expect脚本
1. expect简介
expect是一个用来处理交互的命令。借助Expect，我们可以将交互过程写在一个脚本上，使之自动化完成。
expect(自动应答) 基于TCL(Tool Command Language)语言演变而来

expect中最关键的四个命令是：
send：用于向进程发送字符串
expect：从进程接收字符串
spawn：启动新的进程
interact：允许用户交互2. 安装expect
# yum install expect -y

查看expect信息
[root@web1 sed]# rpm -qi expect
Name : expect Relocations: (not relocatable)
Version : 5.44.1.15 Vendor: CentOS
Release : 5.el6_4 Build Date: Mon 04 Nov 2013 05:05:44 PM CST
Install Date: Sun 21 Aug 2016 11:48:49 PM CST Build Host: c6b9.bsys.dev.centos.org
Group : Development/Languages Source RPM: expect-5.44.1.15-5.el6_4.src.rpm
Size : 566637 License: Public Domain
Signature : RSA/SHA1, Mon 04 Nov 2013 07:53:54 PM CST, Key ID 0946fca2c105b9de
Packager : CentOS BuildSystem http://bugs.centos.org
URL : http://expect.nist.gov/
Summary : A program-script interaction and testing utility
Description :
Expect is a tcl application for automating and testing
interactive applications such as telnet, ftp, passwd, fsck,
rlogin, tip, etc. Expect makes it easy for a script to
control another program and interact with it.

This package contains expect and some scripts that use it.

任何有交互性的操作，都可以用expect来做 3. expect使用详解
#!/bin/bashexpect <<EOF > /dev/null 2>&1    --/dev/null 代表把标准输出重定向输出到空洞，2>&1代表把出错输出也定向到标准输出。
spawn passwd $1     --产生passwd $1这个命令
expect "password:"      --当停在rd:结尾这个标识符时
send "456\r"        --我就把456传给它
expect "password:"      --当再次停在rd:结尾这个标识符时
send "456\r"        --我就再次把456传给它
expect eof          --表示expect结束
EOF# sh 1.expect test    --执行方法，因为脚本里写的是$1，所以后面接你要修改密码的用户名

远程ssh

#!/bin/bashsed -i '/^'$1'/d' /root/.ssh/known_hosts
expect << EOF > /dev/null 2>&1
spawn ssh $1
expect "no)?"
send "yes\r"
expect "password:"
send "123456\r"
expect "]#"
send "mkdir /root/Desktop/aa\r"
send "touch /root/Desktop/aa/$1\n"
send "exit\n"
expect eof
EOF假设管理的机器有N台，密码也各不相同（没有ssh等效性)，现在需要在每个机器上都创建一个文件# cat ip_user_passwd.txt        --这个文件里包含你所有管理机器的IP，用户及其对应的密码
10.1.1.63       root    oracle
10.1.1.77       root    1234
10.1.1.73       user1   123456
10.1.1.85       root    54321
......# cat 6.expect
#!/bin/bashcat ip_user_passwd.txt |while read ip user password
do
sed -i '/^'$ip'/d' /root/.ssh/known_hosts
expect <<EOF &> /dev/null
spawn ssh $ip -l $user
expect ")?"
send "yes\r"
expect "rd:"
send "$password\n"
expect "]#"
send "touch /tmp/123\n"     --这里可以修改你每次要在这些机器上做的命令
send "exit\n"
expect eof
EOF
done