame.sprite import Group
from settings import Settings
from game_stats import GameStats
from scoreboard import Scoreboard
from button import Button
from ship import Ship
import game_functions as gf
def run_game():#初始化游戏并创建一个屏幕对象pygame.init()ai_settings = Settings()screen = pygame.display.set_mode((ai_settings.screen_width,ai_settings.screen_height))pygame.display.set_caption("Alien Invasion")#创建play按钮play_button=Button(ai_settings,screen,"play")#创造一个用于存储游戏统计信息的实例,并创建计分牌stats=GameStats(ai_settings)sb=Scoreboard(ai_settings,screen,stats)ship = Ship(ai_settings,screen)bullets=Group()aliens=Group()#创建外星人群gf.create_fleet(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens)#开始游戏的主循环while True:#监视键盘和鼠标事件gf.check_events(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,play_button,ship,aliens,bullets)if stats.game_active:ship.update()#让最近绘制的屏幕可见gf.update_bullets(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets)gf.update_aliens(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets)gf.update_screen(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets, play_button)
run_game()

game_functions.py

在大型项目中，加新代码前重构既有代码。重构旨在简化既有代码的结构，使其更容易扩展。创建新模块，它将存储大量让游戏《外星人入侵》运行的函数。通过创建模块game_ functions ，可避免alien inasiopy太长，并使其逻辑更容易理解。

import sys
from time import sleep
import pygame
from bullet import Bullet
from alien import Alien
def check_keydown_events(event,ai_settings,screen,ship,bullets):"""响应按键"""if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT :# 向右移动飞船ship.moving_right = Trueelif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT :ship.moving_left = Trueelif event.key==pygame.K_SPACE:fire_bullet(ai_settings,screen,ship,bullets)#创建一颗子弹并将其加入到编组bullets中elif event.key==pygame.K_q:sys.exit()
def check_keyup_events(event,ship):"""响应松开"""if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT :# 向右移动飞船ship.moving_right = Falseelif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT :# 向左移动飞船ship.moving_left = False
def check_events(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,play_button,ship,aliens,bullets):"""相应按键和鼠标事件"""for event in pygame.event.get() :if event.type == pygame.QUIT :sys.exit()elif event.type==pygame.KEYDOWN:check_keydown_events(event,ai_settings,screen,ship,bullets)elif event.type==pygame.KEYUP:check_keyup_events(event,ship)elif event.type==pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:mouse_x,mouse_y=pygame.mouse.get_pos()check_play_button(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,play_button,ship,aliens,bullets,mouse_x,mouse_y)
def check_play_button(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,play_button,ship,aliens,bullets,mouse_x,mouse_y):"""在玩家单击play按钮时开始新游戏"""button_clicked=play_button.rect.collidepoint(mouse_x,mouse_y)if button_clicked and not stats.game_active:#重置游戏设置ai_settings.initialize_dynamic_settings()#隐藏光标pygame.mouse.set_visible(False)#重置游戏统计信息stats.reset_stats()stats.game_active=True#重置计分牌图像sb.prep_score()sb.prep_high_score()sb.prep_level()sb.prep_ships()#清空外星人列表和子弹列表aliens.empty()bullets.empty()#创建一群新的外星人，并让飞船居中create_fleet(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens)ship.center_ship()
def update_screen(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets,play_button):"""更新屏幕并切换到新屏幕上"""#每次循环时都重绘屏幕screen.fill(ai_settings.bg_color)for bullet in bullets.sprites():bullet.draw_bullet()ship.blitme()aliens.draw(screen)#显示得分sb.show_score()#如果游戏处于非活动状态，就绘制play按钮if not stats.game_active:play_button.draw_button()pygame.display.flip()
def update_bullets(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets):"""更新子弹的位置，并删除已消失的子弹"""#更新子弹位置bullets.update()#删除已经消失的子弹for bullet in bullets.copy() :if bullet.rect.bottom <= 0 :bullets.remove(bullet)check_bullet_alien_collisions(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets)def check_bullet_alien_collisions(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets):"""响应子弹和外星人发生碰撞"""#删除发生碰撞的子弹和外星人collisions = pygame.sprite.groupcollide(bullets, aliens, True, True)if collisions:for aliens in collisions.values():stats.score += ai_settings.alien_points*len(aliens)sb.prep_score()check_high_score(stats,sb)if len(aliens) == 0 :# 删除现有的子弹并新建一群外星人bullets.empty()ai_settings.increase_speed()#提高等级stats.level += 1sb.prep_level()create_fleet(ai_settings, screen, ship, aliens)
def fire_bullet(ai_settings,screen,ship,bullets):if len(bullets) < ai_settings.bullets_allowed :new_bullet = Bullet(ai_settings, screen, ship)bullets.add(new_bullet)# 向左移动飞船
def get_number_aliens_x(ai_settings,alien_width):available_space_x = ai_settings.screen_width - 2 * alien_widthnumber_aliens_x = int(available_space_x / (2 * alien_width))return number_aliens_x
def get_number_rows(ai_settings,ship_height,alien_height):"""计算屏幕可容纳多少行外星人"""available_space_y = (ai_settings.screen_height -(3*alien_height)-ship_height)number_rows=int(available_space_y/(2*alien_height))return number_rows
def create_alien(ai_settings,screen,aliens,alien_number,row_number):#创建一个外星人并加入当前行alien = Alien(ai_settings, screen)alien_width = alien.rect.widthalien.x = alien_width + 2 * alien_width * alien_numberalien.rect.x = alien.xalien.rect.y=alien.rect.height+2*alien.rect.height*row_numberaliens.add(alien)
def create_fleet(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens):"""创建外星人"""#创建一个外星人，并计算一行可容纳多少个外星人#外星人间距为外星人宽度alien=Alien(ai_settings,screen)number_aliens_x=get_number_aliens_x(ai_settings,alien.rect.width)number_rows=get_number_rows(ai_settings,ship.rect.height,alien.rect.height)#创建第一行外星人for row_number in range(number_rows):for alien_number in range(number_aliens_x):create_alien(ai_settings,screen,aliens,alien_number,row_number)
def check_fleet_edges(ai_settings,aliens):"""有外星人到达边缘时采取相应的措施"""for alien in aliens.sprites():if alien.check_edges():change_fleet_direction(ai_settings,aliens)break
def change_fleet_direction(ai_settings,aliens):"""将整群外星人下移，并改变它们的方向"""for alien in aliens.sprites():alien.rect.y+=ai_settings.fleet_drop_speedai_settings.fleet_direction *= -1
def ship_hit(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets):"""响应被外星人撞到的飞船"""if stats.ships_left>0:#将ships_left -= 1stats.ships_left -= 1#更新计分牌sb.prep_ships()#清空外星人列表和子弹列表aliens.empty()bullets.empty()#创建一群新的外星人，并将飞船放到屏幕底端中央create_fleet(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens)ship.center_ship()#暂停sleep(0.5)else:stats.game_active=Falsepygame.mouse.set_visible(True)
def update_aliens(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets):"""更新外星人群中所有外星人的位置"""check_fleet_edges(ai_settings,aliens)aliens.update()#检测外星人与飞船之间的碰撞if pygame.sprite.spritecollideany(ship,aliens):ship_hit(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets)check_aliens_bottom(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets)def check_aliens_bottom(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets):"""检查是否有外星人到达了屏幕底端"""screen_rect=screen.get_rect()for alien in aliens.sprites():if alien.rect.bottom >= screen_rect.bottom:#像飞船被撞到一样被处理ship_hit(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets)break
def check_high_score(stats,sb):"""检查是否诞生了新的最高分"""if stats.score > stats.high_score:stats.high_score = stats.scoresb.prep_high_score()

alien.py

负责外星人的大部分

import pygame
from pygame.sprite import Sprite
class Alien(Sprite):"""表示单个外星人类"""def __init__(self,ai_settings,screen):"""初始化外星人并设置其起始位置"""super(Alien, self).__init__()self.screen=screenself.ai_settings=ai_settings#加载外星人图像，并设置其rect属性self.image=pygame.image.load('images/alien.bmp')self.rect=self.image.get_rect()#每个外星人最初都在屏幕左上角附近self.rect.x=self.rect.widthself.rect.y=self.rect.height#存储外星人的准确位置self.x=float(self.rect.x)def blitme(self):"""在指定位置绘制外星人"""self.screen.blit(self.image,self.rect)def check_edges(self):"""如果外星人位于屏幕边缘，就返回True"""screen_rect=self.screen.get_rect()if self.rect.right>=screen_rect.right:return Trueelif self.rect.left<=0:return Truedef update(self):"""向右移动外星人"""self.x += (self.ai_settings.alien_speed_factor *self.ai_settings.fleet_direction)self.rect.x=self.x

bullet.py

负责子弹

import pygame
from pygame.sprite import Sprite
class Bullet(Sprite):"""一个队飞船发射子弹管理的类"""def __init__ (self,ai_settings,screen,ship):"""在飞船所处的位置创建一个子弹对象"""super(Bullet,self).__init__()self.screen=screen#在（0.0）处创建一个表示子弹的矩形，在设置正确的位置self.rect=pygame.Rect(0,0,ai_settings.bullet_width,ai_settings.bullet_height)self.rect.centerx=ship.rect.centerxself.rect.top=ship.rect.top#存储用小数表示的子弹位置self.y=float(self.rect.y)self.color=ai_settings.bullet_colorself.speed_factor=ai_settings.bullet_speed_factordef update(self):"""向上移动子弹"""#更新表示子弹位置的小数值self.y-=self.speed_factor#更新表示子弹的rectde位置self.rect.y=self.ydef draw_bullet(self):"""在屏幕上绘制子弹"""pygame.draw.rect(self.screen,self.color,self.rect)

button.py

负责按钮

import pygame.font
class Button():def __init__(self,ai_settings,screen,msg):"""初始化按钮的属性"""self.screen=screenself.screen_rect=screen.get_rect()#设置按钮的尺寸和其他属性self.width,self.height=200,50self.button_color=(1,220,212)self.text_color=(255,255,255)self.font=pygame.font.SysFont(None,48)#创建按钮的rect对象，并使其居中self.rect=pygame.Rect(0,0,self.width,self.height)self.rect.center=self.screen_rect.center#按钮的标签只需要建一次self.prep_msg(msg)def prep_msg(self,msg):"""将msg渲染成图像，并使按钮居中"""self.msg_image=self.font.render(msg,True,self.text_color,self.button_color)self.msg_image_rect=self.msg_image.get_rect()self.msg_image_rect.center=self.rect.centerdef draw_button(self):#绘制一个用颜色填充的按钮，在绘制文本self.screen.fill(self.button_color,self.rect)self.screen.blit(self.msg_image,self.msg_image_rect)

game_stats.py

统计游戏信息

class GameStats():"""跟踪游戏的统计信息"""def __init__(self,ai_settings):"""初始化统计信息"""self.ai_settings=ai_settingsself.reset_stats()#让游戏一开始处于非活动状态self.game_active=Falseself.high_score=0def reset_stats(self):"""初始化在游戏里运行期间可能变化的统计信息"""self.ships_left=self.ai_settings.ship_limitself.score=0self.level=0

scoreboard.py

得分情况

import pygame.font
from pygame.sprite import Group
from ship import Ship
class Scoreboard():"""现实得分信息的类"""def __init__(self,ai_settings,screen,stats):"""初始化显示得分涉及的属性"""self.screen=screenself.screen_rect=screen.get_rect()self.ai_settings=ai_settingsself.stats=stats#显示得分信息时使用的字体设置self.text_color=(30,30,30)self.font=pygame.font.SysFont(None,48)#准备初始得分图像self.prep_score()self.prep_high_score()self.prep_level()self.prep_ships()def prep_score(self):"""将得分转换为一幅渲染的图像"""rounded_score=int(round(self.stats.score,-1))score_str="{:,}".format(rounded_score)score_str=str(self.stats.score)self.score_image=self.font.render(score_str,True,self.text_color,self.ai_settings.bg_color)#将得分放在屏幕右上角self.score_rect=self.score_image.get_rect()self.score_rect.right=self.screen_rect.right-20self.score_rect.top=20def show_score(self):"""在屏幕上显示得分和最高得分"""self.screen.blit(self.score_image,self.score_rect)self.screen.blit(self.high_score_image,self.high_score_rect)self.screen.blit(self.level_image,self.level_rect)#绘制飞船self.ships.draw(self.screen)def prep_high_score(self):"""将最高得分转换为渲染的图像"""high_score=int(round(self.stats.high_score,-1))high_score_str="{:,}".format(high_score)self.high_score_image=self.font.render(high_score_str,True,self.text_color,self.ai_settings.bg_color)#将最高分放在屏幕顶部中央self.high_score_rect=self.high_score_image.get_rect()self.high_score_rect.centerx=self.screen_rect.centerxself.high_score_rect.top=self.score_rect.topdef prep_level(self):"""将等级转换为渲染的图像"""self.level_image=self.font.render(str(self.stats.level),True,self.text_color,self.ai_settings.bg_color)#将等级放在得分下方self.level_rect =self.level_image.get_rect()self.level_rect.right=self.score_rect.rightself.level_rect.top=self.score_rect.bottom+10def prep_ships(self):"""显示余下多少艘飞船"""self.ships=Group()for ship_number in range(self.stats.ships_left):ship=Ship(self.ai_settings,self.screen)ship.rect.x=10+ship_number*ship.rect.widthship.rect.y=10self.ships.add(ship)

settings.py

每次给游戏添加新功能时，通常也将引入一些新设置。下面来编写一个名为settings 的模块，其中包含一个名为settings 的类，用于将所有设置存储在一 一个地方，以免在代
码中到处添加设置。这样，我们就能传递一一个设 置对象，而不是众多不同的设置。另外，这让函数调用更简单，且在项目增大时修改游戏的外观更容易:要修改游戏，只需修改
settings.py中的 -些值，而无需查找散布在文件中的不同设置。

class Settings():"""存储《外星人入侵》的所设置类"""def __init__(self):"""初始化游戏的设置"""#屏幕设置self.screen_width = 1200self.screen_height = 800self.bg_color = (164, 177, 161)#飞船设置self.ship_limit = 3#子弹设置self.bullet_width=3self.bullet_height=15self.bullet_color=60,60,60self.bullets_allowed = 3#外星人设置self.fleet_drop_speed=10#以什么样的速度加快游戏节奏self.speedup_scale=1.1#外星人点数的提高速度self.score_scale=1.5self.initialize_dynamic_settings()def initialize_dynamic_settings(self):self.ship_speed_factor = 1.5self.bullet_speed_factor = 7self.alien_speed_factor = 0.6#fleet_direction为1表示向右：为-1表示向左self.fleet_direction=1#计分self.alien_points=50def increase_speed(self):"""提高速度设置"""self.ship_speed_factor*=self.speedup_scaleself.bullet_speed_factor*=self.speedup_scaleself.alien_speed_factor*=self.speedup_scaleself.alien_points=int(self.alien_points*self.score_scale)self.alien_points=int(self.alien_points*self.score_scale)

ship.py

负责管理飞船大部分的行为

import pygame
from pygame.sprite import Sprite
class Ship(Sprite) :def __init__(self, ai_settings, screen):""""初始化飞船并设置其初始位置"""super(Ship,self).__init__()self.screen = screenself.ai_settings = ai_settings#加载飞船图像并获取其外接矩形self.image=pygame.image.load('images/ship.bmp')self.rect=self.image.get_rect()self.screen_rect=screen.get_rect()#将每艘新飞船放在屏幕底部中央self.rect.centerx=self.screen_rect.centerxself.rect.bottom=self.screen_rect.bottomself.center=float(self.rect.centerx)#移动标志self.moving_right = Falseself.moving_left = Falsedef update(self):"""根据移动标志调整飞船的位置"""#更新飞船的center值而不是rectif self.moving_right and self.rect.right < self.screen_rect.right:self.center += self.ai_settings.ship_speed_factorif self.moving_left and self.rect.left > 0:self.center -= self.ai_settings.ship_speed_factor#根据self.center更新rect对象self.rect.centerx = self.centerdef blitme (self):"""在指定位置绘制飞船"""self.screen.blit(self.image,self.rect)def center_ship(self):"""让飞船在屏幕上居中"""self.center=self.screen_rect.centerx

其中图片可截屏首页效果图，然后转化为位图，如需源码@QQ824011402。com