原标题：BIYB带你学篮球规则系列3-篮球场上的“秒”（上）

一、3秒钟 3 SECONDS

1. 规定 RULE

1.1 当球队在它的前场控制着一个活球，并且比赛计时钟正在运行时，该队的队员不得在对方队的限制区内停留超过持续的3秒钟。

1.1 A player shall not remain in the opponents restricted area for more than 3 consecutive seconds while his team is in control of a live ball in the frontcourt and the game clock is running

1.2 必须默许

1.2 Allowances must be made for a player who

*尝试离开限制区的队员

*Makes an attempt to leave the restricted area

*队员在限制区内的时侯，他或他的同队队员正在做投篮动作，并且球正离开或恰已离开投篮队员的手

*Is in the restricted area when he or his team-mate is in the act of shooting and the ball is leaving or has just left the players hand s)on the shot for a field goal

*队员在限制区内已接近持续的3秒钟时，他运球去投篮.

*Dribbles in the restricted area to shoot for a field goal after having been there for less than 3 consecutive seconds

1.3 为证实队员自身位于限制区外，他必须将双脚置于限制区外的(赛场)地面上。

1.3 To establish himself outside the restricted area, the player must place both feet on the floor outside the restricted area

2. 规则解释

2.1 陈述：

当一名队员在端线处离开比赛场地以避免一次3秒违例，但随后他又重新进入限制区时，这是一起违例。

2.2 举例：

A1在限制区内停留少于３秒时，在端线处移动至界外以避免发生3秒违例，随后他又回到限制区内。

A1已发生一起３秒违例。

2.1 Statement：

It is a violation when a player leaves the playing court at the endline to avoid a 3-second violation and then re-enters the restricted area.

2.2 Example:

A1 in the restricted area for less than 3 seconds moves out-of-bounds at the endline not to commit a 3-second violation. A1 then re-enters the restricted area.

A1 has committed a 3-second violation.

二、被严密防守的队员 CLOSELY GUARDED PLAYER

1. 定义 DEFINITION

一名队员在比赛场地上正持着一个活球，一名对方队的队员距离他不超过1米处，并处于积极的、合法防守的占位时，该持球队员是在被密防宁。

A player who is holding a live ball on the playing court is closely guarded when an opponent is in an active legal guarding position at a distance of no more than 1 m

2. 规定 RULE

一名被严密防守的队员必须在5秒钟内传球、投篮或运球。

A closely guarded player must pass, shoot or dribble the ball within 5 seconds

三、8秒钟 8 SECONDS

1. 规定 RULE

1.1 每当出现下列情況时，该队必须在8秒钟内使球进入它的前场:

*一名在他后场的队员获得控制活球时，或

*在掷球入界中，球接触在后场的任何队员、或被在后场的任何队员合法触及，并且那名掷球入界队员的球队仍然在它的后场控制球时。

1.1 Whenever

*A player in the backcourt gains control of a live ball, or

*On a throw-in, the ball touches or is legally touched by any player in the back-court and the team of that player taking the throw-in remains in control of the ball in its backcourt

That team must cause the ball to go into its frontcourt within 8 seconds.

1.2每当出现下列情况时，该队就已使球进入了前场

1. 2 The team has caused the ball to go into its frontcourt whenever

*任何队员都不控制的球接触前场时

*The ball, not in control of any player, touches the frontcourt

*球接触双脚完全地接触他前场的进攻队员或被他合法触及时

*The ball touches or is legally touched by an offensive player who has both feet completely in contact with his frontcourt

*球接触部分身体接触他后场的防守队员或被该防守队员合法触及时

*The ball touches or is leg ally touched by a defensive player who has part of his body in contact with his backcourt

*球接触部分身体在控制球队前场的裁判员时

*The ball touches an official who has part of his body in contact with the frontcourt of the team in control of the ball

*在从后场向前场运球中，球和运球队员的双脚完全与前场接触时

*During a dribble from the backcourt to the frontcourt, the ball and both feet of the dribbler are completely in contact with the frontcourt

1.3 每当因为出现下列情况后，将球判给原先已控制球的那个队在后场掷

*球入界时，8秒钟周期须从剩余的时间处连续计时:

*球出界了:

*一名控制球队的队员受伤了;

*原先的控制球队发生一起技术犯规

*一次跳球情况;

*一起双方犯规;或

*判给双方球队的相等罚则相抵消了。

1.3 The 8 second period shall continue with any time remaining when the same team that previously had control of the ball is awarded a throw-in in the backcourt, as a result

*A ball having gone out-of-bounds.

*A player of the same team having been injured

*A technical foul committed by that team

*A jump ball situation

*A double foul

*A cancellation of equal penalties against both teams

2. 规则解释

2.1 陈述：

在一次从后场进入前场的运球中，当运球队员的双脚和球都完全接触前场时，球进入该队的前场。

2.2 举例：

A1正骑跨中线，他接到位于其后场的A2的传球。A1随后将球传回给仍然位于A队后场的A2。

这是合法比赛。因为A1没有双脚完全接触或位于前场，因此A1有权将球传回后场。8秒周期应连续计算。

2.1 Statement:

During a dribble from the backcourt to the frontcourt, the ball goes into a team's frontcourt when both feet of the dribbler and the ball are completely in contact with the frontcourt.

2.2 Example:

A1 is straddling the centre line and receives the ball from A2 who is in his backcourt. A1 passes the ball back to A2 who is still in his backcourt.

This is a legal play. A1 does not have both feet completely in contact with his frontcourt and therefore A1 is entitled to pass the ball into his backcourt. The 8-second period shall continue.

2.3 举例：

A1从他的后场运球，并结束运球持球骑跨在中线上。随后A1传球给同样骑跨中线站在场上的A2。

这是合法比赛。因为A1没有双脚完全接触或位于前场，因此A1有权将球传给同样不位于其前场的A2。8秒周期应连续计算。

2.3 Example:

A1 dribbles from his backcourt and ends his dribble holding the ball while straddling the centre line. A1 then passes the ball to A2 who is also straddling the centre line.

This is a legal play. A1 does not have both feet completely in contact with the frontcourt and therefore A1 is entitled to pass the ball to A2 who is also not in his frontcourt. The 8-second period shall continue.

2.4 举例：

A1从后场运球并且一脚（但不是双脚）已经位于前场。A1随后传球给正骑跨中线的A2。A2随后在他的后场继续运球。

这是合法比赛。因为A1没有双脚完全接触或位于前场，因此A1有权将球传给同样不位于其前场的A2。A2有权在其后场运球。8秒周期应连续计算

2.4 Example:

A1 dribbles from his backcourt and has one foot (but not both feet) already in his frontcourt. A1 passes the ball to A2, who is straddling the centre line.A2 begins to dribble in his backcourt.

This is a legal play. A1 does not have both feet completely in contact with his frontcourt and therefore A1 is entitled to pass the ball to A2 who is also not in his frontcourt. A2 is entitled to dribble into his backcourt. The 8-second period shall continue

2.5 举例：

2.5 Example:

A1从其后场向前推进，A1停止他的前进动作但继续运球，此时：

A1 dribbles from his backcourt and stops his forward motion still dribbling while:

(a) 正骑跨中线。

(a) Straddling the centre line.

(b) 双脚位于其前场但是在其后场运球。

(b) Both feet are in his frontcourt but the ball is being dribbled in his backcourt.

(c) 双脚位于其前场同时在其后场运球，随后A1双脚回到其后场。

(c) Both feet are in his frontcourt while the ball is being dribbled in his backcourt, after which A1 returns both feet to his backcourt.

(d) 双脚位于其后场但是在其前场运球。

(d) Both feet are in his backcourt but the ball is being dribbled in his frontcourt.

在所有情况中，运球队员A1直到双脚和球完全接触前场才不继续位于后场。在所有情况中，8秒周期都应连续计算。

In all cases, dribbler A1 continues to be in his backcourt until both feet, as well as the ball, are completely in contact with the frontcourt. The 8-second period shall continue.

2.6 陈述：

每次当原控制球队在后场获得掷球入界，8秒周期应以剩余的时间连续计算。将球递交给掷球入界队员的裁判员，应告知该队员8秒周期剩余的时间。

2.6 Statement:

Each time the 8-second period continues with the remaining time and the same team that previously had control of the ball is awarded a throw-in from its backcourt, the official handing the ball to the player taking the throw-in shall inform him on the remaining time in 8-second period.

2.7 举例：

A1在他的后场运球达6秒时，裁判员宣判了一起双方犯规发生，

在其：

(a) 后场。

(b) 前场。

(a) 应由A队在其后场离双方犯规最近的地点掷球入界重新开始比赛，且A队只有2秒使球进入其前场。

(b) A队在前场离双方犯规最近的地点掷球入界重新开始比赛。

2.7 Example:

A1 dribbles in his backcourt for 6 seconds when a double foul is called in the:

(a) Backcourt.

(b) Frontcourt.

(a) The game shall be resumed with a team A throw-in in its backcourt from the place nearest to where the double foul occurred, with 2 seconds to move the ball into its frontcourt.

(b) The game shall be resumed with a team A throw-in in its frontcourt from the place nearest to where the double foul occurred.

2.8 举例：

A1在后场已运球4秒，B1在A队的后场将球拍出界。

应以A队在后场掷球入界重新开始比赛，且A队只有4秒使球进入他的前场。

2.8 Example:

A1 dribbles in his backcourt for 4 seconds when B1 taps the ball out-of- bounds in team A backcourt.

The game shall be resumed with a team A throw-in from its backcourt, with 4 seconds to move the ball into its frontcourt.

2.9 陈述：

如果比赛被裁判员因为任何与任一队无关的合理的理由中断，且根据裁判员的判断，对方队将被置于不利，8秒周期应从中断处连续计算。

2.9 Statement:

If the game is stopped by an official for any valid reason not connected with either team and, if in the judgement of the officials, the opponents would be placed at a disadvantage, the 8-second period shall continue from the time it was stopped.

2.10 举例：

第4节比赛计时钟还剩0:25时，比分A 72-B 72，A队获得控制球。

A1已经在其后场运球达4秒，此时裁判因为以下原因中断比赛：

(a) 比赛计时钟或进攻计时钟未能运行或开启。

(b) 瓶子被扔进场地内。

(c) 进攻计时钟被错误地复位。

在所有的情况中，比赛应由A队在他的后场掷球入界重新开始，8秒周期还剩4秒。因为如果比赛继续给一个新的8秒周期，会将B队置于不利。

2.10 Example:

With 0:25 remaining on the game clock in the fourth quarter and with the score A 72 - B 72, team A gains control of the ball. A1 dribbles the ball in his backcourt for 4 seconds when the game is stopped by the officials due to the:

(a) Game clock or the shot clock failing to run or to start.

(b) Bottle being thrown on the playing court.

(c) Shot clock being erroneously reset.

In all cases, the game shall be resumed with a team A throw-in from its backcourt, with 4 seconds remaining in the 8-second period. Team B would be placed at a disadvantage if the game were resumed with a new 8-second period.

下期预告

“24秒违例”

责任编辑：