利用cobbler实现自动化安装

1 Cobbler简介

• Cobbler是一款Linux生态的自动化运维工具，基于Python2开发，用于自动化批量部署安装操作系统；其提供基于CLI的管理方式和WEB配置界面，其中WEB配置界面是基于Python2和Django框架开发。另外，cobbler还提供了API，方便二次开发。Cobbler属于C/S模型(客户端/服务器模型)
• Cobbler主要用于快速网络安装linux操作系统，支持众多的Linux发行版如：Red Hat、Fedora、CentOS、Debian、Ubuntu和SuSE等，甚至支持windows的安装
• Cobbler实质是PXE的二次封装，将多种安装参数封装到一起，并提供统一的管理方法

2 Cobbler的相关服务

• 使用Cobbler安装系统需要一台专门提供各种服务的服务器，提供的服务包括(HTTP/FTP/NFS,TFTP,DHCP),也可以将这几个服务分别部署到不同服务器。事实上在实际应用中，总是将不同的服务分别部署到专门的服务器。
• Cobbler是在HTTP、TFTP、DHCP等各种服务的基础上进行相关操作的，实际安装的大体过程类似于基于PXE的网络安装:客户端(裸机)开机使用网卡引导启动，其请求DHCP分配一个地址后从TFTP服务器获取启动文件,加载到客户端本地内存中运行，并显示出可安装的系统列表；在人为的选定安装的操作系统类型后,客服端会到HTTP服务器下载相应的系统安装文件并执行自动安装

3 Cobbler的工作原理

• client裸机配置了从网络启动后，开机后会广播包请求DHCP服务器（cobbler server）发送其分配好的一个IP
• DHCP服务器（cobbler server）收到请求后发送responese，包括其ip地址
• client裸机拿到ip后再向cobbler server发送请求OS引导文件的请求
• cobbler server告诉裸机OS引导文件的名字和TFTP server的ip和port
• client裸机通过上面告知的TFTP server地址通信，下载引导文件
• client裸机执行执行该引导文件，确定加载信息，选择要安装的os，期间会再向cobbler server请求kickstart文件和os image
• cobbler server发送请求的kickstart和os iamge
• client裸机加载kickstart文件
• client裸机接收os image，安装该os image

4 安装Cobbler及其相关的服务和组件

Cobbler所依赖的服务包括HTTPD,TFTP,DHCP等，如果有web界面要求，还需要安装相关的组件
CentOS 8目前还没有提供Cobbler相关包

[root@centos7 ~]#yum install dhcp cobbler cobbler-web pykickstart
[root@centos7 ~]#systemctl enable --now cobbler httpd tftp dhcpd

相关包说明：

• httpd：提供yum源，并配合cobbler-web使得cobbler可以通过web网页界面进行配置管理
• tftp-server：提供启动和菜单等相关文件网络下载功能
• cobbler-web : 提供基于web的cobbler管理界面
• pykickstart.noarch : 基于python的管理kickstart文件的库

说明：

• Cobbler依赖于epel源，在安装cobbler之前需要配置epel源
• 在安装cobbler时会自因为依赖而安装httpd,tftp-server相关包

5 Cobbler配置文件及各目录情况

5.1 配置文件

/etc/cobbler/settings 			#cobbler 主配置文件
/etc/cobbler/iso/ 				#iso模板配置文件
/etc/cobbler/pxe 				#pxe模板文件
/etc/cobbler/power 				#电源配置文件
/etc/cobbler/user.conf 			#web服务授权配置文件
/etc/cobbler/users.digest 		#web访问的用户名密码配置文件
/etc/cobbler/dhcp.template 		#dhcp服务器的的配置模板
/etc/cobbler/dnsmasq.template 	#dns服务器的配置模板
/etc/cobbler/tftpd.template 	#tftp服务的配置模板
/etc/cobbler/modules.conf 	    #cobbler模块的配置文件	

5.2 数据目录

/var/lib/cobbler/config/ 	 #用于存放distros，system，profiles 等信息的配置文件
/var/lib/cobbler/triggers/   #用于存放用户定义的cobbler命令
/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/ # 默认存放kickstart文件
/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/ 	 #存放各种引导程序

5.3 镜像目录

/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/ 	#导入的发行版系统的所有数据
/var/www/cobbler/images/ 		#导入发行版kernel和initrd镜像用于远程网络启动
/var/www/cobbler/repo_mirror/   #yum 仓库存储目录

5.4 日志目录

/var/log/cobbler/installing  #客户端安装日志
/var/log/cobbler/cobbler.log #cobbler日志

6 配置及启动cobblerd服务

检测cobbler的运行环境,并根据提示逐步配置cobbler

cobbler check
The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:1 : The 'server' field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other
than localhost, or kickstarting features will not work. This should be a
resolvable hostname or IP for the boot server as reachable by all machines that
will use it.
2 : For PXE to be functional, the 'next_server' field in /etc/cobbler/settings
must be set to something other than 127.0.0.1, and should match the IP of the
boot server on the PXE network.
3 : change 'disable' to 'no' in /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
4 : Some network boot-loaders are missing from /var/lib/cobbler/loaders, you may
run 'cobbler get-loaders' to download them, or, if you only want to handle
x86/x86_64 netbooting, you may ensure that you have installed a *recent* version
of the syslinux package installed and can ignore this message entirely. Files
in this directory, should you want to support all architectures, should include
pxelinux.0, menu.c32, elilo.efi, and yaboot. The 'cobbler get-loaders' command
is the easiest way to resolve these requirements.
5 : enable and start rsyncd.service with systemctl
6 : debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian
deployments and repositories
7 : ksvalidator was not found, install pykickstart
8 : The default password used by the sample templates for newly installed
machines (default_password_crypted in /etc/cobbler/settings) is still set to
'cobbler' and should be changed, try: "openssl passwd -1 -salt 'random-phrasehere' 'your-password-here'" to generate new one
9 : fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power
management features. install cman or fence-agents to use themRestart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes.1.更改/etc/xinetd.d/tftp配置文件
vim /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
disable = yes --> disable = no
systemctl restart xinetd
2.联网下载boot引导程序文件
cobbler get-loaders
3.没有网络情况下拷贝启动文件到TFTP服务文件夹
cp -a /usr/share/syslinux/{pxelinux.0,menu.c32} /var/lib/tftpboot
4.更改/etc/cobbler/settings配置文件的server项为提供cobblerd服务的主机地址,也就是本机地址
sed -nri 's#server:127.0.0.1#server:192.168.100.100#' /etc/cobbler/settings
更改后的整行内容:server:192.168.100.100
5.更改/etc/cobbler/settings配置文件的next_server项，指明tftp服务器地址，使得客户端能够找到TFTP服务器
sed -i 's/next_server: 127.0.0.1/next_server: 192.168.100.100/' /etc/cobbler/settings
更改后的整行内容:next_server:192.168.100.100
6.配置相应的选项来使用cobbler管理dhcp服务和tftp服务
manage_dhcp：1
manage_tftpd：1
7.pxe_just_once选项，该选项置1表示在pxe安装块结束时在cobbler系统中做相应的记录，这样会避免
如果客户机的BIOS选项中PXE启动处于第一位导致的循环重启；如果第一个启动硬件不是PXE启动那就置0。
pxe_just_once：1配置完成后重启
systemctl restart cobblerd

7 cobbler命令用法

可以使用下面的方式得到使用帮助

[root@Centos7 ~]#cobbler
usage
=====
cobbler <distro|profile|system|repo|image|mgmtclass|package|file> ... [add|edit|copy|getks*|list|remove|rename|report] [options|--help]
cobbler <aclsetup|buildiso|import|list|replicate|report|reposync|sync|validateks|version|signature|get-loaders|hardlink> [options|--help][root@centos7 ~]#cobbler distro --help
usage
=====
cobbler distro add
cobbler distro copy
cobbler distro edit
cobbler distro find
cobbler distro list
cobbler distro remove
cobbler distro rename
cobbler distro report[root@Centos7 ~]#cobbler distro add --help
Usage: cobbler [options]Options:-h, --help            show this help message and exit--name=NAME           Name (Ex: Fedora-11-i386)--ctime=CTIME         --mtime=MTIME         --uid=UID
...省略...

常见用法：

#列出当前导入的linux发行版条目
cobbler distro list
#报告当前所有的linux发行版详细信息
cobbler distro report#导入系统源文件生成仓库
cobbler import --name=centos-8.0-x86_64 --path=/mnt --arch=x86_64#将linux发行版系统镜像与其对应的ks文件建立关联
cobbler profile --name=centos7 --distro=centos7-x86_64 --
kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/ks7.cfg

8 将linux发行版导入到cobbler在httpd服务的文件夹下

cobbler将系统yum源文件存放在 /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror目录下

cobbler import --name=centos6 --path=/var/www/html/centos/6/isos/x86_64/ --arch=x86_64
cobbler import --name=centos7 --path=/var/www/html/centos/7/isos/x86_64/ --arch=x86_64
cobbler import --name=centos8 --path=/var/www/html/centos/8/isos/x86_64/ --arch=x86_64

导入后重启并同步

systemctl restart cobblerd
cobbler sync

范例：

[root@centos7 ~]#du -sh /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/*
11G /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos-7.7-x86_64
7.2G /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos-8.1-x86_64
12K /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/config

9 配置linux发行版和关联相应的ks文件

拷贝事先准备好的ks文件至/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts目录下

[root@centos7 ~]#cp /var/www/html/ks/centos{6,7,8}.ks
/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts

将linux发行版系统镜像与其对应的ks文件建立关联

cobbler profile --name=centos6 --distro=centos6-x86_64 --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos6.cfg
cobbler profile --name=centos7 --distro=centos7-x86_64 --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos7.cfg
cobbler profile --name=centos8 --distro=centos8-x86_64 --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos8.cfg

注意，在导入distro时，cobbler会自动生成distro条目，这些并未和ks文件关联，可以使用

cobbler profile remove --name=PROFILE_NAME

删除后，再关联ks文件。

建立关联后重启并同步

systemctl restart cobblerd
cobbler sync

查看详细信息

cobbler report

范例：

[root@Centos7 ~]#cobbler report
distros:
==========
Name                           : centos-8.1-x86_64
Architecture                   : x86_64
TFTP Boot Files                : {}
Breed                          : redhat
Comment                        : 
Fetchable Files                : {}
Initrd                         : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos-8.1-x86_64/images/pxeboot/initrd.img
Kernel                         : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos-8.1-x86_64/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz
Kernel Options                 : {}
Kernel Options (Post Install)  : {}
Kickstart Metadata             : {'tree': 'http://@@http_server@@/cblr/links/centos-8.1-x86_64'}
Management Classes             : []
OS Version                     : rhel8
Owners                         : ['admin']
Red Hat Management Key         : <<inherit>>
Red Hat Management Server      : <<inherit>>
Template Files                 : {}Name                           : centos-6.10-x86_64
Architecture                   : x86_64
TFTP Boot Files                : {}
Breed                          : redhat
Comment                        : 
Fetchable Files                : {}
Initrd                         : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos-6.10-x86_64/images/pxeboot/initrd.img
Kernel                         : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos-6.10-x86_64/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz
Kernel Options                 : {}
Kernel Options (Post Install)  : {}
Kickstart Metadata             : {'tree': 'http://@@http_server@@/cblr/links/centos-6.10-x86_64'}
Management Classes             : []
OS Version                     : rhel6
Owners                         : ['admin']
Red Hat Management Key         : <<inherit>>
Red Hat Management Server      : <<inherit>>
Template Files                 : {}profiles:
==========
Name                           : CentOS-8.1_test
TFTP Boot Files                : {}
Comment                        : 
DHCP Tag                       : default
Distribution                   : CentOS-8.1-x86_64
Enable gPXE?                   : 0
Enable PXE Menu?               : 1
Fetchable Files                : {}
Kernel Options                 : {}
Kernel Options (Post Install)  : {}
Kickstart                      : /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos8.cfg
Kickstart Metadata             : {}
Management Classes             : []
Management Parameters          : <<inherit>>
Name Servers                   : []
Name Servers Search Path       : []
Owners                         : ['admin']
Parent Profile                 : 
Internal proxy                 : 
Red Hat Management Key         : <<inherit>>
Red Hat Management Server      : <<inherit>>
Repos                          : []
Server Override                : <<inherit>>
Template Files                 : {}
Virt Auto Boot                 : 1
Virt Bridge                    : xenbr0
Virt CPUs                      : 1
Virt Disk Driver Type          : raw
Virt File Size(GB)             : 5
Virt Path                      : 
Virt RAM (MB)                  : 512
Virt Type                      : xenpvName                           : centos-8.1-x86_64
TFTP Boot Files                : {}
Comment                        : 
DHCP Tag                       : default
Distribution                   : centos-8.1-x86_64
Enable gPXE?                   : 0
Enable PXE Menu?               : 1
Fetchable Files                : {}
Kernel Options                 : {}
Kernel Options (Post Install)  : {}
Kickstart                      : /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/sample_end.ks
Kickstart Metadata             : {}
Management Classes             : []
Management Parameters          : <<inherit>>
Name Servers                   : []
Name Servers Search Path       : []
Owners                         : ['admin']
Parent Profile                 : 
Internal proxy                 : 
Red Hat Management Key         : <<inherit>>
Red Hat Management Server      : <<inherit>>
Repos                          : []
Server Override                : <<inherit>>
Template Files                 : {}
Virt Auto Boot                 : 1
Virt Bridge                    : xenbr0
Virt CPUs                      : 1
Virt Disk Driver Type          : raw
Virt File Size(GB)             : 5
Virt Path                      : 
Virt RAM (MB)                  : 512
Virt Type                      : kvmName                           : centos-6.10-x86_64
TFTP Boot Files                : {}
Comment                        : 
DHCP Tag                       : default
Distribution                   : centos-6.10-x86_64
Enable gPXE?                   : 0
Enable PXE Menu?               : 1
Fetchable Files                : {}
Kernel Options                 : {}
Kernel Options (Post Install)  : {}
Kickstart                      : /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/sample_end.ks
Kickstart Metadata             : {}
Management Classes             : []
Management Parameters          : <<inherit>>
Name Servers                   : []
Name Servers Search Path       : []
Owners                         : ['admin']
Parent Profile                 : 
Internal proxy                 : 
Red Hat Management Key         : <<inherit>>
Red Hat Management Server      : <<inherit>>
Repos                          : []
Server Override                : <<inherit>>
Template Files                 : {}
Virt Auto Boot                 : 1
Virt Bridge                    : xenbr0
Virt CPUs                      : 1
Virt Disk Driver Type          : raw
Virt File Size(GB)             : 5
Virt Path                      : 
Virt RAM (MB)                  : 512
Virt Type                      : kvmsystems:
==========repos:
==========images:
==========mgmtclasses:
==========packages:
==========files:
==========

上面信息中有一行如下：

Kickstart Metadata      :  {'tree':'http://@@http_server@@/cblr/links/centos-8.1-x86_64'}

该行的定义在文件 /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/config/centos8-x86_64.repo中
是cobbler自己定义安装源路径的特有语法规定的，因此可以在ks文件中指定安装
源时直接指定为$tree变量。

url --url=$tree

范例：

[root@centos7 ~]#vim /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/config/centos8-x86_64.repo
[core-0]
name=core-0
baseurl=http://@@http_server@@/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos8-x86_64/AppStream
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
priority=$yum_distro_priority

10 启动菜单优化

修改/etc/cobbler/pxe/pxedefault.template模板文件，重启同步

[root@Centos7 ~]#vim /etc/cobbler/pxe/pxedefault.template
DEFAULT menu
PROMPT 0
MENU TITLE Cobbler | http://www.cuiqinghe.com/   # 自定义项
TIMEOUT 200
TOTALTIMEOUT 6000
ONTIMEOUT $pxe_timeout_profileLABEL localMENU LABEL (local)   # 自定义项1MENU DEFAULTLOCALBOOT -1$pxe_menu_itemsMENU end
[root@centos7 ~]#systemctl restart cobblerd
[root@centos7 ~]#cobbler sync

重启同步后cobbler更新文件/var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default

[root@centos7 ~]#vim /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
DEFAULT menu
PROMPT 0
MENU TITLE Welcome! | www.wangxiaochun.com
TIMEOUT 200
TOTALTIMEOUT 6000
ONTIMEOUT localLABEL localMENU LABEL (local installation)MENU DEFAULTLOCALBOOT -1
LABEL Install_centos6kernel /images/centos6-x86_64/vmlinuzMENU LABEL Install_centos6append initrd=/images/centos6-x86_64/initrd.img ksdevice=bootif lang=
kssendmac text ks=http://192.168.100.100/cblr/svc/op/ks/profile/Install_centos6ipappend 2LABEL Install_centos7kernel /images/centos7-x86_64/vmlinuzMENU LABEL Install_centos7append initrd=/images/centos7-x86_64/initrd.img ksdevice=bootif lang=
kssendmac text ks=http://192.168.100.100/cblr/svc/op/ks/profile/Install_centos7ipappend 2LABEL Install_centos8kernel /images/centos8-x86_64/vmlinuzMENU LABEL Install_centos8append initrd=/images/centos8-x86_64/initrd.img ksdevice=bootif lang=
kssendmac text ks=http://192.168.100.100/cblr/svc/op/ks/profile/Install_centos8ipappend 2
MENU end

11 基于web界面来管理配置cobbler

11.1 安装cobbler-web

yum install cobbler-web`
systemctl restart httpd

11.2 访问web界面

用浏览器访问：https://cobblerserver/cobbler_web

cobbler-web界面的默认账号，用户名：cobbler 密码:cobbler

cobbler访问图示


默认账户密码都是:cobbler

11.3 WEB的登录认证方式

认证方法配置文件：/etc/cobbler/modules.conf
支持多种认证方法：

• authn_configfile，此为默认的认证方法
• authn_pam

使用authn_configfile模块认证cobbler_web用户

vim /etc/cobbler/modules.conf
[authentication]
module=authn_configfile

创建其认证文件/etc/cobbler/users.digest，并添加所需的用户

htdigest -c /etc/cobbler/users.digest Cobbler admin

使用已有用户文件，在其中添加新用户

htdigest /etc/cobbler/users.digest Cobbler admin2

注意：

• 使用“-c”选项用于创建用户文件，如果文件已存在，将覆盖原文件
• cobbler_web的realm只能为Cobbler

使用authn_pam模块认证cobbler_web用户

vim /etc/cobbler/modules.conf
[authentication]
module = authn_pamsystemctl restart cobblerd

创建cobbler用户：

useradd -s /sbin/nologin cobbleruser
echo magedu | passwd --stdin cobbleruser
vim /etc/cobbler/users.conf
[admins]
admin = "cobbleruser"

12 Trouble Shooting

12.1 故障1

这种情况是ks文件中的安装源路径出错,改为如下：
centos6: url --url=http://httpserver/ksdir/ks.cfg 或者 url --url=$tree
centos7: url --url=http://httpserver/ksdir/ks.cfg 或者 url --url=$tree
centos8: url --url=http://httpserver/ksdir/ks.cfg 或者 url --url=$tree

12.2 故障2

这种情况是因为在安装配置cobbler时httpd服务一直在运行中，没有正确的为cobbler提供服务，因此重启httpd服务就ok了 systemctl restart httpd

12.3 故障3

httpd服务运行中安装cobbler-web包后无法访问https://cobblerserver/cobbler-web管理界面

yum源更新后的Django版本和cobbler不兼容，更新cobbler 2.8.5新版后，此故障已修复

#提示如果无法打开web页面，可以执行面操作
[root@centos7 ~]#yum install python2-pip
#安装指定版本的Django
[root@centos7 ~]#pip install Django==1.8.17
[root@centos7 ~]#systemctl restart httpd

13 实战案例：CentOS 7 基于cobbler实现系统的自动化安装

13.1 环境准备

两台主机

一台主机：CentOS 7 充当 Cobbler，http，dhcp，tftp 服务器，并关闭防火墙和SELinux

一台主机：充当测试机，用于实现自动化安装Linux系统

网络要求：关闭Vmware软件中的NAT模式中的DHCP服务，两个主机网卡基于NAT模式

13.2 安装相关包并启动服务

[root@centos7 ~]#yum install cobbler dhcp -y
[root@centos7 ~]#systemctl enable --now cobblerd httpd tftp dhcpd

13.3 修改cobbler相关的配置

[root@centos7 ~]#cobbler check
The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:1 : The 'server' field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other
than localhost, or kickstarting features will not work. This should be a
resolvable hostname or IP for the boot server as reachable by all machines that
will use it.
2 : For PXE to be functional, the 'next_server' field in /etc/cobbler/settings
must be set to something other than 127.0.0.1, and should match the IP of the
boot server on the PXE network.
3 : change 'disable' to 'no' in /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
4 : Some network boot-loaders are missing from /var/lib/cobbler/loaders, you may
run 'cobbler get-loaders' to download them, or, if you only want to handle
x86/x86_64 netbooting, you may ensure that you have installed a *recent* version
of the syslinux package installed and can ignore this message entirely. Files
in this directory, should you want to support all architectures, should include
pxelinux.0, menu.c32, elilo.efi, and yaboot. The 'cobbler get-loaders' command
is the easiest way to resolve these requirements.
5 : enable and start rsyncd.service with systemctl
6 : debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian
deployments and repositories
7 : ksvalidator was not found, install pykickstart
8 : The default password used by the sample templates for newly installed
machines (default_password_crypted in /etc/cobbler/settings) is still set to
'cobbler' and should be changed, try: "openssl passwd -1 -salt 'random-phrasehere' 'your-password-here'" to generate new one
9 : fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power
management features. install cman or fence-agents to use them#生成新密码，默认安装好的系统root密码为cobbler
[root@centos7 ~]#openssl passwd -1 'magedu'
$1$1spuisnh$j34LNmyTQWs3l6xKxCZY60#根据以上提示，只需要做1，2，8这三项即可，修改下面四行
[root@centos7 ~]#vim /etc/cobbler/settings
default_password_crypted: "$1$1spuisnh$j34LNmyTQWs3l6xKxCZY60"
next_server：< tftp服务器的 IP 地址>
server：<cobbler服务器的 IP 地址>
manage_dhcp：1 #设置为1，表示通过cobbler生成dhcpd.conf配置文件[root@centos7 ~]#systemctl restart cobblerd

13.4 实现dhcp服务

#修改dhcp的模版文件下面的行，用来生成dhcp的配置文件
[root@centos7 ~]#vim /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template
subnet 192.168.100.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {option routers 				192.168.100.1;option domain-name-servers  180.76.76.76,223.6.6.6;option subnet-mask 			255.255.255.0;range dynamic-bootp 		192.168.100.1 192.168.100.200;[root@centos7 ~]#cobbler sync
[root@centos7 ~]#systemctl start dhcpd

13.5 下载启动的相关文件

[root@centos7 ~]#cobbler get-loaders
task started: 2020-02-10_163111_get_loaders
task started (id=Download Bootloader Content, time=Mon Feb 10 16:31:11 2020)
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/README to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/README
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/COPYING.elilo to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/COPYING.elilo
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/COPYING.yaboot to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/COPYING.yaboot
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/COPYING.syslinux to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/COPYING.syslinux
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/elilo-3.8-ia64.efi to
/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/elilo-ia64.efi
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/yaboot-1.3.17 to
/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/yaboot
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/pxelinux.0-3.86 to
/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/pxelinux.0
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/menu.c32-3.86 to
/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/menu.c32
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/grub-0.97-x86.efi to
/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/grub-0.97-x86_64.efi to
/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi
*** TASK COMPLETE ***[root@centos7 ~]#ls /var/lib/cobbler/loaders
COPYING.elilo COPYING.yaboot grub-x86_64.efi menu.c32 README
COPYING.syslinux elilo-ia64.efi grub-x86.efi pxelinux.0 yaboot[root@centos7 ~]#tree /var/lib/tftpboot/
/var/lib/tftpboot/
├── boot
├── etc
├── grub
├── images
├── images2
├── ppc
├── pxelinux.cfg
└── s390x8 directories, 0 files
[root@centos7 ~]#cobbler sync
task started: 2020-02-10_163219_sync
task started (id=Sync, time=Mon Feb 10 16:32:19 2020)
running pre-sync triggers
cleaning trees
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images
copying bootloaders
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/pxelinux.0 ->
/var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.0
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/menu.c32 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/menu.c32
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/yaboot -> /var/lib/tftpboot/yaboot
trying hardlink /usr/share/syslinux/memdisk -> /var/lib/tftpboot/memdisk
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi ->
/var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi ->
/var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi
copying distros to tftpboot
copying images
generating PXE configuration files
generating PXE menu structure
rendering TFTPD files
generating /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
cleaning link caches
running post-sync triggers
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.manage_genders
running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
*** TASK COMPLETE ***
[root@centos7 ~]#tree /var/lib/tftpboot/
/var/lib/tftpboot/
├── boot
│ └── grub
│ └── menu.lst
├── etc
├── grub
│ ├── efidefault
│ ├── grub-x86_64.efi
│ ├── grub-x86.efi
│ └── images -> ../images
├── images
├── images2
├── memdisk
├── menu.c32
├── ppc
├── pxelinux.0
├── pxelinux.cfg
│ └── default
├── s390x
│ └── profile_list
└── yaboot10 directories, 10 files

13.6 修改菜单的标题信息(可选)

[root@centos7 ~]#vim /etc/cobbler/pxe/pxedefault.template
MENU TITLE Cobbler | http://www.cuiqinghe.com/[root@centos7 ~]#cobbler sync
[root@centos7 ~]#cat /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
DEFAULT menu
PROMPT 0
MENU TITLE Cobbler | http://www.magedu.com/ #默认为：http://cobbler.github.io/
TIMEOUT 200
TOTALTIMEOUT 6000
ONTIMEOUT localLABEL localMENU LABEL (local)MENU DEFAULTLOCALBOOT -1MENU end[root@centos7 ~]#cobbler sync

13.7 导入CentOS系统的安装文件，生成相应的YUM源

[root@centos7 ~]#cobbler import --name=centos-8.1-x86_64 --path=/misc/cd --arch=x86_64
[root@centos7 ~]#mount /dev/sr1 /mnt
mount: /dev/sr1 is write-protected, mounting read-only
[root@centos7 ~]#cobbler import --name=centos-7.7-x86_64 --path=/mnt --arch=x86_64
[root@centos7 ~]#du -sh /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/*
11G /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos-7.7-x86_64
7.2G /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos-8.1-x86_64
12K /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/config
[root@centos7 ~]#cobbler distro list
centos-7.7-x86_64
centos-8.1-x86_64[root@centos7 ~]#cobbler profile list
centos-7.7-x86_64
centos-8.1-x86_64#默认生成的是最小化安装

13.8 准备 kickstart文件,并关联至指定的YUM源

[root@centos7 ~]#vim /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos8.cfg
[root@centos7 ~]#cat /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos8.cfg
ignoredisk --only-use=sda
zerombr
text
reboot
clearpart --all --initlabel
selinux --disabled
firewall --disabled
url --url=$tree #注意此行必须指定
keyboard --vckeymap=us --xlayouts='us'
lang en_US.UTF-8
network --bootproto=dhcp --device=ens160 --ipv6=auto --activate
network --hostname=centos8.magedu.com
rootpw --iscrypted
$6$nOPs5JTMlP4mhQeW$R/o62B6SXAh3RR.zrZ3U0X4xYX9/u5nSLrR/vqCB6kdO2XFfMk2a4yAgrHJQ
pXK/e4jzRb0jiLBv2nFMXaBjB/
firstboot --enable
skipx
services --disabled="chronyd"
timezone Asia/Shanghai --isUtc --nontp
user --name=wang --
password=$6$oUfb/02CWfLb5l8f$sgEZeR7c7DpqfpmFDH6huSmDbW1XQNR4qKl2EPns.gOXqlnAIgv
9pTogtFVaDtEpMOC.SWXKYqxfVtd9MCwxb1 --iscrypted --gecos="wang"
part / --fstype="xfs" --ondisk=sda --size=102400
part /data --fstype="xfs" --ondisk=sda --size=51200
part swap --fstype="swap" --ondisk=sda --size=2048
part /boot --fstype="ext4" --ondisk=sda --size=1024
%packages
@^minimal-environment
kexec-tools
%end
%addon com_redhat_kdump --enable --reserve-mb='auto'
%end
%anaconda
pwpolicy root --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --notempty
pwpolicy user --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --emptyok
pwpolicy luks --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --notempty
%end#将kickstart文件，关联指定的YUM源和生成菜单列表
[root@centos7 ~]#cobbler profile add --name=CentOS-8.1_test --distro=CentOS-8.1-x86_64 --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos8.cfg
[root@centos7 ~]#cobbler profile add --name=CentOS-7.7_test --distro=CentOS-7.7-x86_64 --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos7.cfg#删除默认生成的菜单
[root@centos7 ~]#cobbler profile remove --name=centos-8.1-x86_64
[root@centos7 ~]#cobbler profile remove --name=centos-7.7-x86_64
[root@centos7 ~]#cobbler profile list
CentOS-7.7_test
CentOS-8.1_test#删除默认的菜单列表
[root@centos7 ~]#cobbler profile remove --name=CentOS8.0-x86_64

13.9 测试客户端基于Cobbler实现自动安装

13.10 支持UEFI安装

注意：CentOS6的虚拟机不支持UEFI

修改文件设置时间，默认不显示菜单

#修改模版文件
[root@Centos7 ~]#vim /etc/cobbler/pxe/efidefault.template 
[root@Centos7 ~]#cat /etc/cobbler/pxe/efidefault.template
default=0
timeout=60$grub_menu_items#使模版生效
[root@Centos7 ~]#cobbler sync#验证生效
[root@Centos7 ~]#head -n 2 /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/efidefault 
default=0
timeout=60

设置客户端的启动使用UEFI

启动客户机可以看到面界面

选择对应的菜单进行自动安装

13.11 实现cobbler 的web管理

通过浏览器访问下面地址： https://cobblerserver/cobbler_web



用户名：cobbler，默认密码：cobbler

13.12 创建cobbler的自定义的web用户

[root@Centos7 ~]#cat /etc/cobbler/users.digest 
cobbler:Cobbler:a2d6bae81669d707b72c0bd9806e01f3
[root@Centos7 ~]#htdigest -c /etc/cobbler/users.digest Cobbler admin
Adding password for admin in realm Cobbler.
New password: 
Re-type new password: 
[root@Centos7 ~]#cat /etc/cobbler/users.digest 
admin:Cobbler:4887b371b26ba94f869506d1655ad46f
3
[root@Centos7 ~]#htdigest  /etc/cobbler/users.digest Cobbler admin2
Adding user admin2 in realm Cobbler
New password: 
Re-type new password: 
[root@Centos7 ~]#cat /etc/cobbler/users.digest 
admin:Cobbler:4887b371b26ba94f869506d1655ad46f
3
admin2:Cobbler:4d98c803029c18a65aa5fcf12c56b517

使用上面命令创建的用户登录web界面

登录成功后，可以看到下面界面