原标题：中考英语语法词类详解及训练习题

2019中考英语语法词类详解及训练习题

一、词性的分类

词类又叫词性，英语单词根据其在句子中的功用，可以分成十个大类。

1.名词 noun n. student 学生

2.代词 pronoun pron. you 你

3.形容词 adjective adj. happy 高兴的

4.副词 adverb adv. quickly 迅速地

5.动词 verb v. cut 砍、割

6.数词 numeral num. three 三

7.冠词 article art. a 一个

8.介词 preposition prep. at 在...

9.连词 conjunction conj. and 和

10.感叹词 interjection interj. oh 哦

前六类叫实词，后四类叫虚词。

二、名词

名词复数的规则变化

名词的格

在英语中有些名词可以加“‘s”来表示所有关系，带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格，如：a teacher’s book。

名词所有格的规则如下：

(1)单数名词词尾加“'s”，复数名词词尾没有s，也要加“'s”，如the boy‘s bag 男孩的书包，men’s room 男厕所。

(2)若名词已有复数词尾-s ，只加“'”，如：the workers’ struggle工人的斗争。

三、代词

大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。

英语中的代词，按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词、连接代词和不定代词九种。

人称代词的用法：

指示代词

指示代词分单数（this / that）和复数（these / those）两种形式，既可作限定词又可做代词。

疑问代词

指人：who， whom， whose

指物： what

既可指人又可指物： which

四、冠词

冠词是位于名词或名词词组之前或之后，在句子里主要是对名词起限定作用的词。冠词是一种虚词。

不定冠词a (an)与数词one 同源，是“一个”的意思。

定冠词的用法

定冠词the与指示代词this，that同源，有“那（这）个”的意思。

(1)特指双方都明白的人或物：Take the medicine.把药吃了。

(2)上文提到过的人或事： He bought a house. I’ve been to the house.

(3)指世上独一物二的事物：the sun， the sky， the moon， the earth（敲黑板，这个是经常会在选择题中考到的知识点）

(4)单数名词连用表示一类事物，如：the dollar 美元；the fox 狐狸；

(5)用在序数词和形容词最高级，及形容词only， very， same等前面：

Where do you live？ I live on the second floor.

你住在哪？我住在二层。

(6)与复数名词连用，指整个群体：

They are the teachers of this school.指全体教师)

They are teachers of this school.(指部分教师)

(7)用在专有名词前：

the People‘s Republic of China中华人民共和国

(8)用在姓氏的复数名词之前，表示一家人：the Greens格林一家人 (或格林夫妇)

五、数词

表示数目多少的数词叫基数词；

表示顺序的数词叫序数词。

序数词表示排列的顺序

序数词的缩写形式为阿拉伯数字加序数词的最后两个字母.如： first---1st;second---2nd;　third-3rd;

thirty-first---31st

基数词变序数词的巧记口诀

一,二,三要全变;(one-first; two-second;three- third)

其余都加th,

th里有例外,8去t,(eight-eighth) 9去e(nine-ninth)

字母f代ve(five-fifth; twelve-twelfth);

ty变成tie(twenty-twentieth)

若要变化几十几，

只变个位就可以(twenty-one-twenty-first)

数词的用法

(1)倍数表示法

a. 主语+谓语+倍数（或分数）+ as + adj. + as

I have three times as many as you.我有你三倍那么多。

b. 主语+谓语+倍数（分数）+ the size (amount，length…) of…

The earth is 49 times the size of the moon.地球是月球的49倍。

c. 主语+谓语+倍数（分数）+ 形容词（副词）比较级+ than…

The grain output is 8 percent higher this year than that of last year.

d. 还可以用by+倍数，表示增加多少倍

The production of grain has been increased by four times this year.

(2)分数表示法

构成：基数词代表分子，序数词代表分母。分子大于1时，分子的序数词用单数，分母序数词用复数：1/3 one-third ； 3/37 three and three-sevenths

六、形容词

主要用来修饰名词的词，表示事物的特征。

形容词用来修饰名词或代词，表示人或事物的性质、状态，和特征的程度好坏，与否。

形容词作定语修饰名词时，要放在名词的前边。但是如果形容词修饰以-thing为字尾的词语时，要放在这些词之后，例如：something nice

以-ly结尾的形容词

(1)friendly，deadly，lovely，lonely，likely，lively，ugly，brotherly，仍为形容词。

(2)有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词，也为副词。

daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，early

The Times is a daily paper. The Times is published daily.

用形容词表示类别和整体

某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人，与谓语动词的复数连接。

如：the dead，the living，the rich，the poor，the blind，the hungry

七、副词

副词（adverb，简写为adv）是一种用来修饰动词、形容词、全句的词，说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念的词。副词是一种半虚半实的词。

副词可分为：地点副词、方式副词、程度副词、疑问副词和连接副词。

兼有两种形式的副词

(1)close与closely

close意思是“近”； closely 意思是“仔细地”

He is sitting close to me. Watch him closely.

(2)late 与lately

late意思是“晚”； lately 意思是“最近”

You have come too late.

What have you been doing lately？

形容词与副词的比较级

大多数形容词（性质形容词）和副词有比较级和最高级的变化，即原级、比较级和最高级，用来表示事物的等级差别。原级即形容词的原形，比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。

(1)规则变化

(2) 不规则变化

有少数形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的，必须熟记。如：

good→ better→ best

well→ better→ best

bad→ worse→ worst

ill→ worse→ worst

old→ older/elder→ oldest/eldest

many/much→ more→ most

little→ less→ least

far→ further/farther→ furthest/farthest

八、动词

动词根据其后是否可直接跟宾语，可分为两类，分别是：及物动词（可直接跟宾语）、不及物动词（不能直接跟宾语，若要跟宾语，必须加上某个介词）。

系动词

(1)状态系动词：用来表示主语状态，只有be一词，例如：He is a teacher.

(2)持续系动词：用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep， rest， remain， stay， lie， stand，例如：

He always kept silent at meeting.

他开会时总保持沉默。

(3)表像系动词：用来表示“看起来像”这一概念，主要有seem， appear， look，

例如：He looks tired.他看起来很累。

(4)感官系动词：感官系动词主要有feel， smell， sound， taste，

例如：This kind of cloth feels very soft.

This flower smells very sweet.

(5)变化系动词：这些系动词表示主语变成什么样，变化系动词有become， grow， turn， fall， get， go， come， run. 例如：

He became mad after that.自那之后，他疯了。

(6)终止系动词：表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove， turn out， 表达“证实”，“变成”之意，例如：

The search proved difficult.搜查证实很难。

九、连词

连词是一种虚词， 它不能独立担任句子成分而只起连接词与词，短语与短语以及句与句的作用。

连词主要可分为两类：并列连词和从属连词。

并列连词用来连接平行的词、词组和分句。

如：and， but， or， nor， so， therefore， yet， however， for， hence， as well as， both…and， not only…but also， either…or， neither…nor， (and)then等等。

比较so和 such

such 是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组。

so是副词，只能修饰形容词或副词。so 还可与表示数量的形容词many，few，much， little连用，形成固定搭配。

so + adj. such + a(n) + n.

so + adj. + a(n) + n. such + n. (pl.)

so + adj. + n. (pl.) such +n. (pl.)

so + adj. + n. [不可数] such +n. [不可数]

so foolish ；such a fool

so nice a flower；such a nice flower

so many/ few flowers；such nice flowers

so much/little money；such rapid progress

so many people ；such a lot of people

十、介词

介词是一种用来表示词与词、词与句之间的关系的虚词，在句中不能单独作句子成分。

介词后面一般有名词代词或相当于名词的其他词类，短语或从句作它的宾语。

介词和它的宾语构成介词词组，在句中作状语，表语，补语或介词宾语。

介词的分类

地点(位置、范围)介词

above在…前, about在…附近, across在…对面, after在…后面, against倚着..., along在…近旁, among在…中间, around在…周围, round在….周围, at在…处, before在...前, behind在...后, below低于..., beside在...旁边, between在...之间, by在...旁, down在...下面, from来自..., in在...里面, inside在...里面,等等。

方向(目标趋向)介词

across横越..., against对抗..., along沿着..., around绕着..., round环绕..., at朝着..., behind向…后面, etween…and…从…到...,by路过/通过..., down向…下, for向..., from从/离..., in进入..., into进入..., inside到...里面, near接近..., off脱离/除..., on向...上, out of向...外, outside向....外, over跨过..., past经过/超过..., through穿过..., to向/朝..., towards朝着..., on to到...上面, onto到...上面, up向...上, away from远离...

时间介词

about大约..., after在…以后, at在… (时刻), before在…以前, by到…为止, during在…期间, for有…(之久), from从…(时)起, in在(上/下午);在(多久)以后, on在(某日), past过了…(时), since自从…(至今), through 贯穿…(期间), till直到…时, until直到…时, to到(下一时刻), ever since从那时起至今,at the beginning of在...开始时 ,at the end of在...末 , in the middle of在...当中 ,at the time of在...时

方式介词

as作为/当作..., by用/由/乘坐/被..., in用…(语言), like与…一样, on骑(车)/徒(步),通过(收音机/电视机), over通过(收音机), through通过..., with用(材料),用(手/脚/耳/眼), without没有…

涉及介词

about关于..., except除了…, besides除了…还... for对于/就…而言, in在…(方面), of…的,有关..., on关于/有关..., to对…而言, towards针对..., with就…而言

其它介词

【目的介词】 for为了..., from防止…, to为了…

【原因介词】 for因为..., with由于…, because of因为...

【比较介词】 as与…一样,like象…一样,than比...,to与…相比, unlike与…不同

备战2019中考初中英语词类练习

词类一：动词

1、—Look! How beautiful the square is!

—Yes. You can’t _______ that it was a place to store rubbish five years ago.

A. say B. imagine C. mind D. know

2、She used to ________ a bus to school，but now she is used to ________ to school.

A. taking；walk B. take；walk C. taking；walking D. take；walking

3、I've got a lot of exercise these days, but still can't lose weight.

Exercise is not enough. You should also __. Eating the right foods is very important for weight control.

A. quit eating B. start an exercise class C. take some medicine D. go on a diet

4、My mother used to ______ what she did every day.

A. writing down B. write down C. wrote down D. be written down

5、The class was over. The students stopped ______.

A. have a rest B. had a rest C. having a rest D. to have a rest

6、— It’s everyone’s duty to join the Clean Your Plate Campaign.

— Sure. We should try to _____ all the food that we’ve ordered.

A. give up B. eat up C. turn up D. show up

7、When Daniel is in a bad mood, he likes wearing orange to ____.

A. wake himself up B. give himself up

C. cheer himself up D. pick himself up

8、–Have you seen the TV play My Ugly Mother?

Yes. And the song of the play is worth _________.

A. being listened B. listen to C. listening to

D. to listen

9、 ---Haven’t seen you for ages! Where have you been?

---I went to Sichuan Province and ____there for two years.

A. stayed B. have stayed C. would stay D. had stayed

10、The two girls ______ in a cave (洞穴) and the enemies (敌人) didn’t find them.

A. got away B. lost their lives C. went into hiding D. were taken notice

11、Many students don’t know how to ___ shyness and stress, they became worried easily.

A. talk with B. deal with C. come up with D. pull down

12、At first, the students discussed the questions all in English, but after a while, they __speaking in Chinese.

A. gave up B. picked up C. turned up D. ended up

13、The expert advised me ourselves our work.

A. to be strict in; with B. be strict in; with C. to be strict with; in D. strict with; in

14、Tom has difficulty Chinese, so he often asks me advice.

A. to understand, with B. understanding, of

C. to understand, for D. understanding , for

15、The high-speed railway ___Shanghai _____ Nanjing makes our travel faster and more comfortable.

A. connecting, from B. connecting, to C. connects, from D. connects, to

16、My sweater is _____ China. It’s _____ wool（羊毛）.

A. made of; made of B. made from; made from

C. made in; made from D. made in; made of

17、---- How does Jack usually go to school ?

---- He _____ ride a bike, but now he _____ there to lose weight.

A. used to , is used to walk B. was used to , is used to walking

C. used to, is used to walking D. was used to , used to walk

18、—Does your father usually _______ TV after supper?

—No, he usually _______ newspapers.

A. watch, read B. watch, reads C. watches, reads D. watches, read

19、 — What do you think of Hangzhou?

— It’s very beautiful! Many people expect __________ it during holidays.

A. visit B. is visiting C. visiting D. to visit

20、I’m sure that they will begin the work at once after they ______ about the plan.

A. break out B. work out C. make a decision D. deal with

21、 --- Why are you unhappy? --- I was late again. I’m afraid Miss Li will be _____ me.

A. angry with B. busy with C. proud of D. worried about

22、The final exam is coming. Our teachers tell us ________time.

A. not to waste B. not waste C. don’t waste D. wasting

23、---How long may I ___ your book? ---For a week. But you mustn’t ___ it to others.

A. borrow; lend B. keep; lend C. lend; borrow D. keep; borrow

24、 Last Sunday our team ____ Class One and ___ the match.

A. won; won B. beat; beat C. won; beat D. beat; won

25、 The room_____________ as a study.

A. used to being used B. used to be used

C. was used to be used D. was used to being used

26、 -- It’s dangerous to swim in this river.

-- Yes, you are right. The government has people not to swim in it.

A. trained B. warned C. led D. encouraged

27、— Can you ______ the TV, Tom? I’m reading.

— Sorry, mum. I’ll do it right away.

A. turn on B. turn up C. turn over D. turn down

28、---Many people think women are better at cooking than men.

---______________. Most top chefs(厨师)in the world are men.

A. I agree B. Exactly C. Not at all. D. That’s not the case

29、Lily is _______ her book, but she can’t ______ it.

A. looking for; find B. finding; look for

C. looking for; look for D. finding; find

30、—Do you late at the weekend?

—No, my mother always very early on Sunday morning.

A. wake up; gets up B. get up; wakes me up

C. wakes up; get up D. get up; wakes up me

31、 —What’s wrong with you, Millie?

—My bike is broken. Would you please _______ it for me?

A. stop repair B. to stop repair C. stop repairing D. stop to repair

32、There was a strange sound outside. Mary went out and _______ around, but she _______ nothing.

A. looked; saw B. saw; saw C. watched; looked D. looked; find

33、He could _______ neither French nor German. So I ______ with him in English.

A. speak; talked B. talk; told C. say; spoke D. tell; talked

34、 Don’t _______ your lessons. We’ll help you.

A. worry B. worried about C. be worried about D. be afraid

35、I used to__ my dream. But now I get used to___ doing everything. I think I’ll be successful

A. give up, keeping B. giving up, keeping

C. giving up, keep D. give up, keep

36、They say this kind of fruit _______ good and _______ well.

A. tastes; is sold B. is tasted; sells C. tastes; sells D. is tasted; is sold

37、Mr Smith says learning languages action, or we will get nothing at all.

A. reduces B. requires C. refuses D. realizes

38、Both my parents _______ jokes .

A. enjoy tell B. enjoys telling C. enjoy telling D. enjoy to tell

39、To get a better grade, you should ______ the notes again before the test.

A. go over B. get over C. turn over D. take over

40、Please ________the text and then answer my questions.

A. look for B. look in C. look through D. look on

参考答案

1、B2、D3、D 4、B5、D6、B7、C8、C 9、A10、C11、B12、D13、C14、D15、B

16、D17、C18、B19、D20、C21、A22、A23、B24、D25、B26、B27、D28、D29、A 30、D

31、D32、A33、A34、C35、A36、C37、B38、C39、A40、C

词类二：名词

1、 Could you please give some _____ to the _____ teachers?

A．advice; man B．advices; men C．suggestion; man D．suggestions; men

2、A group of are eating and at the foot of the hill.

A sheepes, grasses, leaves B. sheep, grass, leaf

C. sheeps, grass, leafs D. sheep, grass, leaves

3、一What _______ do you need to make it?

一We need bread，cheese，lettuce and eggs．

A．cheese B．bread C．ingredients D．vegetables

4、—I’m going to the supermarket. Let me get you some fruit.

—OK. Thanks for your _______.

A. offer B. information C. message D. order.

5、---Pass me the _____ on the table, please. I want to play paper-cutting.

A. chopsticks B. silver C. surface D. scissors

6、We can get about our homework on the Internet.

A.an information B. many information

C. some informations D. some information

7、Zhalong is a nature reserve and is birds.

A. an ideal home for B. an ideal home to C. a ideal home for D. an ideal home at

8、The singer felt very sorry and decided he would never drive again after drinking. The traffic accident was really a _________ to him.

A．game B. pleasure C. skill D. lesson

9、—It's a wise ________ to wear the white tie. It matches your shirt well.

—Thank you very much.

A. choice B. support C. mixture D. honor

10、 The two cities have reached an to develop science and technology.

A. education B. excitement C. agreement D. invention

11、She is listening to .

A. a beautiful music B. a piece of beautiful music

C. a beautiful piece of music D. a piece beautiful music

12、─Mrs. Zhang was sent to teach English in a poor mountain village last year.

─She said she would never forget some pleasant ______while working there.

A. experiments B. expressions C. experiences D. emotions

13、 –Mrs Black, could you give me some advice on how to write an application letter?

–With pleasure. Remember that the letter should be written in the formal ______.

A. value B. style C. effect D. mood

14、—May I have your________ to leave a little earlier?

—Certainly，but you should be back tomorrow by 9 o’clock.

A．conclusion B．encouragement C．suggestion D．permission

15、 Hard work can lead you to ________.

A. success B. successful C. succeed D. successfully

16、 We have many_____ : basketball, ping-pong, soccer,and volleyball.

A. sports clubs B. sport clubs C. sport club D. sports club

17、Scott has an interesting ________.He works at a radio station. He has much _____ to do.

A. job , work B. work , job C. job ,works

18、—They are thirsty. Will you please give them ____? -----Certainly.

A. some bottle of orange B. some bottles of oranges

C. some bottle of oranges D. some bottles of orange

19、Tina and I are good friends. Our______ began 10 years ago.

A．message B．friendship C．suggestion D．education

20、Please give me ________ and two .

A. a bottle of apple juices; breads B. a bottle of apple juice; fruit cakes

C. an apple juice; bread D an apple juice, breads

21、For professional athletes，____to the Olympics means that they have a chance to enter the history books.

A．access B．attend C．attract D．approach

22、Tim is _____ that nobody likes him.

A. so a lazy boy B. such a lazy boy C. so lazy boy D. such lazy boy

23、 _____ shouldn’t have part-time jobs because they are too young.

A. Thirteen years old

B. Thirteen-year-old

C. Thirteen-year-

olds D. Thirteen year olds

24、Three______ and a set of _____ are on the table.

A. watch; key B. watches; key C .watch; keys D .watches; keys

25、 ---Where can I buy a football? ---Maybe you should go to the ____________.

A. clothes shop B. flower shop C. shoe shop D. sports shop

26、_________ shirts are both on _________ desk．

A．Tom's and John's；Mary and Jane's B．Tom and John's：Mary's and Jane's

C．Tom's and John's；Mary's and Jane's D．Tom and John's；Mary and Jane's

27、 There are many ______and ______ in our school.

A. apple trees; women teachers B. apples trees; women teachers

C. apple trees; woman teachers D. apples trees; woman teachers

28、 I don’t know how to improve my spoken English. Can you give me some_____?

A. advices B. piece of advice C. piece of advice D. pieces of advice

29、David visited lots of in the world.

A. places of interesting B. places of interest

C. place of interests D. place of interesting

30、With _______ and pleasure, Alice and the rabbit traveled on together in Wonderland.

A. safely B. save C. safe D. safety

31、---Do you know these over there? They're so handsome.

---Yes, they are my friends.

A. policemans B. Canadas C. Germen D. heroes

32、Zhongshan Park is a good __to have fun. Let’s go there this weekend.

A. place B. weather C. job D. animal

33、In western countries, ________ are thrown away each day.

A. mountains of rubbish B. mountains of rubbishes

C. a lot of rubbish D. a lot of rubbishes

34、----What do you know about Linda’s brother ?

----Well, he likes baseball and his is to be a sports star.

A. job B. habit C. dream D. story

35、 Everyone needs to make a __ on their life journey, because what they choose will influence their future.

A. choice B. difference C. mistake D. discussion

36、 His sister sings very well. She has a pleasant ______.

A. voices B. noise C. voice D. sound

37、We all regard it as a good _____ for us to teach Chinese in foreign countries.

A. habit B. experience C. hobby D. secret

38、Could you give me ________ ?

A. some advice B. an advice C. any advice D. some advices

39、 —_______ is very important in the game.

—That’s right. One player doesn’t make a team.

A. Housework B. Practice C. Teamwork D. Exercise

40、 There is no _____ that phones play an important role in the modern life.

A. question B. problem C. answer D. doubt

参考答案

1、D 2、D3、C 4、A 5、D6、D7、A 8、D 9、A10、C11、B 12、C13、B14、D15、A16、A

17、A18、D 19、B 20、B21、A22、B 23、C 24、D 25、D26、A27、A 28、D29、B30、D

31、D32、A33、A34、C35、A36、C37、B 38、A39、C40、D

词类三：连词

1、—Do you think Tom and Barry can be artists?

—_____Tom’s _____Barry’s personality is suitable for being an artist, I’m afraid.

A. Not only; but also B. Both; and C. Either; or D. Neither; nor

2、_____you do, don’t miss this exhibition, for it’s so hard for me to get the tickets.

A. Whatever B. However C. Whenever D. Whether

3 — I joined in the 2017 Nanjing Marathon (马拉松) race, _______ I couldn’t run as fast as a real athlete.

— That’s really great! You are my hero!

A. though B. until C. unless D. if

4、I don’t doubt _______ she can do it well, but I doubt _______ she is willing to do it.

A. that; that B. if; if C. that; if D. if; that

5、—Did you have a good time at the party?

—Yes. We sang ______danced until late at night.

A. but B. if C. and D. so

6、When Tony heard the good news，he was too excited .

A. speak B. speaks C. to speak D. working

7 It was very hot when we got to Kenting National Park,______ we still had a good time there.

A. or B.so C. but D. because

8、My father wants me to be a doctor ______ an engineer, ______ I want to be an actor.

A. or; and B. and; but C. and; so D. or; but

9、Computers in the future will be very small_________ light.

A. because B. but C. and D. so

10、I’ll be ready to discuss it with you you have time．

A．whatever B．whenever C．however D．wherever

11、______ get into No. 1 Senior high School, Li Hua works hard day and night.

A. So that B. In order to C. Because D. Until

12、Many people didn’t realize the importance of health _______they have fallen ill.

A until B while C when D after

13、I think our spacecraft(宇宙飞船) is ________slow _______carry large numbers of

people to

Mars at present.

A. so, that B. such, that C. too, to D. enough, to

14、I was late for class yesterday __________ there was something wrong with my bike．

A. when B. that C. because D. until

15、I followed him to see ______ he was going and I was surprised when he went into the police station.

A. how B. where C. why D. whether

16、Bring these flowers into a warm room they’ll soon open.

A. or B. and C. but D. for

17、That maths problem is ___ difficult ___ nobody can work it out.

A. too; to B. very; that C. so; that D. very; but

18、_____who you go with，you should be back by 10：00 p.m.

A. However B. If C. Whether D. No matter

19、—How long does it take to get to the airport?

—Forty minutes. But it’s foggy today. I’m not sure ____the highway will close soon. Let’s set off earlier.

A. whether B. when C. how D. that

20、The girl is talented in ___ singing __ dancing，so she was chosen to perform at the Spring Festival Gala.

A. either；or B. not only；but also C. neither；or D. either; nor

参考答案

1、D2、A3、A4、C5、C6、C 7、C 8、D9、C10、B11、B12、A13、C14、C15、B16、B17、C

18、D19、A20、B

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