在实际开发中，很多场景需要异步处理，这时就需要用到RabbitMQ，而且随着场景的增多程序可能需要连接多个RabbitMQ。SpringBoot本身提供了默认的配置可以快速配置连接RabbitMQ，但是只能连接一个RabbitMQ，当需要连接多个RabbitMQ时，默认的配置就不太适用了，需要单独编写每个连接。

在SpringBoot框架中，我们常用的两个类一般是：

• RabbitTemplate：作为生产、消费消息使用；
• RabbitAdmin：作为申明、删除交换机和队列，绑定和解绑队列和交换机的绑定关系使用。

所以我们连接多个RabbitMQ就需要重新建立连接、重新实现这两个类。
代码如下：

配置

application.properties配置文件需要配置两个连接：

server.port=8080# rabbitmq
v2.spring.rabbitmq.host=host
v2.spring.rabbitmq.port=5672
v2.spring.rabbitmq.username=username
v2.spring.rabbitmq.password=password
v2.spring.rabbitmq.virtual-host=virtual-host
#consume 手动 ack
v2.spring.rabbitmq.listener.simple.acknowledge-mode=manual
#1.当mandatory标志位设置为true时，
#   如果exchange根据自身类型和消息routingKey无法找到一个合适的queue存储消息，
#   那么broker会调用basic.return方法将消息返还给生产者;
#2.当mandatory设置为false时，出现上述情况broker会直接将消息丢弃;通俗的讲，
#   mandatory标志告诉broker代理服务器至少将消息route到一个队列中，
#   否则就将消息return给发送者;
v2.spring.rabbitmq.template.mandatory=true
#publisher confirms 发送确认
v2.spring.rabbitmq.publisher-confirms=true
#returns callback ：
#   1.未送达exchange
#   2.送达exchange却未送道queue的消息 回调returnCallback.（注意）出现2情况时，publisher-confirms 回调的是true
v2.spring.rabbitmq.publisher-returns=true
v2.spring.rabbitmq.listener.simple.prefetch=5# rabbitmq
v1.spring.rabbitmq.host=host
v1.spring.rabbitmq.port=5672
v1.spring.rabbitmq.username=username
v1.spring.rabbitmq.password=password
v1.spring.rabbitmq.virtual-host=virtual-host
#consume 手动 ack
v1.spring.rabbitmq.listener.simple.acknowledge-mode=manual
#1.当mandatory标志位设置为true时，
#   如果exchange根据自身类型和消息routingKey无法找到一个合适的queue存储消息，
#   那么broker会调用basic.return方法将消息返还给生产者;
#2.当mandatory设置为false时，出现上述情况broker会直接将消息丢弃;通俗的讲，
#   mandatory标志告诉broker代理服务器至少将消息route到一个队列中，
#   否则就将消息return给发送者;
v1.spring.rabbitmq.template.mandatory=true
#publisher confirms 发送确认
v1.spring.rabbitmq.publisher-confirms=true
#returns callback ：
#   1.未送达exchange
#   2.送达exchange却未送道queue的消息 回调returnCallback.（注意）出现2情况时，publisher-confirms 回调的是true
v1.spring.rabbitmq.publisher-returns=true
v1.spring.rabbitmq.listener.simple.prefetch=5

重写连接工厂

需要注意的是，在多源的情况下，需要在某个连接加上@Primary注解，表示主连接，默认使用这个连接

package com.example.config.rabbitmq;import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.AcknowledgeMode;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.config.SimpleRabbitListenerContainerFactory;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.CachingConnectionFactory;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.ConnectionFactory;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.CorrelationData;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitAdmin;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.amqp.SimpleRabbitListenerContainerFactoryConfigurer;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Primary;/*** Created by shuai on 2019/4/23.*/
@Configuration
public class MultipleRabbitMQConfig {@Bean(name = "v2ConnectionFactory")public CachingConnectionFactory hospSyncConnectionFactory(@Value("${v2.spring.rabbitmq.host}") String host,@Value("${v2.spring.rabbitmq.port}") int port,@Value("${v2.spring.rabbitmq.username}") String username,@Value("${v2.spring.rabbitmq.password}") String password,@Value("${v2.spring.rabbitmq.virtual-host}") String virtualHost,@Value("${v2.spring.rabbitmq.publisher-confirms}") Boolean publisherConfirms,@Value("${v2.spring.rabbitmq.publisher-returns}") Boolean publisherReturns) {CachingConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new CachingConnectionFactory();connectionFactory.setHost(host);connectionFactory.setPort(port);connectionFactory.setUsername(username);connectionFactory.setPassword(password);connectionFactory.setVirtualHost(virtualHost);connectionFactory.setPublisherConfirms(publisherConfirms);connectionFactory.setPublisherReturns(publisherReturns);return connectionFactory;}@Bean(name = "v2RabbitTemplate")public RabbitTemplate firstRabbitTemplate(@Qualifier("v2ConnectionFactory") ConnectionFactory connectionFactory,@Value("${v2.spring.rabbitmq.template.mandatory}") Boolean mandatory) {RabbitTemplate v2RabbitTemplate = new RabbitTemplate(connectionFactory);v2RabbitTemplate.setMandatory(mandatory);v2RabbitTemplate.setConfirmCallback((correlationData, ack, s) -> {if (!ack) {
//                    LOGGER.info("{} 发送RabbitMQ消息 ack确认 失败: [{}]", this.name, JSON.toJSONString(object));} else {
//                    LOGGER.info("{} 发送RabbitMQ消息 ack确认 成功: [{}]", this.name, JSON.toJSONString(object));}});v2RabbitTemplate.setReturnCallback((message, code, s, exchange, routingKey) -> {
//                LOGGER.error("{} 发送RabbitMQ消息returnedMessage，出现异常，Exchange不存在或发送至Exchange却没有发送到Queue中，message：[{}], code[{}], s[{}], exchange[{}], routingKey[{}]", new Object[]{this.name, JSON.toJSONString(message), JSON.toJSONString(code), JSON.toJSONString(s), JSON.toJSONString(exchange), JSON.toJSONString(routingKey)});});return v2RabbitTemplate;}@Bean(name = "v2ContainerFactory")public SimpleRabbitListenerContainerFactory hospSyncFactory(@Qualifier("v2ConnectionFactory") ConnectionFactory connectionFactory,@Value("${v2.spring.rabbitmq.listener.simple.acknowledge-mode}") String acknowledge,@Value("${v2.spring.rabbitmq.listener.simple.prefetch}") Integer prefetch) {SimpleRabbitListenerContainerFactory factory = new SimpleRabbitListenerContainerFactory();factory.setConnectionFactory(connectionFactory);factory.setAcknowledgeMode(AcknowledgeMode.valueOf(acknowledge.toUpperCase()));factory.setPrefetchCount(prefetch);return factory;}@Bean(name = "v2RabbitAdmin")public RabbitAdmin iqianzhanRabbitAdmin(@Qualifier("v2ConnectionFactory") ConnectionFactory connectionFactory) {RabbitAdmin rabbitAdmin = new RabbitAdmin(connectionFactory);rabbitAdmin.setAutoStartup(true);return rabbitAdmin;}// mq主连接@Bean(name = "v1ConnectionFactory")@Primarypublic CachingConnectionFactory publicConnectionFactory(@Value("${v1.spring.rabbitmq.host}") String host,@Value("${v1.spring.rabbitmq.port}") int port,@Value("${v1.spring.rabbitmq.username}") String username,@Value("${v1.spring.rabbitmq.password}") String password,@Value("${v1.spring.rabbitmq.virtual-host}") String virtualHost,@Value("${v1.spring.rabbitmq.publisher-confirms}") Boolean publisherConfirms,@Value("${v1.spring.rabbitmq.publisher-returns}") Boolean publisherReturns) {CachingConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new CachingConnectionFactory();connectionFactory.setHost(host);connectionFactory.setPort(port);connectionFactory.setUsername(username);connectionFactory.setPassword(password);connectionFactory.setVirtualHost(virtualHost);connectionFactory.setPublisherConfirms(publisherConfirms);connectionFactory.setPublisherReturns(publisherReturns);return connectionFactory;}@Bean(name = "v1RabbitTemplate")@Primarypublic RabbitTemplate publicRabbitTemplate(@Qualifier("v1ConnectionFactory") ConnectionFactory connectionFactory,@Value("${v1.spring.rabbitmq.template.mandatory}") Boolean mandatory) {RabbitTemplate v1RabbitTemplate = new RabbitTemplate(connectionFactory);v1RabbitTemplate.setMandatory(mandatory);v1RabbitTemplate.setConfirmCallback((correlationData, ack, s) -> {if (!ack) {
//                    LOGGER.info("{} 发送RabbitMQ消息 ack确认 失败: [{}]", this.name, JSON.toJSONString(object));} else {
//                    LOGGER.info("{} 发送RabbitMQ消息 ack确认 成功: [{}]", this.name, JSON.toJSONString(object));}});v1RabbitTemplate.setReturnCallback((message, code, s, exchange, routingKey) -> {
//                LOGGER.error("{} 发送RabbitMQ消息returnedMessage，出现异常，Exchange不存在或发送至Exchange却没有发送到Queue中，message：[{}], code[{}], s[{}], exchange[{}], routingKey[{}]", new Object[]{this.name, JSON.toJSONString(message), JSON.toJSONString(code), JSON.toJSONString(s), JSON.toJSONString(exchange), JSON.toJSONString(routingKey)});});return v1RabbitTemplate;}@Bean(name = "v1ContainerFactory")@Primarypublic SimpleRabbitListenerContainerFactory insMessageListenerContainer(@Qualifier("v1ConnectionFactory") ConnectionFactory connectionFactory,@Value("${v1.spring.rabbitmq.listener.simple.acknowledge-mode}") String acknowledge,@Value("${v1.spring.rabbitmq.listener.simple.prefetch}") Integer prefetch) {SimpleRabbitListenerContainerFactory factory = new SimpleRabbitListenerContainerFactory();factory.setConnectionFactory(connectionFactory);factory.setAcknowledgeMode(AcknowledgeMode.valueOf(acknowledge.toUpperCase()));factory.setPrefetchCount(prefetch);return factory;}@Bean(name = "v1RabbitAdmin")@Primarypublic RabbitAdmin publicRabbitAdmin(@Qualifier("v1ConnectionFactory") ConnectionFactory connectionFactory) {RabbitAdmin rabbitAdmin = new RabbitAdmin(connectionFactory);rabbitAdmin.setAutoStartup(true);return rabbitAdmin;}
}

创建Exchange、Queue并绑定

再实现RabbitAdmin后，我们就需要根据RabbitAdmin创建对应的交换机和队列，并建立绑定关系

package com.example.config.rabbitmq;import org.springframework.amqp.core.BindingBuilder;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.TopicExchange;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitAdmin;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;
import javax.annotation.Resource;/*** 创建Queue、Exchange并建立绑定关系* Created by shuai on 2019/5/16.*/
@Configuration
public class MyRabbitMQCreateConfig {@Resource(name = "v2RabbitAdmin")private RabbitAdmin v2RabbitAdmin;@Resource(name = "v1RabbitAdmin")private RabbitAdmin v1RabbitAdmin;@PostConstructpublic void RabbitInit() {v2RabbitAdmin.declareExchange(new TopicExchange("exchange.topic.example.new", true, false));v2RabbitAdmin.declareQueue(new Queue("queue.example.topic.new", true));v2RabbitAdmin.declareBinding(BindingBuilder.bind(new Queue("queue.example.topic.new", true))        //直接创建队列.to(new TopicExchange("exchange.topic.example.new", true, false))    //直接创建交换机 建立关联关系.with("routing.key.example.new"));    //指定路由Key}
}

生产者

为了后续验证每个连接都建立成功，并且都能生产消息，生产者这里分别使用新生成的RabbitTemplate发送一条消息。

package com.example.topic;import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;import javax.annotation.Resource;@Component
public class TopicProducer {@Resource(name = "v1RabbitTemplate")private RabbitTemplate v1RabbitTemplate;@Resource(name = "v2RabbitTemplate")private RabbitTemplate v2RabbitTemplate;public void sendMessageByTopic() {String content1 = "This is a topic type of the RabbitMQ message example from v1RabbitTemplate";v1RabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("exchange.topic.example.new","routing.key.example.new",content1);String content2 = "This is a topic type of the RabbitMQ message example from v2RabbitTemplate";v2RabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("exchange.topic.example.new","routing.key.example.new",content2);}
}

消费者

这里需要注意在配置消费队列时，需要标识ContainerFactory

package com.example.topic;import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitHandler;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;@Component
@RabbitListener(queues = "queue.example.topic.new", containerFactory = "v2ContainerFactory")
public class TopicConsumer {@RabbitHandlerpublic void consumer(String message) {System.out.println(message);}
}

这样就完成了SpringBoot连接多个RabbitMQ源的示例了，再写一段测试代码验证下。

测试验证

package com.example.test;import com.example.topic.TopicProducer;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class RabbitMQMultipleTest {@Autowiredprivate TopicProducer topicProducer;@Testpublic void topicProducerTest() {topicProducer.sendMessageByTopic();}
}

执行测试代码，验证结果为：

验证SpringBoot连接多RabbitMQ源成功！

github地址：Spring Boot 教程、技术栈、示例代码

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